WARS IN INDIA .

In 1760 the Moghul, Shah Alum, and the Viceroy of Oude invaded Bengal, but were defeated in several actions by Colonel Caillaud, Captain Knox, and Major Carnac.
In 1763 the Nawab of Bengal, Meer Cassim, intrigued with Shah Alum against us, but was defeated on July 19th at Cutwah, on Aug. 2nd at Gheriah, and on Sept. 4th at Owda Nulla.
In 1764 the Nawab and the Viceroy of Oude were finally defeated on October 22nd at Buxar by Sir Hector Munro. This was the only war in which we were opposed to the Moghul, the nominal ruler of India, till the Sepoys set the old king of Delhi at their head in 1857, and Shah Alum was not in actual possession of his throne and capital at this time .
In 1767 - 68 the Madras Government was engaged in war with the Nizam of Hyderabad and Hyder Ali the Mohammedan usurper in Mysore. The Nizam was defeated and withdrew, but Hyder dictated his own terms of peace.
In 1772 the Bombay Government began hostilities with the Mahratta chiefs, and with interruptions the war continued till 1782. The taking of Gwalior, Aug. 2nd, 1780, by Captain Popham, was the most striking success achieved.
Meanwhile, however, the renewal of war with France and the capture of Pondicherry and Mahe, 1778 and 1779, brought Hyder again into the field, and on Sept 10th, 1780, he defeated Colonel Baillie near Conjeveram and forced him to surrender. The Carnatic was saved by Sir Eyre Coote's victory over Hyder on July 1st 1781, at Porto Novo. Hyder died at the end of the year. The French troops sent to support him under Bussy were defeated at Cuddalore June 25th, 1783, and shortly withdrawn on the news of the Peace of Versailles arriving. Hyder's son Tippoo consented to peace in 1784.
The French fleet using Mauritius (Isle de France) as their basis had cooperated with the Mysoreans against us, and severe but indecisive engagements had been fought between Admirals Hughes and De Suffrein in 1782, on Feb. 17th, April 12th, July 5th, Sept. 3rd, and June 20th, 1783. In 1789, Tippoo Sahib, Sultan of Mysore, attacked our ally, the Rajah of Travancore. Lord Cornwallis began wax against him in conjunction with the Mahrattas and the Nizam, and Tippoo was driven to peace with the allies in 1792.
In 1798, when Napoleon went to Egypt, the French had made overtures to Tippoo Sahib, and war began in 1799.
On May 3rd, Seringapatam, Tippoo's capital, was stormed by the army under General Harris; Tippoo killed, and the Mysore power finally broken.
In 1803, the Mahratta chiefs of Gwalior and Berar refused to agree to the treaty of Bassein, 1802, by which the Peishwa of the Mahrattas had accepted English Alliance.
Sept 23. General Wellesley (Wellington) defeated their forces at Assaye.
Sept. 7th. General Lake defeated them near Delhi, took the city, sad put the Moghul under English protection.
Oct 18th. Lake took Agra.
November 1st. Lake defeated the Mahrattas at Laswaree, destroying the infantry trained by French officers.
Nov. 29th. Wellesley defeated them at Argaum in Berar. Peace with the Mahrattas followed; but Holkar, chief of Indore, who had not taken part in the previous war through jealousy of Sindhia of Gwalior, began war in 1804. On Nov. 13, he was defeated at Deeg by Colonel Monson. Lord Lake failed to take Bhurtpore, but Holkar was driven to treat in 1805.
1814 - 16. Lord Moira (the Lord Rawdon of the American war, afterwards Marquis of Hastings) had to repel the aggressions of the Goorkhas of Nepaul, and succeeded in finally detaching them from the interests of the Mahratta chiefs.
The latter were all intriguing against England. In addition the whole of central India was overrun by Pindharees, many of them Afghans the remains of soldiery who had come into India with Afghan invaders or who had served in the old Mahratta armies. These now formed regular armies of freebooters, living on plunder. Their destruction was necessary for the security of the inhabitants of half India, and the Marquis of Hastings began war upon them in 1817. The Peishwa, Holkar, and other chiefs joined the Pindharees, but all the confederates were defeated in a series of sharp actions and vigorous sieges in 1817 and 1818, and Central India was finally brought under English Government or supervision.