Appendix 5
Chronology
BC
28000 – First evidence of Religious practices
12000 – Grindstones used for flour production
9000 --- Animal Husbandry developed in Mesopotamia
8000 --- Fully domesticated wheat, barley and pulses cultivated in Fertile Crescent
6000 --- Painted kiln-fired pottery in Sumer
5500 --- Irrigation systems built in Sumer
4500 --- First ploughs used in Sumer
4500 --- First use of sails in Sumer
4100 --- Probable date of Noah’s Flood
4000 --- Sumer known to have a complete social structure – the first known civilization
3400 --- First walled cities in Egypt
3250 --- Earliest known writing in use in Sumer
3200 --- Secret Egyptian king-making ceremony known to exist
3150 --- Emergence of the unified Egyptian state with capital at Memphis
3000 --- First Egyptian hieroglyphics
2686 --- Egyptian Old Kingdom starts
2600 --- First true pyramids constructed in Egypt
2530 --- Great Pyramid of Khufu at Giza
2500 --- Emergence of city-states in northern Mesopotamia
2300 --- City-states of southern Mesopotamia united by Sargon of Akkade
2150 --- Collapse of Egyptian Old Kingdom
2040 --- Egyptian Middle Kingdom established
1786 --- Hyksos kings begin rule over Egypt
1780 --- Abraham traveled from Ur to make his first visit to Egypt
1740 --- Isaac born to Abraham
1720 --- Hyksos sack Memphis
1680 --- Jacob born; later to be renamed Israel
1620 --- Joseph is vizier to Hyksos king Apophis
1570 --- Egyptian New Kingdom begins under Kamose, the second son of Seqenenre
1567 --- The Hyksos are driven out of Egypt
1450-1500 --- Most probable period for the Exodus under Moses
1020 --- Saul becomes first king of Israel
1002 --- David kind of Israel
972 ----- Solomon becomes king of Israel and builds his Temple for Yahweh
922 ----- Solomon dies leaving religious and financial chaos across Israel
721 ----- Northern kingdom of Israel collapses
597 ----- First Babylonian captivity
586 ----- Final destruction of Solomon’s Temple
573 ----- Ezekiel’s visions whilst in captivity
539 ----- Start of the building of Zerubbabel’s Temple
187 ----- Earliest date for the Qumran Community
166 ----- The Maccabean Revolt in Israel
152 ----- Jonathan Maccabee becomes high priest
152 ----- The Qumran Community known to exist
153 ----- Jonathan Maccabee killed
6 -------- Probable date of the birth of Jesus
AD
27 ------ Jesus spends three years at Qumran (in the wilderness)
31 ------ Jesus leaves Qumran and is held to be king of the Jews
32 ------ John the Baptist killed; Jesus assumes priestly as well as kingly messiahships
33 ------ Crucifixion of Jesus
37 ------ The Mandaeans are driven out to Mesopotamia by Saul
60 ------ Saul becomes Paul and invents Christianity
63 ------ Probable date of confrontation between James and Paul
64 ------ Killing of James the Just at the Temple
64 ------ Jewish Revolt begins at Masada
70 ------ Destruction of Qumran, Jerusalem and Herod’s Temple by the Romans
190 ---- Clement becomes Bishop of Alexandria
200 ---- Celtic Christianity reaches Ireland from Alexandria via Spain
325 ---- Council of Nicaea established by Emperor Constantine
337 ---- Constantine dies
432 ---- Patrick travels to Ireland to establish the Celtic Church at Slane and Tara
563 ---- Columba sets sail from Derry to set up an abbey on Iona
596 ---- St Augustine arrives in England to convert the population to Catholicism
664 ---- Synod of Whitby caves in to the Roman Catholic Church
THE DARK AGES BEGIN
1108 --- Oldest surviving texts of the Hebrew Bible
1118 --- The Order of the Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon founded
1120 --- Templars find hidden Scrolls
THE DARK AGES END
1215 --- Magna Carta signed by King John
1244 --- Birth of Jacques de Maloy
1292 --- Jacques de Maloy elected last Grand Master of the Templars
1305 --- Robert the Bruce excommunicated
1306 --- Robert the Bruce crowned king of Scotland
1306 --- The arrest of all Jews in France
1307 --- Friday 13 October: the destruction of the Templars by Philip the Fair
1307 --- Jacques de Maloy crucified and Shroud of Turin created
1308 --- Arrival of Templar fleet in America
