Cognitive Psychology Quiz #6

1) What is it called when we build our memories out of what we actually remember and our past knowledge?

a. Schematic Memories

b. Memory reconstruction

c. Intrusion

d. Inattention

2) Information that we have in our memories that represent a typical member of a category is called what?

a. Schema

b. Theme

c. Target

d. Source

3) True or False, Inattention can cause intrusion errors?

a. True

b. False

4) What is an intrusion error?

a. When we forget some vital aspect of a situation.

b. When we modify our schema to fit the current situation.

c. When we add details to a memory that weren't really there.

d. When we use our background knowledge to create the most accurate memory possible.

5) What is hindsight bias?

a. Always 20/20

b. When we incorrectly remember our view of something in the past because of knowledge of the outcome.

c. When we tend to let our past memories interfere with our present memory, causing source confusion.

d. When we remember more distant memories more accurately than recent memories.

6) Which of the following will most likely be remembered best?

a. A feature that is schema consistent, but salient (draws your attention).

b. A feature that is schema inconsistent, but salient (draws your attention).

c. A feature that is not salient, but is schema inconsistent.

d. A feature that is schema consistent, but not salient.

7) Which of the following is NOT one of the popular theories of forgetting?

a. Decay

b. Interference

c. Retrieval Failure

d. Inattention

e. b and d

8) The study that showed that people remembered better after sleeping than an equivalent time awake, showed evidence for which theory of forgetting?

a. Decay

b. Interference

c. Retrieval Failure

d. Inattention

9) The fact that we sometimes remember things after having "forgot" them supports which theory of forgetting?

a. Decay

b. Interference

c. Retrieval Failure

d. Inattention

10) The fact that 32% of people questioned about a video of an accident saw broken glass when asked about the cars "smashing" into each other compared to 14% who were asked about the cars "hitting" into each other is evidence for the problem of what?

a. Misinformation Effect

b. Source Confusion

c. Weapon Focus

d. Leading Questions

11) The fact that people can be induced to "remember" things that didn't occur through extensive questioning and assertions of incorrect "facts" is evidence for the problem of what?

a. Misinformation Effect

b. Source Confusion

c. Leading Questions

d. Weapon Focus

12) Which of the following is the name given to the phenomenon that we remember things we say and do better (in general) than things others say and do?

a. Biased Retrieval Effect

b. Flashbulb Memories

c. Self-reference Effect

d. Self-schema reconstruction Effect

13) What is one problem unique to the phenomenon in #12?

a. Intrusion Errors

b. Biased Retrieval

c. Self-reference Effect

d. Self-schema reconstruction Effect

14) True or false, the Weapon Focus phenomena can lead to inattention and inaccurate eyewitness accounts.

a. True

b. False

15) Which of the following are examples of Flashbulb Memories?

a. Kennedy Assassination

b. Challenger Explosion

c. 9/11 Terrorist Attacks

d. All of the above

16) True or false, Flashbulb Memories never change.

a. True

b. False

17) The process by which activation travels in long-term memory retrieval is called:

a. Response threshold

b. Spreading Activation

c. Associative Spreading

d. None of the above

18) True or false, It is often hypothesized that there is an associative set of links in memory that connect similar memories and knowledge into an associative network.

a. True

b. False

19) Which of the following nodes is NOT likely to be activated by the word alarm?

a. Wake

b. Fire

c. Dog

d. Clock

20) What is the T.O.T. phenomenon (p.257)?

a. When you just about remember a word, but can't quite get it.

b. When you activate all of the nodes that are totally encased in one central node.

c. When the testing of theory creates new knowledge.

d. None of the above

Answers:

1)B 2)A 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)B 7)D 8)B 9)C 10)D

11)A 12)C 13)B 14)A 15)D 16)B 17)B 18)A 19)C 20)A