Short Answer Questions

1.What sign(s) indicate that the second line of defense has been at work?

A. when there is a pus, swelling, heat redness and pain, this indicates that a second line of defense has been used by your body in response to physical or bacterial injury

2. What are the two different types of lymphocytes found in the immune system?

A. the two type of lymphocytes found in the immune system are T cell and B cell

3. Where is the T cell produced and stored? And what is its purpose?

A. The T cell is produced in the bone marrow and is stored in the thymus and its job is to look for invading organisms and send out a signal to a different T cell which than passes this information to the B cell to produce an antibody

4. Where are the receptor sites of the cell located?

A. The receptor site is located along the cell membrane.

5. Name the two types of problems that can be arise from abnormal function of the immune system.

A. the two types of problem that can arise from an abnormal function of the immune system are: immune deficiency disease in which the immune system is disabled and inappropriate attacks of the immune system against non threatening agents

6. What are the two forms of passive immunity?

7. What are the two types of defense mechanism?

Multiple Choice

8. What mechanism does the white blood cell use to fighting an invading microbe?

b. pahgocytosis

c. hiding the invading microbe

d. All of the above

9. The killer T cell is activated by:

b. helper T cell

c. lymphocyte

d. all of the above

10.Which cell stays alive after fighting an invading microbe

b. memory B cell

c. killer t cell

d. none of the above

11. The function of lymphocyte is:

b. to produce an antibody

c. to retain information about the geometry of antigen

d. b,c

12.An example of an agent that causes a an immune deficiency disease is:

a. HIV virus (pathogen)

b. influenza virus

c. sever combined immune deficiency (SCID)

d. all of the above

13. Allergy occurs when

b. when your immune system is suppressed

c. when your immune system mistakes harmless cell for harmful invaders and attacks them

d. none of the above

14. Which system of the body involves anaphylactic reaction?

b. digestive system

c. circulatory system

d. a,c

15. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the immune system attacks the nerve cell. This is the deficiency in which cell?

b. B cell

c. The killer t cell

d. Antigen

16. Which of the following statement is true? About invading microbes

b. microbes can be transmitted from person to person

c. all invading microbes are disease causing

d. b,c

17. Bacteria can be are harmful when…

b. when they are sleeping

c. when they are eating your waste product

d. none of the above

18. which of the following way can a person get infected by a pathogen

b. body fluids

c. food or water

d. all of the above

19. Antibodies are

b. aunts inside someone’s body

c. messengers between T cell and a B cell

d. none of the above

20. Where is the B cell produced processed?

b. in the heart

c. in the none marrow

d. from the alphabet

Long Answer Questions

1. Why does the immune system have a difficulty in fighting against HIV virus?

A. An antibody production requires a blue print of the invading microbe in order for the T cell to fight against any antigen. This blue print is sent off to the B cell in order for the B cell to send a complimentary antibody. Because the T cell completely engulfs the HIV virus, and because the HIV virus does not release its coat outside the T cell, the T cell is unable to make any blue print of the HIV and therefore, cannot make an antibody which is a complimentary to the antigen of the HIVC virus.

2. What could account for the body’s rejection of a new organ transplant and why?

A. Killer T cells are the reason that the recipient’s body rejects the new organ. Because the new organ’s cell contains a different marker that is not familiar to the body immune system’s antigen marker, the immune system will identify it as an invader and starts to attack it.

3. What benefits would there be in introducing a microbe that is weakened or dead as a papoose to a full strength microbe in order to vaccinating recipient.

A. In order for the immune system to work, it has to have a blue print or a memory of the antigen. When the body is exposed to an antigen that it recognizes, it is better equipped and response faster when combating it the body will maintain a degree of resistance because it recognizes the antigen, it is beneficial to have a weakened or dead microbe as oppose to a full strength because the full strength microbe might reproduce the body faster than the immune system can produce an antibody against it. This could cause a disease to develop before the immune system could provide immunity.

4. Why isn't the antibody engineered to fight influenza virus effective against any other virus?

Definitions

Leukocytes: white blood cell that may engulf invading microbes or produce an antibody

Macrophage: phagocytic white blood cell found an lymph nodes or in the blood of the bone marrow

Lymphocyte: specialized a white blood cell that produces an antibody

Antigens: substances, usually protein in nature, that stimulate the formation of an antibody

Virulent virus: a harmful microbe that is effective at overcoming the defense mechanisms of the host

Phagosytosis: process by which a white blood cell engulfs and chemically destroys a microbe

Vector: organism- most often an insect- that carries and transmits disease to other organism

Active immune system: occurs when the body produces antibodies against an invading antigen