Phase I Teacher Preparation:

Substrate Materials

           1) Measure and mark the depth of each substrate (6cm) on the inside perimeter of each loaf pan before filling.  One
                loaf pan should be additionally marked at 2 cm intervals and set aside.

           2) Fill 2 pans with sand, one with modelling clay, one with quick cement (follow manufacturers directions-you can use
                wax paper to line the pan, first), one with gravel and the last with 2cm of cement, 2 cm of gravel and 2 cm of sand
                (layer these three materials in the order given, using the 2 cm intervals marked on the inside perimeter of the sixth
                pan.

           3) Identify and mark the center of the long side of the loaf pan at a height of 3cm, this is where the mass will make
               contact.

Pendulum and Ring Stand
(see diagram below)

         1) Measure and cut six equal lengths of string-The strings should be approximately 55cm in length.
         2) Set the ring so that the bottom of the ring is 50cm from the table surface.
         3) Attach one end of the string to bottom of ring and tape it in place.
         4) Attach the 50g mass to the other end of the string at a pproximately 47cm, the mass, at rest should be at the mid-mark
              of the loaf pan.
         5)  Adjust the protractor so that the string, at rest, aligns with the 0 mark.
     

Bottles

           Bottles should be clean, dry, capped and easy to balance.

Note:  Once the apparatus is in place, it is important that the teacher check both the lengths of string and the placement of the loaf pans.  All strings should be equal in length (47cm) and the placement of the pans should be identical with regard to the pendulum.  Check the placement of the pans by lining up the mass at rest with the contact point on the pan.

Please remember that any variation in the set up of equipment or experiment might lead to corresponding variations in data.