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In the name of Allah,
Most Gracious, Most Merciful ..
Basic Islamic Terms
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Every way of life has its own vocabulary. This enables people to communicate about detailed topics using only a few key words. This is so very true of the Arabic language. Arabic words are so rich in meaning that sometimes there just aren't any english words that convey the true meaning of an Arabic word. Since the language of the Qur'an is in Arabic, it is important that we learn Arabic to be able to properly understand God's word. It is also important that Muslims learn the vocabulary of Islam so that we all know what we're talking about. This unites us as Muslims and brings us closer to a sense of belonging to the same community.
Below is a sampling of key words that are found on many websites, emails and message boards.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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Abdul: This means "Servant of." Many Muslims like to change their names from non-Muslim names to Muslim names. A favorite choice is Abdul. But who is the person a servant of? You must always have something after "Abdul." The place to look is in the 99 Names of Allah. Allah has many names, such as Wadud (the Loving), Malik (the King), Rahman (The Merciful), Hakim (the Wise.) Just add one of those after Abdul and you become "The Servant of _______". (For example: Abdul Khaliq: The Servant of the Creator.) etc...
Adab: Manners.
Adhan: (Athzan) The call to prayer.
Ahl al Kitab: This means the "People of the Book." Allah uses this term in the Qur'an to refer to the Jews, Christians and any other people who received revelation from an authentic Prophet in the past. Because the Ahl al Kitab lost their revelations and twisted the teachings they had, Allah sent one last Messenger to the world, the Prophet Muhammad. He brought the Qur'an from Allah. The Ahl al Kitab are called to believe in Allah's last message. But the Christians and Jews own message has been lost or changed so much that there is very little of Allah's truth left in it. The Bible is not the word of Allah. It is a book made up of people's writings that was put together by Europeans in the year 325 at Nicea. That's 300 years after the time of Prophet Jesus ('Esa).
Ahmadiyya: A dangerous movement that began in India over one hundred years ago. India used to ruled by the British for about two hundred years. The only people who resisted the British taking over India were the Indian Muslims. The British came to hate Islam and its ideas about Jihad so much that many Indians started to say Islam was only about peace and there was no fighting in self-defense (Jihad).
One of these men was named Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian. He used to be a Muslim and had studied quite a bit of Islamic theology. He started talking against basic Islamic teachings and eventually declared himself to be a new Prophet of Islam. He also declared himself to be Jesus, a new Messenger, a reincarnated Muhammad, the son of God, etc... He couldn't make up his mind. All these ideas are, of course, false teachings because Allah has told us that the Prophet Muhammad was the last of the Prophets and no new ones would come after him.
But Ghulam Ahmad continued on changing Islamic teachings in
his writings and speeches and he gained a few followers. The
British were delighted that more cracks were appearing in the
Muslim community. After Ghulam Ahmad's death, his followers
quarreled among themselves and split into two groups. One of
those groups migrated to Europe and America and has been trying
to pass itself off as a Muslim movement. But they twist the
Qur'anic teachings, reject most of the Prophet's sayings and
follow a new false Prophet from a village in India called Qadian.
Beware because they are active everywhere and will try to get you
to follow someone other than the Prophet Muhammad.
Akhee: My brother.
Akhirah: The next life.
Akhlaq: Your character and behavior.
Alhumdu lillah: All Praise is for Allah. Has many ways to be spelled; AlhamdoliLlah, Alhamdo-liLlah, Alhamdulillah....
'Alim: A scholar. The plural is 'Ulema.
Allah: The name for God in the Arabic language. (Literally: THE GOD). There are no upper-case or lower-case letters in the Arabic language, so God in Arabic becomes Allah, god (any god) in Arabic becomes the word Illa. The word Allah is the same word used in Arabic translations of the Bible for the word God.
Muslims prefer to say "Allah" no matter what language they speak because in Arabic it is a stand-alone word. In other words, you can't make it masculine or feminine, plural or whatever. In English you can change "God" to Gods, Goddesses, Demi-God, etc... There is no way to do that in Arabic to the name, Allah.
