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1839.

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This document was scanned from an original copy of the American Education Society’s Quarterly Register, which served as a digest of the diverse facets in American Education and its outflowing effects worldwide. The society was comprised of leading Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth and Princeton Alumni, and served to promote the work both in the U.S. and abroad for educating the people in the Reformation’s worldview of the Bible serving as the only infallible rule of life, which, of course, was the purpose for which these schools were founded.

Dr. Appleton (b. 1772-d. 1819) served as Bowdoin's second president 1807-1819.

VOL. XI. AUGUST, 1838. No. 1.

MEMOIR OF PRESIDENT APPLETON.

SAMUEL APPLETON, a descendant of John Appleton, who died in 1436, came to America in 1635, and settled at Ipswich, Ms. He was born at Little Waldingfield, Suffolk, England, in 1586. He was admitted freeman in May, 1636, and was representative in 1637. He died in June, 1670, leaving five children. His son John, born at Little Waldingfield in 1622, was a representative from Ipswich nineteen years, and a captain. He was fined and imprisoned during the administration of Edmund Andros, for resisting the principle of taxation without representation. He died in 1700, aged 78. He married Priscilla, daughter of Rev. Jesse Glover, by whom he had two sons, John born 1652, and Jesse born 1660, a merchant of Boston. John, for twenty years judge of probate for Essex, married Elizabeth, daughter of President Rogers, and died in 1739, leaving two sons, Nathanel and Daniel, and three daughters. From Nathaniel, descended the Appletons of Portsmouth. Samuel Appleton, son of Samuel who emigrated to this country, was born at Little-Waldingfield in 1625, was representative, and in Philip’s war in 1676, was commander-in-chief of the forces. He married, first, Hannah daughter of William Paine, and, second, Mary daughter of John Oliver. He had four sons and three daughters. One of the sons, Isaac, had one son Isaac, and six daughters. Isaac died in Ipswich in 1794. One of his sons, Isaac of New Ipswich, N. H was the father of Samuel, Nathan and Ebenezer Appleton, eminent merchants of Boston. Another son, Francis, of New Ipswich, the father of President Appleton, died in January, 1816, aged 83* He was esteemed a truly excellent man, pious from early childhood, of vigorous intellect, and of a remarkably calm, sober disposition. He was a farmer in quite ordinary circumstances. So contracted, indeed, were his means, that his son, Jesse, was designed for a mechanic’s trade, had not the kind intervention of a brother promised to aid him in procuring a liberal education. His wife, the mother of the President, was a woman of strong mind and of devoted piety.

Jesse Appleton was born at New Ipswich, N. H., Nov. 17, 1772. He fitted for college in the academy of his native town , and in 1788, at the age of sixteen, entered Dartmouth College. He early gave promise of uncommonly amiable and delicate feelings, and of a vigorous intellect.

*For further particulars of the Appleton family, see Farmer’s Genealogical Register, p. 18.

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In college, he sustained a high reputation as a scholar. Deficient in no department of the course, his preference was for those studies which address the taste. As a classical scholar and writer, he was regarded as inferior to no one in his class.* It appears that at this early period, he laid the foundation of those mental habits for which he was remarkable during his life. He passed, moreover, through the temptations of college without censure or reproach, always exhibiting that delicate sense of propriety and keen moral perception which characterized his mature years.

After he left college, he was employed, for nearly two years, as an instructor of youth at Dover and Amherst, N. H. in this occupation he was highly successful. His discriminating mind, his general loveliness of character, his delicate humor, and his engaging manners, made him the ornament of the social circle, he pursued his theological studies under the direction of the venerable and eminent Joseph Lathrop, D. D. of West Springfield.† His papers of this period, comprising dissertations on various topics of theology, give evidence that he was a diligent and successful student. Few pupils in theology have won the confidence and affection of an instructor to so high a degree as did Mr. Appleton; and few returned that interest with such unmingled respect and love. Dr. Lathrop did not conceal the high hopes which he cherished of the future usefulness and eminence of his pupil. Mr. Appleton maintained, until the death of his preceptor, an uninterrupted correspondence with him, consulting him freely on the many perplexing subjects relating both to doctrine and the pastoral relation, which present themselves in the labors and studies of an active minister.

