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The following are Iron Cross 2nd and 1st Class recipient experiences.


Dr. Kurt Oelsner

Dr. Kurt Oelsner was a surgeon by training. Drafted in November 1939 he became part of the Infanteriedivision 299, formed in Wehrbereich IX in Kassel. Attached to the Stab of the Pionierbataillon 299 he participated in the invasion of the Soviet Union as part of Heeresgruppe Sued.

With his division he participated in the battle for Kiew and many other engagements which earned him the Iron Cross 2nd Class in December 1941. He served with ID 299 until its dissolution in June 1944 and was transferred to France. Unfortunately, attempts made so far to trace his unit in France have been unsuccessful.

Iron Cross 2nd Class Document A T-34 destroyed by Kurt's unit, the turret
was blown off by close combat weapons.

At The end of the war he held the rank of Oberstabsarzt and was head of a Feldlazarett, which he surrendered to the US Army in April 1945 near the town of Aichach in Bavaria. He did so against the orders of a determined Waffen SS unit nearby, who had decided to blow the bridges west of Aichach and resist the American advance. More concerned with the welfare of his wounded, he personally removed the charges from the bridges and dispatched an officer to negotiate the surrender with the advancing Americans. To avoid capture and possible execution by the SS and German authorities, he was hidden away by the town mayor until the Americans arrived and the SS moved out.

This was just one of many thousands of small dramas that took place in the final days of WWII. These events are well documented by papers he had to present during the denazification hearings that followed the war. Because of this act and the dire need for doctors to take care of the German civilian population after the cessation of hostilities, Kurt Oelsner was fortunate enough not to spend a single day in a POW camp.

After the war he settled with his family in Frankfurt/M, where they had lived before the war (but were bombed out of their house in late 1943). He continued to practice as an MD in Frankfurt until his death in 1987.

By Egbert Schillings


Siegfried Knappe

As a young artillery Leutnant Sigfried Knappe participated in the invasion of France as part of Army Group Kleist. He was decorated for actions that took place on the night of June 14, 1940, in the Paris area, south of Tremblay, at the Ourcq canal.
A group of French Sailors had apparently not been informed of the decision to declare Paris an open city and were defending a bridge with machine guns from a house across the canal. After German infantry failed to clear the area with mortar fire, Artillery support was requested. Though Leutnant Knappe was the Battalion Adjutant and it was not his duty to man the gun, he moved up to the front with the infantry. Because the area was wooded the 105mm gun had to be brought up and fired almost at point blank range directly into the house. The German infantry was hidden behind a building by the bridge, where the gun was maneuvered, but in order to fire all seven crew members would be exposed to machine gun fire. On the mark the gun was moved, aimed, and fired. Three of the seven crew members were wounded but the machine gun nest was destroyed, opening the road for the infantry. Leutnant Knappe was wounded with a bullet entering on the back of his hand and exiting through his wrist. He was evacuated and for his bravery received the Iron Cross 2nd Class on June 19, as well as the Black Wound Badge for his wounds.Leutnant Knappe would go on to fight in the Russian and Italian fronts. While participating in the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, he would receive the Iron Cross 1st class for his bravery, in particular for leading artillery attacks from forward positions. He would also be wounded an additional two times in the course of his career. After attending General Staff College he would climb to the rank of Major and ended the war fighting in Berlin on General Weidlings staff. After surviving Russian captivity, he moved to the U.S. with his family and has written a book about his experiences.



Siegfried Knappe in Berlin, 1942. The mounted group had the Iron Cross 2nd Class and the Medal for Occupation of the Sudetenland. Below it are the Iron Cross 1st Class and the General Assault Badge. The Black Wound Badge is under the Iron Cross 1st Class but can not be seen in this picture.





Georg Wiefenberger
Memorial card for Georg Wiefenberger, a veteran of Poland, Belgium, France and Russia and Iron Cross 2nd Class recipient. Fallen on the Eastern Front on January 19, 1943.



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