Islam teaches that Allah is not a male or a female, nor is He black or white. He is not even a human like us. We only use the term "He" when we refer to Him because their is no "it" in Arabic and it seems disrespectful to call Allah an "it" in English. Allah sometimes refers to Himself as "We" or "Us" but don't be mislead. In many languages, (including English) a single being can call himself a "We" if he wants to so that it emphasizes his power. Allah is everywhere and nowhere. He is never tired and He never needs a "rest." He is Loving and the upholder of justice and He is the Source of Creation.
Allahu Akbar: "Allah is the Greatest." When a Muslim shouts, "Takbeer" (Who's the Greatest!) everyone replies with "Allahu Akbar!"
Amir: This means a leader. The Prophet said every group of Muslims must make a leader among them, even if they were only three in number. An Amir is not a dictator and can't just order people around, however. He must also be elected by the consent of the majority. Because Allah said believers consult each other in their affairs (shura), the Amir must listen to the opinions of the Muslim group and take them seriously. If an Amir begins to clearly go against Islamic teachings, then the Muslims must elect a new one.
Angels: In Arabic they are called the Mala-ika. They are created from light energy. Their only purpose is to serve Allah. They are behind the forces of nature. Some Angels are given the job of watching humans and noting their deeds for judgment day. Angels can take on physical form, sort of like a hologram, and can appear as humans or whatever. They are all good and never disobey Allah. They are not male or female.
Ansar: The helpers. The basic reference is to the new Muslims of Medina who helped the Prophet and the Meccan Muslims after they fled Mecca.
Arabic: A language which originated in the Middle East, specifically in the Arabian peninsula. It is the language Allah chose to reveal His last revelation to the world in.
Arkan al Islami: Pillars of Islam. There are five main practices or "pillars" in the life of a Muslim.
Assalamu 'alaykum: "Peace be upon you." This is the universal Muslim greeting. The Prophet said that Muslims must use this greeting when they meet. There are also verses in the Qur'an about it. If a person approaches a group, the person should say it first. A younger person should greet an older person first. The reply is "Wa alaykum assalam" "And upon you be peace."
Ayah: A verse of the Qur'an. The word literally means a "sign."
Ayat: Plural form of ayah, meaning more than one verse of the Qur'an.
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Barzakh: The time in between our death and the day we are raised up for judgment. Our souls will be in "storage" or Barzakh. The word literally means partition or dividing line.
Bid'a: This means "Innovation" or "Unauthorized Changes" to the practices of Islam. The Prophet forbade people from making any changes to the teachings or practices of Islam. He said such things and people would go to the Hell fire.
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Da'wah: This means calling people (to Islam). If you're talking to someone about Islam you're doing Da'wah. A Da'i is the person who invites others to the religion of Islam.
Deen: Way of Life. Islam is not a religion, it's a way of life.
Dhikr (Thzikr): This means to remember Allah. When you repeat words or sentences over and over so you can meditate on Allah, you are doing or making dhikr. Common dhikr phrases are: "La ilaha illa Allah" (There is no god but Allah.) "Subahanullah" (Glory to Allah). Dhikr should always be counted on the fingers.
Du'a: This means to call on Allah. Whenever you ask Allah for something, whether out loud or inside, you are calling on Him. You can make du'a in any words, in any language and Allah has promised to respond, although in a way we might not expect. Many Muslims like to learn some of the du'as that the Prophet said, but you can use your own words to talk to your Maker.
Dunya: This world. "Hayatud Dunya": "The life of this world."
'Eid: (Or: 'Id.) The Muslim holiday. There are two Eid's. One at the end of fasting in Ramadan is called Eid ul Fitr. The other after the Hajj is over is called Eid ul Adh ha.
Fard: Something you must do in Islam. Something that is required by Allah for us to do.
