A + Certification
Day two
Daniel Berry
Computer Acronyms
Okay here are the
real Computer Acronyms
AGP Accelerated Graphics
Port
ALU Arithmetic and Logic
Unit
AMR Audio Modem Riser
ASCII American Standard Code
for Information Interchange
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
CISC Complex (Complete) Instruction
Set Computer
COBOL Common Business Oriented
Language
CPU Central Processing Unit
DOS Disk Operating System
DSL Direct Swift Link
EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter
FAT File Allocation Table
FLOPS Floating-point operations
per second
FSB Front Side Bus
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IDE Integrated Drive Electronics
ISA Industry Standard Architecture
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
OS Operating System
PCI Peripheral Component Interface
RAM Random Access Memory
ROM Read Only Memory
SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Input and output devices
Input Devices
Any device that sends data to the CPU ( keyboard, mouse, joystick)
Output Devices
Classification for Computers
Supercomputers
The Cray T3E-1350 system
CPU: 2,000 675MHz EV5.6 64 bit Microprocessors
Memory: 1,000,000 MB (1 terabyte)
Use: Predicting weather, using complex models
Mainframes
Mainframe is an industry term for a large computer, typically manufactured by a large company such as IBM for the commercial applications of Fortune 1000 businesses and other large-scale computing purposes.
Minicomputers
Minicomputers are smaller and less expensive than mainframes. Although they may be accessed by a number of different users just as mainframes are, there are usually fewer access sites and the access sites are usually located in closer proximity to the minicomputer.
Workstations
Workstations are microcomputers in that they are based on a microprocessor. And, like other microcomputers, they are designed to be used by one person at a time. However, workstations are usually faster than PCs, often have more storage then PCs, and may use more complex and powerful operating systems than PCs. Workstations are often used for scientific tasks or for managing detailed design and graphics tasks.
Microcomputers /PCs (Personal Computers)
Microcomputers are the most common computer found. They vary in power and size a great deal, depending on their use.
Portables
These are similiar to Microcomputers, but have less power, cost more, and take up less space.
Input-Process-output-storage cycle
This is the cycle which the computer uses to do work.
Binary, code and ASCII
Binary Code is a language computers used to use, representing data with 0s and 1, it takes 8 of these 0s or 1s to create a character. ASCII is the standard used to sort the )'s and 1s into characters.
Bit, Nibble, and Byte
A bit is the smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit has a single binary value, either 0 or 1.
A nibble is four bits or half of an eight-bit byte.
A byte is a unit of information that is eight bits long. A byte is the unit most computers use to represent a character such as a letter, number, or typographic symbol (for example, "h", "4", or "-").
Types of Operating Systems
Text: DOS, UNIX
GUI: Windows, Mac
Multi-user
Multiprocessing
Real-time
MS-DOS
Common file names extensions
.bat
.com
.sys
.ini
.exe
.jpg
.bmp
.gif
.mpg
These are used to tell the OS which program to use with the file. Mac does not use file names extensions.
Booting steps
POST
ROM BIOS
IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS
CONFIG.SYS
COMMAND.SYS
AUTOEXEC.BAT
MS-DOS COMMANDS 6.22
ATTRIB DIR PROMPT CLS ERASE RENAME (REN) COPY FC TIME DATE MORE DELETE MOVE VER
32 bit Wndows COMMANDS (used in DOS Mode)
FDISK
FORMAT
Format is a DOS based
utility that allows you to wipe floppy and hard disk drives clean of information,
establish a directory structure and include system and data files to the drive
for start-up procedures from the DOS Command Prompt (C:\>).
FORMAT /Q - Performs a quick format.
FAT
File Allication Table - 16 bit
Supports smaller drives, below 1GB (for DOS, windows)
FAT32
File Allication Table - 32 bit
Support larger drives, above 1 GB (for DOS, windows
NTFS
New Technology File Server (for NT)
