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In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful .
Wudu (Ablution)
. "Whoever works righteousness, man or woman, and has faith, verily to him will We give a new life that is good and pure, and We will bestow on such their reward according to their actions." (Qur'an 16:97)
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Wuduu, ablution, is one of the
prerequisites of Salaah. Allah declares:
"O believers, when you get up for prayer, wash up your faces and your hands up to the elbows and wipe your heads and wash your feet up to the ankles..." (Al-Quran, 5:6)
One performs Wuduu with clean water in the following procedure:
Bring in the heart Niyyah, (intention) for Wuduu, say it in the mind, not aloud.
Then say silently "Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem," in the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, said, "There is no wudu for him who does not mention Allah's name upon it." [Reported by Ibn Maajah, At-Tirmidhee, Abu Dawood and others.]Starting with the right hand, wash both hands up to the wrist three times.
Rinse the mouth, using the index finger, all about the mouth three times. This procedure is known as Madmadah.
Clean the nostrils by sniffing water and blowing it out three times. This is known as Istinshaaq and Istinthaar, respectively.
'Amr ibn Yahyaa, radhi Allahu'anhu, said, "And he (the Prophet, salla allahu alayhi wa salaam) washed his mouth and nose using three handfuls of water." [Muslim]Wash the face three times. The face is what is between the forehead and chin, and ear to ear.
'Uthmaan, radhi Allahu'anhu, called for water to make wudu and so mentioned the way in which the Prophet made wudu, he washed his face three times. [Al-Bukhari, Muslim]Take a handful of water and put it under your jaw and pass it through the beard. Prophet Muhammad, salla Allahu alayhi wa salaam, said, "This is what my Lord, Allah, ordered me to do." [Related by abu Dawud, al-Baihaqi and al-Hakim]
Wash the arms up to the elbows, three times. Begin with the right arm.
'Uthmaan, radhi Allah'anhu called for water for wudu and mentioned the Prophet's way of making wudu, then he washed his right arm including the elbow three times, then the left in the same way. [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]Rub the head with wet hands in a front to back motion, once.
It is recorded in sahih hadith that the Prophet, peace be upon him, use to wipe his head in three different ways. The Prophet wiped his head with his two hands, moving them forwards and backwards - beginning with the front of the head and (wiping) with them up to his nape then he returned them to the place from which he began. [Sahih Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At-Tirmithee, and others]Men who wear a head piece that is difficult to remove (such as a turban) should wipe over the head covering. Do this one time.
Amr ibn Umayyah, radhi Allahu'anhu said, "I saw Rasoolullah wipe over his turban and leather socks." [Reported by Al-Bukhari and others]
If part of the head is uncovered and it is normally so, then it is preferable to wipe over the part that is uncovered along with the turban. Do this one time.
Shu'bah, radhi Allahu'anhu said, "The Messenger of Allah made wudu and wiped over the front portion of his scalp, his turban and his socks." [Muslim]It is permissible to wipe over your hijab (head scarf) in certain circumstances. This would be if you have no private place for wudu (where non-mahram men may see you). Do this one time.
Umm Salamah, radhi Allahu'anha, used to wipe over her head cover.With the water left on your hands from wiping your head, wipe your ears by putting the tips of your index fingers into your ears, twist them around the folds of the ears then pass the thumb behind the ears from the bottom, upwards. Do this one time.
Prophet Muhammad, salla Allahu alayhi wa salaam, wiped his head and his ears, the interior and exterior, while making ablution. He also put his finger inside his ear. [Related by Abu Dawud and at-Tahawi]
There is nothing in the Sunnah which obligates taking fresh water for the ears - therefore he should wipe them along with the water for the head - just as it is also permissible to wipe the head with the water remaining from that of the arms after washing them according to the hadeeth of Ar-Rabee' bint Mu'awwidh that the Prophet (salla Allahu 'alayhi wa salaam) "wiped his head with water remaining in his hand". [Reported by Abu Dawood and others with hasan isnad]Use the right hand to wash the right foot up to and including the ankle. Use the right hand pinkie finger to wash between the toes. Repeat three times. Then use the left hand to wash the left foot up to and including the ankle. Use the left hand pinkie finger to wash between the toes. Repeat three times.