Fatwa: A scholar's opinion or judgment on an issue related to Islam. It is not binding on a Muslim if there is doubt about it or it can be shown to be faulty. Only a recognized scholar, or 'Alim can issue Fatwas and other scholars must investigate the veracity of their basis.
Fiqh: The science of understanding the Shari'ah. In the past small groups of people with similar opinions about the Shari'ah joined together and formed intellectual clubs called a Math-hab. Today there are five big groupings of these Madh-habs. Shaf', Hanbali, Maliki, Jafari and Hanafi. Not all Muslims accept the Jafari school as valid due to technical reasons. A Muslim can follow the ideas of any one of them or none of them at all. After all, we have the Qur'an, the sayings of the Prophet, the sayings of his companions and our brains. Don't be afraid to use them.
Ghusl: A full shower or bath. A Ghusl is required after any sexual discharge. A Ghusl is highly recommended on Fridays before going to Jum'ah prayers.
Hadith: A saying or report by or about the Blessed Prophet. The most reliable collections of Hadith are named after the scholars who collected them in the early days of Islam and checked on them for accuracy. They are: Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, An Nisa'i, Ibn Majah.
Hafiz: (Hafithz) A memorizer or guardian of the entire Qur'an.
Hajj: The pilgrimage to Mecca.
Halal: Allowed (lawful) for a Muslim.
Haram: Forbidden for a Muslim.
Hijab: Modernly a hijab refers to the scarf a Muslim woman wears over her head. For a more detialed explanation click here. It is required and all Muslim women must wear hijab. The face-veil (niqab) is not required, but some women like to wear it. Islam does not require a woman to wear gloves or socks but some Muslims try to teach this. They didn't even have gloves, for example, in the Prophet's time in Arabia. This doesn't mean we shouldn't cover our hands and feet; during the time of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, Muslim women covered their entire body with an 'outergarment' including their face, hands and feet.
Hijra: To migrate. This term refers firstly to the great migration of the Muslims in the year 622 from the hostile city of Mecca, which was controlled by idol-worshippers, to the safer city of Madinah (then called Yathrib) where Islam could exist freely. The Islamic calendar begins with the Hijra as the first year.
'Ibadah: This term is often translated as "worship" but it is not a correct translation. The word worship in English just means praying and bowing, like worshipping in a church. But the term 'Ibadah literally means "service" and it comes from the root word, "to serve." When we say that Islam considers all life to be 'Ibadah, we mean that our whole life should be lived in the service of Allah. We are here to serve Allah. In Islam, any good deed, action or thought, even just holding a steady job or smiling at someone is considered doing 'Ibadah for Allah.
Iftar: The meal you eat after sunset in Ramadan. Suhoor is the light breakfast before first light in the morning during Ramadan.
Imam: Literally: leader. Although most Muslims take this term in the sense of a leader of the prayers, it does apply to the group leader outside of prayer as well. An Imam must be elected by the Muslims or at least accepted by them if he is appointed from outside. If the community rejects him, then he cannot be the Imam.
Iman: (Eemaan) Belief or faith. The root word of Eman is Amuna. It imples three meanings: 1) to believe, 2) to confirm that belief in your heart, and 3) to feel safe. Iman is what makes a person a Muslim. Often spelled "Iman".
Injeel: The Gospel of Prophet 'Esa (Jesus). The New Testament of the Bible is not the Gospel of Jesus. The New Testament was written by a lot of different authors and contains stories about Prophet 'Esa, but it is not 'Esa's message. The present New Testament was assembled three hundred years after the time of Prophet 'Esa by a group of white men on a Greek Island who voted on what their "holy" book should contain. Most of the votes were hotly debated! The Roman emperor who ordered them to do it then told all Christians to accept this new compilation of writings. All other Christian writings were ordered to be destroyed. The New Testament contains four books called Gospels: (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John). Hundreds more "Gospels" from other authors were burned. A few such as the Gospel of Barnabas and Thomas have survived. The Gospel of Jesus was never written down and is lost.