Mr. Appleton began to preach in the summer of 1795, and such was the opinion then entertained of his talents and piety, that some clergymen in Massachusetts who did not consider him as agreeing fully in sentiment with themselves, strongly recommended him to certain vacant parishes, as a candidate for settlement. During the two years that he was a candidate, he preached in several towns both in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. From Leicester, Ms., and Hampton, N. H., he received earnest invitations to settle in the ministry. He thought it to be his duty to accept the call from the latter place. He was ordained at Hampton, on the 22d of March, 1797.‡

Introduced into a new and important station, he entered upon the discharge of its duties with earnestness and a deep sense of his accountability. He became at once a close, uniform and systematic student. He had indeed already laid the foundation of those admirable habits of study which he preserved through life. In the distribution of his time, he was strictly methodical; and nothing but unavoidable avocations was allowed to intrude upon the plans which he had formed. There was an order, a regularity in his various pursuits, that beautifully corresponded with the structure of his mind and the symmetry of his character. Theology was no less from inclination than a sense of duty, the principal object of pursuit; and he left abundant evidence, not only in the reputation which he acquired while in the ministry, but in his discourses, in his communications to the religious periodicals of the time, and in his private papers, that, unwilling to confine himself within the common range of the profession, he from the

*Among his classmate, were the Rev. Dr. Porter of Andover, Rev. Zephaniah Swift of Derby, Ct., Hon. William H. Woodward, Treasurer of Dartmouth College, Rev. Joel Baker of Granville, Rev. Jonathan Ward of Plymouth, N. H., etc.

† See American Quarterly Register, x. 403, and Rev. Dr. W. B. Sprague Historial Sermon.

‡ Thus Mr. Farmer, American Quarterly Register, vi. 239. in Prof Packard’s Life of Jesse Appleton, the date is February, 1797. The preceding ministers at Hampton were Stephen Bachiler, Timothy Dalton, John Wheelwright, Seaborn and John Cotton, Nathaniel Gookin, Ward Cotton and Ebenezer Thayer.

11. MEMOIR OF PRESIDENT APPLETON.

first sought to explore the whole field of theological learning, not from motives of ambition, but rather from an ardent love of truth and a deep sense of his accountability for the use he made of the powers which had been given him, and of his means of improvement and usefulness. By the time he left Hampton, he was a theologian accomplished beyond his years.

Mr. Appleton was married in 1800 to Elizabeth, daughter of the Hon. Robert Means of Amherst, N. H.* In her he found a friend worthy of the connection, which for nearly twenty years so happily subsisted between them. They had six children, three sons and three daughters. The youngest child, a son, was very suddenly taken from them, when three years old, in October, 1817. The eldest son, a graduate of Bowdoin College, while pursuing the study of the law, under the charge of Stephen Fancy, Esq. of Cincinnati, Ohio, was seized by an attack of bilious fever, and died in October, 1830. Many cheering promises and fond hopes were thus suddenly cut off. The other children are still living. One of them is the wife of Prof. Alpheus S. Packard of Bowdoin College.

Mr. Appleton, while at Hampton, was a trustee of Phillips Academy, Exeter, and in that office manifested much activity, He was especially interested in the subject of theological education. While a parish minister, he directed the studies of several persons who were pursuing a course of theological education, and never failed of securing the highest respect and affection of his pupils. In 1803, he was one of the most prominent candidates for the chair of theology at Cambridge, an election in which the deepest interest was felt, and as the result of which Dr. Ware was chosen.

Mr. Appleton entered on his ministry, he had not formed settled opinions on some topics of theology. In a discourse delivered February 22, 1807, he remarks " In reviewing the ten years of my ministry, if any cause of self congratulation is presented, there are abundant causes of self-reproach. I have, indeed, from the beginning, preached what I believed to be the leading truths of the Bible; and if I have, of late years, insisted more than formerly, on some of its peculiar doctrines, it is because the importance of these doctrines has risen in my apprehension." Some of the more abstruse and perplexing topics of our faith he does not appear to have discussed in his sermons. This is in part, doubtless, to be ascribed to his habitual caution in the expression of opinions, which were not the result of long, patient and profound reflection and investigation. As a preacher, he was entirely free from all display of learning or study of effect. His manner was chaste, dignified, earnest and very impressive. Most of his sermons were written while he was at Hampton. Though designed for the people of a secluded parish, they were prepared with great care and accuracy. He made it a rule to write but one sermon a week. Monday being devoted to pastoral visits, he was accustomed to begin his sermon on Tuesday and end it on Friday. He also meditated his prayers. He diligently stored his mind with a great variety of materials adapted to all the occasions of pastoral duty. Those who heard him conduct the public devotions, were impressed with the profound reverence, the elevation, fervor and copiousness which characterized them.