1314 --- 19 March: Jacques de Maloy burnt at the stake in Paris
1314 --- Battle of Bannockburn – won by the intervention of a Templar battle force
1328 --- England recognizes Scotland as an independent nation
1329 --- 13 June: Pope accepts Robert I and his successors as Kings of Scotland
1330 --- William St Clair dies taking the heart of Robert I to Jerusalem
1357 --- First Known Exposition of the Shroud of Turin
1440-1490 --- Building of the Chapel of Rosslyn. Introduction of the First Degree and Mark
Masonry by William St Clair, First Grand Master and Founder of Freemasonry
1534 --- The English split with the Roman Catholic Church
1583 --- James Stuart becomes James VI of Scotland
1598 --- First Schaw Statues set up the Lodge System
1599 --- Second Schaw Statutes published
1601 --- First St Clair Charter affirms St Clairs as Grand Masters of Masons
1601 --- James VI joins Lodge of Scoon and Perth, No. 3 on the present roll of the Grand
Lodge of Scotland, at the age of 35
1603 --- James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England
1604 --- Fellow Craft Degree of Freemasonry introduced by Francis Bacon
1605 --- Guy Fawkes plot to blow up king and parliament
1607 --- Inigo Jones Manuscript
1610 --- Galileo publicly confirms the structure of the solar system
1625 --- Charles I comes to the throne
1628 --- The Second St Clair Charter confirms the Earl of Rosslyn as Grand Master Mason
1633 --- Charles I refurbishes Holyrood Abbey for his Scottish Coronation and incorporates
Masonic tombstones in its north wall, including one for the Earl of Sutherland
1641 --- Sir Robert Moray initiated into Freemasonry at Newcastle by a warrant from Lodge
of Edinburgh St Mary’s Chapel
1643 --- The English Civil War starts
1646 --- The end of the main phase of the English Civil War at Oxford
1646 --- Elias Ashmole initiated in Warrington in an ad hoc Lodge
1649 --- Execution of Charles I
1649 --- The establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell
1650 --- Rosslyn Castle destroyed but the Chapel preserved by Cromwell and Monk
1652 --- First meeting between Wilkins, Ashmole and Wren
1660 --- Charles II restores the monarchy
1662 --- Formation of the Royal Society of the Advancement of Science by Freemasons
1672 --- Isaac Newton elected a Fellow of the Royal Society
1677 --- Charles II builds the Holy Arch Symbol of the Crown, originally used by his father
Charles I in his campaign against Parliament, into the entrance to Holyrood House
1714 --- First recorded minutes of the Grand Lodge of York
1717 --- Formation of English Grand Lodge
1721 --- First Noble Grand Master, John, Duke of Montague, elected to English Grand Lodge
1725 --- Formation of Irish Grand Lodge
1726 --- Earliest documented record of a Masonic Third Degree Ceremony in Scotland
1737 --- Formation of Scottish Grand Lodge: William St Clair elected first Grand Master
1738 --- First Papal Bull against Freemasonry issued
1747 --- First Charter to a travelling military lodge issued by the Grand Lodge of Scotland
1752 --- George Washington made a Freemason in the town of Fredericksburg at Lodge
Fredericksburg
1758 --- Lodge Fredericksburg receives a formal charter form the Scottish Grand Lodge
1773 --- The Boston Tea Party
1778 --- William St Clair, first Elected Master of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, dies
1778 --- American Declaration of Independence
1789 --- George Washington becomes the first President of the USA
1790 --- Hanoverian Prince of Wales becomes Grand Master of England
1792 --- George Washington presented with Book of Constitutions at Boston
1799 --- Rosetta Stone found, enabling Egyptian hieroglyphics to be read
1945 --- Discovery of the Nag Hammandi cache of Gnostic gospels
1947 --- Discovery of Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran
1951 --- Excavation of Qumran starts
1955 --- The Copper Scroll opened and deciphered as an inventory of hidden treasures
1988 --- Carbon dating of the Turin Shroud establishes its earliest possible origin to be 1260
1991 --- First public access to full collection of the Dead Sea Scrolls