Inshallah: If Allah wills.
Iqamah: The second call to prayer just before the actual prayer begins.
Islam: To surrender to Allah and find peace.
Jahannam: Hell.
Jam'a: Together, in a group.
Jannah: Paradise, Heaven. It literally means "the Garden."
Jibra'il: The angel that brought Allah's revelation to the Prophet. Allah is so powerful and majestic that it is beneath him to reveal Himself to humans. We are like an ant next to a star in comparison to Allah. He sends the angels to do these small jobs, though He doesn't need them. In English his name is Gabriel.
Jinn: These are another type of creature Allah created. They are invisible to us but they can see us. They were made from fire elements and thus are pure energy. They are not like ghosts or weird monsters. They can influence your thoughts, encourage you to do wrong, and whisper fears into your mind. They can be good or bad. The good jinn leave us alone. The bad ones, who are also called Shayateen, or Devils, want to destroy you. Astrologers and fortune tellers get their "predictions" and "readings" from them. Jinn spy on the Angels and learn secrets about the future, then they whisper it into the minds of the fortune tellers. Jinn live, die and have families like us but they exist on another plane altogether. The Prophets could control the Jinn but none of us ordinary people can. Although we believe Jinn can possess a human body, Islam teaches that it's not very common. Don't believe every "Jinn story" Muslim immigrants will tell you about their aunt or second cousin's brother. Most of it will be superstitious stories that are culturally based.
Jumu'ah: The Friday Prayer in which all Muslims gather to hear a sermon called a Khutba. It's time is in place of the Zuhr Salah, usually somewhere between 12 pm and 2 pm. It is mandatory on all men to attend. It is optional for women. The Prophet said if you miss three Jumu'ahs in a row then hypocrisy will start to enter your heart.
Kafir: This means a person who covers up the truth. Usually we say the easier English word "unbeliever." The plural is Kuffar. (Unbelievers.) The noun (unbelief) is Kufr.
Khalifa: This word means Steward, Manager or Care-taker. Allah made humans to be the Khalifa of the earth. In other words, we were given the earth as a trust to take care of. We shouldn't ruin it or pollute it. The head of the Muslim Ummah is also called a Khalifa because he is to take care of the Muslim community. Muslims are suppossed to elect a Khalifa, but there hasn't been a world-wide Khalifa for a long time.
Khatib: The person who gives the Khutba. The preacher on Fridays.
Kitabullah: The Book of Allah. (The Qur'an.) The word Kitab means book.
"La ilaha illa Allah" (There is no god but Allah.)
Mahr: The money (or whatever else) that the man has to give to a woman in order to marry her. It is called the marriage-gift and a woman can ask for whatever she wants. If it is money, it can be deferred and paid gradually over time. The husband can never take it away for any reason.
Malik ul Mawt: The Angel of Death.
Masjid: Literally means, "the place of bowing." This is the name for a Muslim prayer hall. The word, "Mosque" is not of Muslim origin and was invented by the Spanish who said they would swat out the Muslim prayer halls in their country like Mosquitos (Mezquitas). A Muslim never should say Mosque, rather we say Masjid.
Madh-hab: This means, "School of Thought." In Islam we have the Qur'an, the example of the Prophet and the sayings and guidance of the Prophet's companions. Through the centuries, various Muslim scholars have tried to make those teachings easier for Muslims to live by through organizing them, talking about them and trying to use those tools to find answers to questions where those first three sources are quiet.
Of course different opinions developed between different scholars and some people chose to follow one scholar or the other. Those differences in ideas about how to follow Islamic rules are called "Schools of Thought." There are five main schools today. Some people say you have to "follow" one of those schools to be a Muslim, but this is not true. You have to follow Islamic teachings but you don't have to put some label on yourself. Each of the five schools is named after the scholar who founded or inspired it. The five are: Maliki, Hanafi, Hanbali, Shaf'i and Jafaari. Most "Shi'a" Muslims follow the Jaafari school. The books and writings of the schools are a good source of information about the particulars of Islam, but our real label is, "I am a Muslim, forever and only a Muslim."