* Mr. Means was one of the more respected merchants in the State. He died Jan. 24, 1823, in the 81st year of his age. He was born in the province of Ulster, Ireland, Aug.28, 1742. He came to this country in 1766, and acquired a large property. He married Mary, daughter of Rev. David McGregore of Londonderry. They had sons Thomas, David McGregore and Robert; and daughters, Mary, wife of Hon. Jeremiah Mason of Boston, Elizabeth, Nancy wife of Amos Lawrence of Boston, Jane and Mary Ann, who died in 1804 and 1824.—5 Coll. New Hampshire Historical Society, p. 103.

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Besides the composition of his sermons, he also contributed to some of the religious periodical publications of the time. He was instrumental in establishing a work called the Piscataqua Evangelical Magazine, which was conducted by a number, of clergymen associated for the purpose. He was also an able contributor to the Panoplist, chiefly on points of doctrine. His favorite signatures were Leighton and Owen.

In 1807, on the decease of the Rev. Dr. McKeen, the first President of Bowdoin College, Mr. Appleton was chosen his successor. After much and anxious deliberation, he concluded to accept the appointment. He was inaugurated in December, 1807, and entered immediately on the duties of his office. He thus exchanged a life of comparative quiet, for one of unceasing solicitude and oftentimes of embarrassment and perplexity. The office of President of any of our colleges, at any time, is not one of mere literary ease and honor. But in the early part of the present century, there were certain habits prevalent in society, which made the office in question one of peculiar perplexity and hardship. Ardent spirits, then a very common beverage, were the source of innumerable troubles in college, and were not infrequently the cause of the utter ruin of some of the most promising scholars. Bowdoin College was then in its infancy, situated in a remote part of New England, in a district of an older and somewhat distant State. The value of a liberal education was not, at that time, so generally appreciated, its advantages being confined to a great extent to the sons of the rich. The funds of the college were, moreover, small and in an embarrassed state. A large part of them consisted of unproductive lands in the wilderness.

President Appleton, however, undertook the labors of his office with alacrity, and gave to them all his energies. " On entering college," he remarked in his Inaugural Address, " a student does, in fact, form a contract with the governors of the institution. They promise to instruct and guard him with parental care; he, on his part, stipulates obedience to the laws, docility, application and correct habits. When every transgression and disobedience receives a just recompence of reward, there is no cause of complaint; nothing takes place but what, at the time of entering, into the agreement, it was understood should take place." Further on he remarks: "I tremble under the solemn conviction of the high accountability of that office on which I am entering—a conviction that the usefulness of the students in time, and their character through eternity, may be affected, greatly affected, by the manner in which the executive officers of college discharge their duty."

President Appleton brought to his work a deep sense of responsibility both for the literary reputation, and the moral and religious welfare of those under his care. He also possessed great integrity, firmness, discretion, true love of learning, cultivated taste, and a delicacy and refinement of character, which are hardly ever surpassed. Such a man could not but gain the respect and affection both of the students and of his associates in the government.

There being no professor of intellectual and moral philosophy, or of rhetoric and oratory, the care of these departments devolved, for the most part, upon president Appleton, and during the greater portion of his official career, he conducted the exercises of the students in both of them. Instruction in Butler’s Analogy and in Paley’s Evidences, was always his peculiar province. His decided predilection for those studies which relate to the intellectual and moral nature of man, imparted to the recitations in those departments, as conducted by him, a high degree of interest and

