Egyptian history is seperated into 31 Dynasties and 4 foriegn periods of rule, Dynasties are the classification of different periods of rule for the egyptian pharohs, they are used to date the pharohs. Although Egyptian history goes back farther than said here, egyptologists date from the start of writing on.
[Early Dynastic Period]
[OLD KINGDOM ]
[FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD]
[MIDDLE KINGDOM ]
[SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD ]
[NEW KINGDOM ]
[THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD ]
[LATE KINGDOM ]
[SECOND PERSIAN PERIOD]
[GRECO-ROMAN PERIOD]
[Ptolemaic Dynasty]
[Roman Emperors ]
List of Egyptian Pharohs and Dynasties
EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD
1st Dynasty"
(2920 - 2770)
Little actual history is known of the pharaohs of the early dynasties. Their monuments, however, are some of the most studied artifacts in the world. Egyptian writing started.
- Menes (Aha)
- Djer
- Wadj
- Den (Udimu)
- Anendjib
- Semerkhet
- Kaa
2nd Dynasty
(2770 - 2650)
- Hetepsekhemwy
- Reneb
- Ninetjer
- Peribsen
- Khasekhemwy
OLD KINGDOM
The age of the Pyramid. The pyramids of Giza and Dahshur are built during this period.
3rd Dynasty
- Sanakhte (Nebka) 2650 - 2630
- Netjerykhet (Djoser) 2630 - 2611
- Sekhemkhet (Djoser Teti) 2611 - 2603
- Khaba 2603 - 2599
- Huni 2599 - 2575
4th Dynasty
- Snofru 2575 - 2551
- Khufu (Cheops) 2551 - 2528
- Radjedef 2528 - 2520
- Khafre (Chephren) 2520 - 2494
- Menkaure (Mycerinus) 2490 - 2472
- Shepseskaf 2472 - 2467
5th Dynasty
- Userkaf 2465 - 2458
- Sahure 2458 - 2446
- Neferirkare Kakai 2446 - 2426
- Shepseskare Ini 2426 - 2419
- Raneferef 2419 - 2416
- Niuserre Izi 2416 - 2392
- Menkauhor 2396 - 2388
- Djedkare Izezi 2388 - 2356
- Wenis 2356 - 2323
6th Dynasty
- Teti 2323 - 2291
- Pepy I (Meryre) 2289 - 2255
- Merenre Nemtyemzaf 2255 - 2246
- Pepy II (Neferkare) 2246 - 2152
FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
This was a troubled time. There was a breakdown of the centralized government, with most of the Pharohs having overlapping reigns.
7th and 8th Dynasties
2150 - 2135
9th and 10th Dynasties
2135 - 1986
11th Dynasty
- Inyotef I (Sehertawy) 2074 - 2064
- Inyotef II (Wahankh) 2064 - 2015
- Inyotef III (Nakhtnebtepnefer) 2015 - 2007
- Montuhotep II 2007 - 1986
MIDDLE KINGDOM
This period is marked with foreign trade and enormous building projects. There is a refinement in the making of jewelry. Prosperity and renaissance existed for a long period of time, but eventually, internal problems become apparent.
11th Dynasty
- Montuhotep II (Nebhepetre) 1986 - 1956
- Montuhotep III (Sankhkare) 1956 - 1944
- Montuhotep IV (Nebtawyre) 1944 - 1937
12th Dynasty
- Amenemhet I (Sehetepibre) 1937 - 1908
- Senwosret I (Kheperkare) 1917 - 1872
- Amenemhet II (Nubkaure) 1875 - 1840
- Senwosret II (Khakheperre) 1842 - 1836
- Senwosret III (Khakaure) 1836 - 1817
- Amenemhet III (Nimaatre) 1817 - 1772
- Amenemhet IV (Maakherure) 1772 - 1763
- Neferusobek (Sobekkare) 1763 - 1759
SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
The Hyksos invaded and conquered Egypt. Eventually the Theban princes regained power. Kamose defeats the Hyksos.
13th Dynasty
21 kings for around 63 years then
- Neferhotep I 1696 - 1686
- Sihathor 1685 - 1685
- Sobekhotep IV 1685 - 1678
- Sobekhotep V 1678 - 1674
- Iaib 1674 - 1664
- Ay 1664 - 1641
14th Dynasty
9 kings for about 20 years
15th Dynasty
- Salitis
- Bnon
- Apachnan (Khian)
- Apophis (Auserre Apepi)
- Khamudi
16th Dynasty
- Dates and Pharohs unknown
17th Dynasty
- Tao I (Senakhtenre)
- Tao II (Sekenenre)
- Kamose (Wadjkheperre)
NEW KINGDOM
Extreme prosperity and renaissance in art and building projects mark the beginning of this period. Towards the end of the 19th Dynasty the increasing power of the priesthood corrupts the central government. During the 20th Dynasty tomb robbing is done by officials. The priesthood becomes hereditary and begins to assume secular power. The government breaks down.