Mecca: (Also spelled Makkah). A city in Arabia founded thousands of years ago by Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham). Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, was born there in the year 570.
Medina: (Also spelled Madinah). A city about 200 miles north of Mecca. The Prophet established the Islamic community there. He passed away there and is buried there.
Mu'adhan: The person who does the call the prayer.
Mujahid: A person who does Jihad.
Mu'min: A person with Iman. A true believer.
Mus-haf: The Arabic text of the Qur'an. "Brother, hand me a Mus-haf." (Qur'an with the Arabic in it).
Mushrik: A person who commits Shirk (making partners with Allah). Usually an idol-worshipper. A Hindu would be considered a Mushrik because they bow down to statues.
Muslim: A person who surrendered to Allah and is working at finding peace.
Nabi: This term means Prophet.
Nafs: This is often translated as "soul" but it really means "the self," i.e. "You and only you."
Naar: The fire (of Hell).
Nikkah: The wedding ceremony.
Qadr: This term is often translated as "Destiny" or "Pre-destination." This is not entirely accurate. It means literally "to measure." The religious idea behind it is that Allah measured everything in the universe. The length of your life is "measured," as is your fortune and your life's circumstances. Because of the knowledge of Allah, He knows if you will be a believer or a kafir but He doesn't make you be either one of those.
Qadiani: Another name for the sectarian Ahmadiyya movement.
Qiblah: The direction of Prayer. All Muslims make their Salat facing Mecca. Allah commanded us to do this in the Qur'an as a show of unity and to remember Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) who built the first shrine there in that place so many thousands of years ago.
Qur'an: This is the name of the Book Allah revealed to the Prophet Muhammad from the years 610-632. Allah revealed it in stages, one section at a time, as the Muslims were ready to follow it. It has 114 chapters called Surahs. It was revealed in the Arabic language and has never been lost, changed or edited.
We have lots of translations of the Qur'an into English, but a translation can never be as good as the original words and their full meaning. All Muslims try to learn Arabic so they can read the Qur'an. Be advised, there are two different types of Arabic. The first is the language of the Qur'an, in other words, whatever vocabulary words are used in the Qur'an. The second type of Arabic is everyday Arabic, in other words, things that would help you talk about a sports game, a vacation or a day at the office. Many Muslims get bogged down by studying the second type of Arabic. You should work towards the first type if your main goal is to understand the Qur'an.
Ramadan: The ninth month of the Islamic calendar. Muslims are required to fast from before sunrise to sunset every day of this month. There are many details concerning this so consult the section on beliefs and practices.
Rasul: This term means Messenger.
Ruh: Your spirit or soul. Allah gave it to you on loan and thus you had better not sin and dirty it up.
Sadaqa: Charity.
Sahaba: A companion of the Prophet.
Sahabiyat: The female companions of the Prophet.
Sajda: Bowing on the floor.
Salafi: This is the name of a group of Muslims who try as hard as they can to imitate the Blessed Prophet in every aspect of life. Their name comes from Salaf, (ancestors) which is a reference to the Sahaba and the generation immediately after them. The Prophet emphasized the heart and soul more than outward rules. After all, if you don't have love of Allah deep in your heart, you won't follow any rules, no matter how harsh the punishments. The advantage to listening to the Salafis is that they can always be relied upon to be concerned about what is correct and incorrect endlessly.
Salat: (or Salah) This means prayer, the prayer in which you stand, bow and prostrate. The literal meaning of the word is: to make a connection with.
Shahadah: The Declaration of Faith. By believing in and declaring the following phrase, a person becomes a Muslim: "Ash hadu an la ilaha illallah, wa ash hadu anna Muhammadar rasulullah." "I declare that there is no god but Allah, and I declare that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." There are other ways to say this formula but this is the most common one. When a person accepts Islam, all his or her past sins are forgiven and his or her record is wiped clean and they start again from that moment as if they were just born.