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success. The text-books, besides the two just mentioned, were Locke on the Human Understanding, and Dugald Stewart’s Elements of intellectual Philosophy. Mr. Appleton never permitted himself to enter the class—room without having thoroughly investigated the subject of the lesson. He usually conducted such investigations with pen in hand; and to insure precision and clearness on his part, he was accustomed to write his questions in the margin of his book. These were framed with much care and skill, so as to fix the attention more on the subject under discussion, than on the author. The students well knew, that ignorance or sloth could not escape the severe scrutiny they were obliged to undergo. The recitation in Butler’s Analogy, in particular, can never be forgotten by the pupils of president Appleton. The most severe and trying exercise in the whole range of the collegiate course, it was nevertheless always anticipated with deep interest, as one which would open new fields of thought, of great importance to the development of mental and moral character. This anticipation was cherished, riot only on account of the inestimable value of the text-book, but also on account of the well-known interest, and the profound insight of the great topics brought into discussion, always exhibited by the instructor. It may be said with truth, that his patient assiduity and skill gave to the majority of his classes a clear apprehension of the great truths of the Analogy, as well as a familiarity with them, far beyond what would be generally supposed.

President Appleton was fond of classical studies, and read the best authors, both Latin and Greek, with accuracy and taste. He took a deep interest in this department of the college course, and excelled as an instructor in it. At different times, he heard the recitations in most of the Latin and Greek authors at that period read in our colleges, and his manner of conducting these exercises was marked by the peculiarities already have been already noted. To the passage he always gave a thorough examination ; minute accuracy in the forms and syntax was required, as also in the prosody, a point then and now too much neglected. The partiality of the President for Livy, was proverbial among the students, who were wont to say, that were an edict published, requiring all other books to he destroyed, next after the Bible, with Butler in one pocket, and Livy in another, he would be content.

President Appleton had excellent habits as an instructor. No languor, no indifference, no disposition to hurry through a task, was ever apparent in him. he was remarkably punctual. Nothing but urgent necessity prevented him from being in his place at the appointed time. His uncommon dignity of manner, his superior powers of intellect, his thorough scholarship and pure taste, with the entire absence of all parade and affectation, always commanded the utmost confidence and respect of the students. His manner, though dignified, was kind and conciliating. His success in communicating instruction was correspondent to his eminent qualifications. "That the peculiar character of his intellect was not unfelt in the seminary," remarks the Rev. Dr. Nichols of Portland, "is evidenced, in no slight degree, by the comments which gentlemen of intelligence have so often made upon the literary performances of those who were educated under his care. Sobriety, good sense, and manly expression, have generally distinguished these exhibitions to an extent, it may some times have been deemed, not only unusual, but premature; an opinion doubtless just, had the more essential excellencies of composition, which have been mentioned, been cultivated, to the neglect of his imagination."

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President Appleton had great uniformity and firmness in administering the discipline of the institution. So far as was practicable, he maintained a familiar acquaintance with the standing of every student ; so that whenever there were appearances of deterioration in any one, the proper remedy might be promptly applied. His supervision of the operations of the whole system was universal and unremitting. His warnings and counsels, conveyed with parental solicitude and kindness, not unfrequently excited feelings of the liveliest gratitude, of which he subsequently received many testimonials. Near the end of his life he declared that he had never repented a decision in regard to college discipline, except in one instance, when he yielded to the wishes of his associates, and the event proved, that the opinion which he had previously formed was correct. His interest in the students was not confined to official intercourse. Many can recall to mind frequent acts of kindness, always conferred in the most delicate manner, experienced from him and his family. The sick were cheered by their active sympathy, and, in some instances, even where there was no peculiar claim, were taken to his house and nursed with tender care.

Dr. Appleton, from the first, conducted an exercise in the Scriptures on Sabbath evening in the chapel, in which all the students participated. Several volumes of his questions, in manuscript, used on these occasions, interspersed with occasional remarks, and prepared with characteristic care, are yet preserved. Most of his theological lectures, delivered in the chapel, on Thursday afternoon, are preserved in the college library, in three bound volumes.