Prophet Muhammad, salla Allahu alayhi wa salaam, washed his right foot till he reached the shin, then he washed the left foot till he reached the shin. [Reported by Muslim]
When the Prophet, salla Allahu alayhi wa salaam, made wudu he would enter the water between his toes with his little finger. [Reported by Abu Dawood, at-Tinnidhee, and Ibn Maajah]As one finishes washing the left foot, one says the following Du'aa:
| Ash hadu allaa ilaaha ill | ............... | I bear witness that there is no deity |
| Allah, wahadahuu laa shareeka | but Allah. He is one and has no | |
| laha. Wa ashahdu anna | associate. And I bear witness that | |
| Muhammadan 'abduhuu wa | Muhammad is His servant and | |
| rasuuluhu. Allaahumma | Messenger. O Allah, join me with those | |
| j'alnee minat tawwaabeena | who repent of their sins again and | |
| waj'alnee minal mutatahireen | again, and join me with those who keep themselves | |
| neat and clean at all times |
When following the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad, salla Allahu
alayhi wa salaam, of using just one mudd of water for wudu, then
there should really be no need to dry yourself. It is permissible
to dry yourself as there are no authentic hadeeth to prevent it
and the Prophet, peace be upon him, did dry himself sometimes.
Aishah, radhi Allahu'anha, said, "Rasoolullah had a cloth
which he used to dry himself with after making wudu." [Reported
by an-Nasa'i]
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Wudu
is Waajib (obligatory) if one intends to do the following duties:
Salaah, whether it is Fard or Sunnah prayer, including the Funeral Prayer. This is in accordance to the Sunnah, and the verse mentioned above. The Prophet said: "Allah will not accept a prayer without purification. .." (Muslim)
Tawaaf, circumambulation around the Ka'abah. In Hadeeth the Prophet said: "Tawaaf is a prayer except that Allah allows speaking in it. But whoever speaks should not speak but good." (Tirmidhee)
Touching Al-Mushaf, Al-Quran. Al-Quran should not be touched except by one who has Wuduu. This is in accordance with the Hadeeth in which the Prophet said: "Al-Quran should not be touched except by the one who is in purification." (An-Nasaaie)
Besides, Wuduu is highly recommended before every good act in which one seeks Allah's blessings, such as making Wuduu before Dhikrillah, the remembrance of Allah by reciting Tasbih, and before going to bed.
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Annulment of
Wuduu (Nawaaqidul wuduu)
Nawaaqidul Wuduu are the factors that render Wuduu invalid, and when that happens Wuduu should be redone. These factors include:
Occurrance of Al-Hadath, the impurity, whether it is a minor or major impurity, such as the discharge of urine, excrement, semenal discharge, and wind.
Menstruation and the childbirth blood.
Deep sleep.
Being unconscious for any reason.
Touching one's privates without a cover.
In the case of sexual intercourse, a semenal discharge, menstruation, and the childbirth blood, Ghusl is necessary. For wind, deep sleep, and physical contact with ones privates, one needs only to make a fresh Wuduu. As for urine and excrement, Istinjaa, washing with water, is needed before making Wuduu.
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Touching a
female without a cover does not nullify Wuduu. A'aishah related
that: "I used to sleep in front of the Prophet (while he was
praying), my two feet in his direction, when he prostrates he
touches me, and I contract my feet." (Muslim)
Issue of blood from any part of the body, other than the two bottom openings, does not nullify Wuduu. In Hadeeth related by Al-Hasan, Prophet Muhammad said: "The Muslims have not ceased to pray in their wounds." (Al-Bukhaaree)
If someone doubts whether he nullified his Wuduu or not, his doubt will not invalidate his Wuduu, unless he is absolutely sure about it. According to Abu Hurairah, the Prophet said: "If anyone of you feels something in his stomach, and he is not sure whether he discharged something or not, he should not leave the Masjid until he hears sound or smells odor." (Muslim/Abu Daawuud)
A decent conversation is allowed during Wuduu, for there is no Sunnah that prevents it.
The presence of a cover or shield on the parts of the body cleaned by Wuduu, such as nail polish or any of the beauty products that may shield the nails or skin and prevent water from reaching them, invalidates Wuduu. However, if these products do not prevent water from reaching these body parts, the Wuduu is valid.
The woman who has a prolonged flow of blood, known as Istihaadah, the person who suffers from dribbling of urine after urination, the one who suffers from a constant escape of wind - all these people should make Wuduu for every Salaah.
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Wiping the
socks in wuduu (mashaul khuffain)
Al-Islaam, as a sign of grace and facility, has allowed a Muslim to wipe over the socks with wet hands for the purpose of Wuduu, if the socks have been worn after performing a Wuduu where the feet were washed. One may wipe over the socks for a day and night if one is staying, and three days if one is on a journey.