Shaikh: Literally: Chief or Boss. The word is often used in Middle Eastern cultures to show respect. It is the title that Muslims sometimes give to their scholars. It is not required in Islam but many people like to use this term.
Shari'ah: It is usually translated as Islamic Law. It means the path of Islam.
Shi'a: This is the name of a sect or division in the Muslim community. Shi'aism began originally as a political protest against the second Khalifa Umar and the third one, Uthman, but it eventually grew into a separate sect of Muslims with its own version of Islamic teachings. About 10-15% of the world's Muslims are Shi'as. While they are still Muslims and believe in almost everything correctly, there are some serious errors in their understanding and practice of Islam.
They believe in a religious structure that Islam never introduced complete with different kinds of priests called Ruhollah, HojatulIslam and Ayatullahs, similar to Catholics and their priests, bishops and popes. Once someone goes off the straight path of Islam they wander in blindness and break apart even further. The same is true of Shi'aism. Today there are many different kinds of Shi'as. The biggest group are known as the Twelvers, then there are the Seveners, Isma'ilis, Alawiya and others. The Baha'is came out of the Shi'a splintering. (Baha'ism is a religion created by a misguided Shi'a man in Iran with the backing of the British in the 1800's.)
All Shi'a groups share a belief that the Prophet's cousin, 'Ali, should have been the first Khalifa, not the fourth, and that only blood relatives of the Prophet Muhammad can be Khalifas. The interesting thing is that 'Ali, himself, swore allegiance to the three Khalifas who came before him and supported them in the cause of Islam. One Shi'a group called the Alawiya actually worship 'Ali as God on earth. Clearly 'Ali never supported, taught or encouraged these ideas. They developed long after he died by very misguided souls.
Some Shi'a groups make Salat slightly to greatly differently depending on the group. The biggest group, the Twelvers (Ithna Ashari), believe in a "hidden" Imam that was brought to heaven as a baby and will return to liberate all the Shi'as from oppression. Such beliefs have no place in the Islam of the Prophet Muhammad, of course, but some people like to add more to something out of ignorance or whatever. Just think of how many people in Christian countries believe in horoscopes and fortune-telling even though their own religion condemns it! Now some churches teach that fortune-telling and gambling are OK. Do you see how people can work to try and change a religion to their own opinions!
Shirk: This is the greatest and most terrible sin. It is the one sin that can keep your soul out of Paradise and doom you to Hellfire. It means making partners with Allah. If a person says that there are many gods, or says that Allah is divided up into different people (such as the Trinity teaching of Christianity) then they are committing Shirk. Allah said it is the one sin He won't forgive if you die while doing it. The Blessed Prophet Muhammad once mentioned also that a person who likes to feel greatness in their heart was also committing a kind of Shirk. This is because all greatness is for Allah and we should always try to be humble. The Prophet also said, "La Yad khulu al Jannah min kana fee qal beehee mith qalu habbatin min kibr." "They won't enter Paradise, the one who has even a little bit of the love of greatness in their heart."
Shaitan: (or Shaytan) It means Satan. (The literal meaning is to separate from.) Islam teaches that a Jinn named Iblis didn't want to bow when Allah commanded a bunch of angels to bow down to Adam in respect of his knowledge. Iblis thought he was better than both humans and angels. Allah banished him to earth and let him have extended life until the Day of Judgment. That is because Iblis challenged Allah and said if he had time he would corrupt all human beings. Iblis's name literally means "Frustrated." He is also known as the Shaytan, or Satan.
Siyam (or Saum) Fasting.
Subhanullah: "Glory to Allah." This phrase is said whenever we're happy or when we see something wonderful.
"Subahanullah wa Bihumdeehee" (Glory to Allah and His is the Praise.)