His private journal shows how absorbing was his interest in the moral and: religious welfare of the college. Under date of July 17, 1808, he says: "1 had hopes that my preaching might be the occasion of exciting some serious attention among the students. I have used some exertion with that design. Hitherto an infinitely wise and holy God has not seen fit to give any success. Every effort seems to have failed. But it is all right. 0 God, thou hast done well. Many whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose have met greater discouragements. I would not yet despond. I would yet hope in God. To human apprehension, what amazing good would result from a revival of religion at this college! It would be communicated to the people here, and, through the students, to places far distant. But surely God has a more comprehensive view of matters than I have, and my ignorance cannot direct his infinite wisdom. Lord, enable me to do my duty!" Again, Oct. 10, 1813: "As to the college, the dealings of God have been mysterious. A year since Mr. Southgate* was here, lull of zeal and Christian excellence. He made great exertions for the salvation of the students. From these exertions I had much hope. But God has been pleased, in infinite wisdom, I doubt not, to remove him. He fell sweetly asleep in Jesus. C—, a pious student, where is he? Sick, and I fear will never return. 0 God, thy footsteps are not known. Righteous are thou, when I plead with thee, when I talk of thy judgements. We have recently admitted one pious student, and hope for another. 0 Lord, how much does he need divine support! I pray thee, 0 God, to give him ardent, but well-regulated zeal! Give him prudence, cheerfulness and resolution. Lord, send us more of this character. Excite Christians to pray for us, and to use their influence for us. But what is their influence without thine?"

* See American Quarterly Register, viii. 115.

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mercies, which still continue in abundance, God has been pleased, as I trust, to visit several of the students with his saving health. We do hope, that at least six of the number have been transformed by the renewing of the mind. A few others are serious, but we fear concerning them. The seriousness has been attended with silent but deep anxiety, which has gradually given way to hope—a hope, feeble and intermitting, but slowly acquiring strength. This is a great thing, a very great thing. It is what we hare been long praying and longing for. To be sure, we did, a few weeks ago, hope that more would be done. But blessed be God that he has done so much. A third of the students, or very nearly that proportion, it is now hoped, are pious. It is but a little while since we had none of this description. When I review what I wrote Oct. 10,1813, and compare the state of college then with what it is now, I am constrained to say, that the Lord hath done great things! Oh may those, who hope that Christ is formed in them, manifest, by the suavity of their temper, and the purity and prudence and holiness of their lives, the power and excellence of religion!"

This solicitude for the students was never more apparent than at the annual commencements. On no occasion did he appear to so much advantage himself. Apart from his anxiety in respect to the bearing which the exercises might have upon the reputation of the college, he made it evident by his prayers, and especially by the address which he was accustomed to deliver to the graduating class at the close of the exercises before conferring the degrees, that he sympathized with his pupils who were just about to leave his care, with minds excited by the circumstances of the occasion, and full of hope and joy. his solicitude, indeed, for the college never slumbered.

His motto was, "College first, family and friends next."

In addition to the perplexing cares and the multiplied labors of the presidency, Dr. Appleton preached much, and discharged a great amount of pastoral duty for the Congregational society in Brunswick. His presence was sought in ecclesiastical councils, especially when perplexing questions were likely to occur. That his services were highly valued, was evident by the frequency with which they were solicited. Within a few years, he was invited to preach, not only before the Bible, Missionary, Education and Peace Societies of Maine, and repeatedly at meetings of citizens, associated to suppress immoralities and to promote the better observance of the Sabbath, but also before the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, of which he was a member, before the Legislature of Massachusetts at the annual election, before the Convention of the Congregational clergy of Massachusetts, before the Massachusetts Society for the Suppression of Intemperance, and, had his health permitted, he would in the year in which he died, have addressed the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. He also preached several ordination sermons. He received the honorary degree of Doctor in Divinity from Dartmouth College, and, in 1810, the same honor from Harvard University. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

But we have now reached the close of his honorable and useful life. The effects of his excessive labors and his habits of unremitted application, upon a system which was not invigorated and refreshed by useful exercise, soon became too apparent. About the time of his losing a very dear son, in October, 1817, he took a severe cold, from the effects of which he never entirely recovered. No serious apprehensions were, however, entertained respecting him until early in 1819, when, greatly to the concern of his personal friends, and the friends of the college, he gave too plain indications

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of the assaults of disease. His complaints were a slight cold, great hoarseness and debility. His symptoms indicated a disease of the larynx, which advanced with fearful rapidity. He was unable to preside in the college exhibition in May. It was hoped that a journey which he took in the spring vacation, as far as Amherst, N. H., would produce a favorable change. From this place he addressed a letter to the students, full of the tenderest affection and the most impressive warnings. He soon after returned to Brunswick, his health not essentially improved. During the summer and the first part of autumn, hopes of his restoration were at times indulged. On the 12th of October, a profuse hemorrhage rendered his recovery entirely hopeless.