18th Dynasty
- Ahmose (Nebpehtyre) 1539 - 1514
- Amenhotep I (Djeserkare) 1514 - 1493
- Thutmose I (Akheperkare) 1493 - 1481
- Thutmose II (Akheperenre) 1481 - 1479
- Hatshepsut (Maatkare) 1473 - 1458
- Thutmose III (Menkheperre) 1479 - 1425
- Amenhotep II (Akheperure) 1427 - 1392
- Thutmose IV (Menkheperure) 1392 - 1382
- Amenhotep III (Nebmaatre) 1382 - 1344
- Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten 1352 - 1336
- Neferneferuaten 1341 - 1337
- Smenkhkare (Ankhkheperure) 1337 - 1336
- Tutankhamun (Nebkheperure) 1336 - 1327
- Ay (Kheperkheperure) 1327 - 1323
- Horemheb (Djeserkheperure) 1323 - 1295
19th Dynasty
- Ramesses I (Menpehtyre) 1295 - 1294
- Seti I (Menmaatre) 1394 - 1279
- Ramesses II (Usermaatresetepenre) 1279 - 1213
- Merenptah (Baenrehotephirmaat) 1213 - 1203
- Amenmesse (Menmire) 1203 - 1200
- Seti II (Userkheperuresetepenre) 1200 - 1194
- Siptah (Akhenresetepenre) 1194 - 1188
- Tausert (Sitremeritamun) 1188 - 1186
20th Dynasty
- Setakht (Userkhauremeryamun) 1186 - 1184
- Ramesses III (Usermaatremeryamun) 1184 - 1153
- Ramesses IV (Hekamaatresetepenamun) 1153 - 1147
- Ramesses V (Usermaatresekheperenre) 1147 - 1143
- Ramesses VI (Nebmaatremeryamun) 1143 - 1136
- Ramesses VII (Usermaatresetepenre) 1136 - 1129
- Ramesses VIII (Usermaatreakhenamun) 1129 - 1126
- Ramesses IX (Neferkaresetepenre) 1126 - 1108
- Ramesses X (Khepermaatresetepenre) 1108 - 1099
- Ramesses XI (Menmaatresetepenptah) 1099 - 1069
THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
The capital moves from Tanis to Libyan, to Nubia, to Thebes, to SAIS, and then back to Nubia and Thebes.
21st Dynasty
- Smedes 1070-1044
- Amenemnisu 1040
- Psusennes I 1040-992
- Amenope 993-984
- Osochor 984-978
- Siamun 978-959
- Psusennes II 959-945
22nd Dynasty
- Shoshenq I 945-924
- Osorkon I 924-909
- Takelot 909--?
- Shoshenq II ?--883
- Osorkon II 883-855
- Takelot II 860-835
- Shoshenq III 835-783
- Pami 783-773
- Shoshenq IV 773-735
- Osorkon IV 735-712
23rd Dynasty
- Pedubaste I 828-803
- Osorkon IV 777-749
- Peftjauwybast 740-725
24th Dynasty
- Shepsesre Tefnakht I 725-720
- Wahkare Bakenranef 720-715
LATE KINGDOM
The Nubians fall under the Assyrians invasion. The Greeks help re-establish order. A renaissance in the arts of the 25th Dynasty shows a return to the Old Kingdom style.
25th Dynasty
- Shebaka 712-698
- Shebitku 698-690
- Taharqa 690-664
- Tantamani 664-657
26th Dynasty
- Psammetichus I (Psam-tik) 664-610
- Psammetichus II 610-595
- Apries 589-570
- Amasis 570-526
- Psammetichus III 526-525
27th Dynasty
- Cambyses 525-522
- Darius I 521-486
- Xerxes I 486-466
- Artaxerxes I 465-424
- Darius II 424-404
28th Dynasty
- Amyrtaios 404-399
29th Dynasty
- Nepherites I 399-393
- Psammuthis 393
- Hakoris 393-380
- Nepherites II 380
30th Dynasty
The 30th Dynasty contains the last of the Egyptian-born Pharaohs.
- Nectanebo I 380-362
- Teos 365-360
- Nectanebo II 360-343
SECOND PERSIAN PERIOD
(343-332 B.C.)
31st Dynasty
The 31st Dynasty in also known as the Second Persian Period and was added after Manetho created his list of kings..
- Ochus (Artaxerxes III) 343-338
- Arses 338-336
- Darius III Codomannus 335-332
GRECO-ROMAN PERIOD
(332 B.C. - 395 A.D.)
Macedonian Kings - Alexandria
- Alexander the Great 332-323
- Philip Arrhidaeus 323-316
- Alexander IV 316-304
Ptolemaic Dynasty
This period is confusing due to all of the co-regencies. Scholars are not always in agreement on the order of reigns and, in some case, the reigns themselves, from Ptolemy VI through Ptolemy XI. In any event, Egypt's authority and wealth was intact until the death of Cleopatra, at which time, Egypt was overpowered by Rome.
- Ptolemy I Soter I 323-285
- Ptolemy II Philadelphus 282-246
- Ptolemy III Euergeter I 246-222
- Ptolemy IV Philopator 222-205
- Ptolemy V Epiphanes 205-180
- Ptolemy VI Philometor 180-164 &
163-145
- Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 145
- Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II 170-163 &
145-116
- Cleopatra III & Ptolemy IX Soter II 116-107 & 88-80
- Cleopatra III & Ptolemy X Alexander I 107-88
- Cleopatra Berenice 81-80
- Ptolemy XI Alexander II 80
- Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 80-58 & 55-51
- Berenice IV 58-55
- Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XIII 51-47
- Cleopatra & Ptolemy XIV 47-44
- Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XV Cesarion 44-30
Roman Emperors
- Augustus 30 B.C. - 14 A.D.
- Tiberius 14-37
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