Sufi: This is the name for a group of Muslims who try to be super-spiritually oriented. Islamically, there are a few groups that go way out. Such far off groups sing, dance, twirl around, drink wine, deny Salat, etc... The word Sufi comes from the term for wool cloth, which was a material early Sufis liked to wear to emphasize how they didn't want to be captured by the love of fineries in this world.
Sufis organize themselves into "orders" or groups, called Tariqas. These groups are headed by a leader called a Shaykh who is considered the most spiritual man with the most Taqwa among them. Some famous Sufi Tariqas that operate all over the world are the Naqshabandis and Qadiriyya.
Suhoof: "Scrolls." This is the name of the revelation given to Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) about 4,000 years ago. It was lost.
Sunnah: The example or "way" of the Prophet. How he lived his life and what his practices were.
Sunni: This is the name of the largest sect or group of Muslims. This group amounts to about 85-90% of all Muslims world-wide. Sunni's believe in the mission of the Prophet as he taught it and try very hard to adhere to the Prophet's example with no changes. This doesn't mean that Sunni's are somehow the only true Muslims, however, because the Prophet never taught that we should even label ourselves Sunni's or Shi'as.
Sunni Islam is just closer to real Islam. The best thing for a Muslim to do is to drop all the labels and just say, "I'm a Muslim." But there are many Muslims in the world who get emotional about wanting to call themselves some kind of label besides the basic, "I'm a Muslim." Have patience with them and do what is right. The term Sunni comes from the title, "Ahlal Sunnah wal Jam'a" which means, "People of the Example of the Prophet and the Main Group of Early Muslims."
Surah: It is a chapter of the Qur'an. The word literally means "a step up in progression" or a "fence."
Tafseer: Commentary or explanation of the Qur'an. Many Qur'an translations will have footnotes on the bottom of the page to help you understand the meaning of an ayah. That would be called Tafseer.
Taqwa: This term means many things at once. The first meaning is that you are always aware that Allah is watching you. This brings you to the second meaning and that is that you will try to be good always. Do you see how the two things wrapped together can be so beautiful? When a Muslim has Taqwa, we say they are "Aware of Allah" Conscious of Allah" and striving to be righteous.
Tauhid: Sometimes it's spelled Tawhid. It means the Oneness of Allah. Allah has no partners, He is not divided up into parts and He is not in need of anyone to help Him in anything whatsoever.
Taurah: The revelation given to Prophet Musa (Moses). The first five books of the old testament in the Bible are said to be the "Torah" of Moses, but no serious Bible scholar, whether Jewish or Christian believes that anymore. Musa's message was lost long ago. Just take a look, everything about Prophet Moses in the Bible is written in third person: "And Moses said this," and "Moses went there," Someone else wrote those things, certainly not Moses!
Ukhtee: My sister.
'Ulema: a group of scholars or more than one scholor.
Wa alaykum assalam
Wahy: This word means revelation or inspiration. When Allah was revealing His messages to the Prophet, we would say the Prophet was receiving "Wahy." The Blessed Prophet once said that after him, all Wahy from Allah was finished except for one thing: dreams that can come true.
Wudu: Washing for prayer.
Yowm ul Qiyamah: The Day of Judgment. (Literally: Day of Standing.)
Zabur: The revelation given to Prophet Dawud (David). The Psalms in the Bible are not the pure Zabur. Christian scholars admit that at least half of the verses in Psalms were written by temple priests, government workers, etc, in ancient Israel. And no one knows which half are from Prophet Dawud and how many have been lost or altered.
Zakah: This is often translated as "Charity" or "Poor-due" but the literal meaning of the word is actually, "Purifying." Zakah is the third pillar of Islam. It involves giving 2.5% of your yearly wealth, after expenses, for the benefit of the poor and the needy. The "purifying" part comes in by learning not to be greedy. If you give some of your money for the sake of Allah to the poor, you make your heart less prone to greed.