Humaam An-Nakha'ee (r.'a.) related: "Jareer bin Abdullah (r.'a.) urinated and then made wuduu and wiped on his khuffs (leather socks), so he was asked: You do that after urination? Jareer answered: Yes, I saw the Prophet (s.a.s.) urinate and then made Wuduu and wiped on his socks." (Muslim/Al-Bukhaaree)
Originally, wiping is allowed on special leather slippers known as Al-Khuff, but by analogy with it, the following are included: woolen, nylon, cotton, and silk socks as well as stockings. However, these socks should not be transparent so as to reveal the skin or get wet while one is wiping over them.
As for the procedures of Mash, wiping on the socks in Wuduu, after one has washed up every part of Wuduu up to the ears, one needs not remove the socks; instead, one may wipe over the upper part of the socks once. One then starts wiping the feet from the toes and closes up with the ankles for each sock.
Wiping over the foot covering is allowed for
24 hours if not traveling. For the traveller it is three days and
nights.
Aishah relates about wiping over socks, "For the traveller,
three days and three nights; for the resident, one day and night"
[Reported by Ahmad, Muslim, at-Tirmidhi, an-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah;
al-Baihaqi says this is the most authentic report on this topic]
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Wiping Injured Body
Parts during Wuduu
The body parts cleaned by Wuduu or Al-Ghusl are supposed to be washed with water during purification. But if any of these parts are sick, burned, wounded, or has an abscess or tumor, and it is difficult to wash, wiping each affected part with water is required.
If the wounded part is bandaged or plastered, one should wipe over the bandage and wash the sound parts with water. If there is difficulty in doing this, Tayammum, purification using clean, dry sand or dirt, is required. .
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Making Wuduu with
Clean Earth (Tayammum)
Tayammum means to resort to pure earth as a substitute for clean water for purification. One may resort to Tayammum in the following cases:
Tayammum is performed in the following sequence:
Tayammum is a complete substitute for Wuduu and Ghusl, hence it may be used to perform anything that Tahaarah, purification, is essential for, such as Salaah, handling Al-Quran, etc.
Tayammum is annuled by anything that nullifies Wuduu, because it is a substitute for Wuduu. The availability of abundant water, or the ability to use water, also nullify Tayammum. If one has already prayed and then finds water, he does not have to repeat his prayer. If he finds water after Tayammum, but before prayer, his Tayammum is nullified and he should make fresh Wuduu.
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Purification
with Water (tahaarah)
Tahaarah, purification, can be achieved by using pure water. Pure water is that which is pure in itself and can purify anything else. Impure water is neither useful for Ghusl, complete bath, nor for ablution.
Pure water includes:
Rain water, ice water, rivers, and water from melted snow. Allah
says:
"...And We send down pure water from the sky." (Al-Quran, 25:48).
Sea water: in a Hadeeth reported by Abu-Hurairah, a man
asked the Prophet (s.a.s.):
"Sometime we may carry a little water with us in the ship
while at sea; if we use the water we may get thirsty. Can we use
the sea water for purification?" The Prophet said: "Its
water is pure and its carrion is lawful" (Tirmidhee)
Wells and Fountains; it was reported by Ali bin Abee-Taalib that the Prophet asked for a bucketful of Zamzam water from which he drank and performed Wuduu.
The water mentioned above should be free of color, taste or smell. If a color, taste or smell is noticed in the water, even if these things are pure, the water cannot be used for purification.
Water which is already used for purification may be used again if it is still pure.
When water changes spontaneously as a result of salt, mud, grass and the like from lakes, it is considered pure and can be used for purification. However, if the change is due to chemical contamination, the water cannot be used for purification.
If any impurity falls in pure water and does not change its signs of purity, it may be used for purification.
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Anas, radhi
Allah'anhu, said,
"The Prophet, peace be upon him used to make wudu with a
mudd (of water) and make ghusl with a saa' or up to five mudds."
[Muslim and others]
A saa' is equal to four mudds. A mudd is that amount of water which is held by the two hands cupped together.
I have seen people run water freely when making wudu, or running a sink basin full of water just to wash their feet during wudu. If you consider this hadith well, you would feel ashamed of how some people waste one of the bounties of Allah ta'ala these days. He who does that should fear Allah, remember this hadeeth and follow the Sunnah with regard to using the water sparingly and not being wasteful.
To get into the practice of making wudu with only a mudd of water, try finding a container that holds just one mudd of water and use this to measure your water when you make wudu. This is only a suggestion and not a requirement of making wudu.
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