It was mercifully ordered, that his illness should not be attended with severe pain; and that until the last few days of his life, he should be in the entire possession of his understanding. He enjoyed in a greater degree than in health, the consolations and hopes of the gospel. He often said, " Of this I am sure, that salvation is all of grace." " I would make no mention of any thing which I have ever thought, or said, or done; but only of this, that God so loved the world as to give his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on him should not perish but have everlasting life. The atonement is the only ground of hope." In general, I am quite comfortable; but not uniformly so, though I have seldom what may be called distress or great anxiety. I have sometimes sweet views of God’s holy providence. But I am, indeed, a poor sinner, lying at the foot of sovereign mercy. Most emphatically, and from my soul, do I renounce all hope in any thing done by myself as a ground of justification. I fly, I fly with my whole soul to the blood of a crucified Saviour." In a letter of July 1st to the Rev. Dr. Tappan of Augusta, he writes: "I am not indifferent to life. How can I be with such a family as I have; so young and so dependent on parental attention and guidance? But the event is with God; and I hope, that I am willing it should be so. I am not very anxious as to the event. I hope it is my desire that Christ may be honored, whether by my life or by my death" In an interview with a ministerial friend, he says : " I have been the happiest man in the world in my domestic connections. I have endeavored faithfully to instruct my children, and they have conducted so as greatly to endear themselves to me. I shall leave them but little property, but they will be in the hands of Him who made them. God has been uniformly good to me all my life, and it would now be very unreasonable for me to be unwilling to obey his summons." From the window of his chamber he frequently looked at the college buildings. One day, while fixing his eye upon them, he exclaimed, "Precious objects have ye been to me, but I resign you all for my God." The inquiry was made, if he did not find satisfaction in the thought, that the happiness of heaven would never end. " Connect with it," he replied, "the thought of perfect holiness, and it is a glorious thought indeed." At another time, after exclaiming, " Worthy is the Lamb that was slain, to receive glory, and honor, and riches, and blessing," he added, "there is joy in that song." Again, he declared, that he had most vivid and affecting apprehensions of the loveliness of the Saviour, and that in secret communion with him he often found himself using such expressions as "dear Jesus." [ Boldface added, Willison ed.] " You know," said he, "I do not approve of such modes of address; but my views of his preciousness at times are so overpowering, that I feel constrained to adopt them."

During the greater part of the last five days, his mind was somewhat disordered; although at times he appeared perfectly rational, and uttered

17 MEMOIR OF PRESIDENT APPLETON.

many interesting expressions. At length, after a long and painful struggle, about eight o’clock in the evening, Nov. 24, 1819, he fell asleep in Jesus. The knell of the chapel bell, which broke the stillness of the evening, announcing to the college family and the neighborhood his departure, fell with leaden weight on many hearts.

Every mark of respect was paid to his memory. A sermon was preached at his funeral by the Rev. Dr. Benjamin Tappan of Augusta. Prayers were offered by the Rev. Dr. Eliphalet Gillet of Hallowell. The body was deposited, with many sighs and tears, in the ancient cemetery, a mile south from the college plain. In the year following, it was removed to the new cemetery, opened in the pine grove in the rear of the colleges. A nv~rbIe monument was erected over it by the Boards of college, with an appropriate Latin inscription prepared by Prof. Newman.

Soon after the death of President Appleton, a volume was published containing some of his theological lectures, and a few sermons, with a sketch of his life and character by Dr. Tappan of Augusta. Another volume, containing his Baccalaureate Addresses, was also published. In 1837, Messrs. Gould and Newman, of Andover, published in two large and elegant octavo volumes, The Works of President Appleton, embracing his course of Theological Lectures, his Academic Addresses, and a selection from his Sermons, with a Memoir of his Life and Character by Prof. Packard. To this well-prepared memoir we are principally indebted for the preceding brief sketch of Dr. Appleton’s life, as well as for the language in which it is communicated. These two volumes are among the richest presents which have ever been communicated to our religious public. For further particulars respecting President Appleton’s character, consult American Quarterly Register, vol. viii. p. 105, American Biblical Repository, vol. iii. p. 59, and a recent number of the Literary and Theological Review, where his works are reviewed by Dr. Tappan.