1. Introduction
--------The Sociology of Health, Illness, Health Care: An Overview
--------The Sociological Perspective
--------A Critical Approach
--------Chapter Organization
--------A Note on Sources
2. The Social Sources of Illness
An Introduction to Epidemiology
A Brief History of Disease
--------The European Background
--------Disease in the New World
--------The Epidemiological Transition
--------The New Rise in Infectious Disease
----------------The Emergence of AIDS
--------The Modern Disease Profile
The Social Sources of Premature Death
--------1. Tobacco
--------2. Diet and Exercise, and Obesity
----------------The Obesity Myth?
----------------“Supersizing” America
--------3. Medical Errors
--------4. Alcohol
--------5. Bacteria & Viruses
--------6. Toxic Agents
--------7. Motor Vehicles
--------8. Firearms
--------9. Sexual Behavior
-------10. Illicit Drugs
Health Behavior, Social Stress, and Illness
---------------Health Behaviors & Health Lifestyles
---------------Social Stress
------------------------The Nature of Social Stress
------------------------The Impact of Social Stress
Conclusion
3. The Social Distribution of Illness in the United States
Age
--------Overview
--------Case Study: Prostrate Cancer and Aging in Men
Sex and Gender
--------Overview
--------Sociology of Intersex
--------Case Study: Woman Battering as a Health Problem
Social Class
--------Overview
--------The Sources of Class Differences in Health
--------Case Study: Health Among the Homeless
Race and Ethnicity
--------African Americans
--------Hispanics
--------Native Americans
--------Asian Americans
--------Case Study: Environmental Racism
Conclusion
4. Illness in the Developing Nations
---Disease Patterns Around the World
---The Sources and Nature of Disease in Developing Nations
--------Poverty, Malnutrition, and Disease
--------The Roots of Chronic Malnutrition
--------The Role of International Aid
---Infectious and Parasitic Diseases
--------HIV Disease
--------Tuberculosis
--------Diarrheal Diseases
--------Malaria
--------Measles
---Infant Mortality
--------The Role of Women’s Status
--------The Role of Infant Formula Manufacturers
---Maternal Mortality
---Respiratory Diseases
Conclusion
5. The Social Meanings of Illness
---Models of Illness ---Medicine as Social Control ---Social Control and the Human Genome Project
---Social Control and the Sick Role ---Conclusion
6. The Experience of Disability, Chronic Pain, & Chronic Illness
---Understanding Disability ---Understanding Chronic Pain
---Living with Disability and Chronic Illness ---Conclusion
7. The Sociology of Mental Illness
---The Epidemiology of Mental Illness ---Defining Mental Illness ---A History of Treatment ---The Experience of Mental Illness ---Conclusion
--------The Medical and Sociological Models of Illness
--------Popular Explanations for Illness
--------Creating Illness: Medicalization
----------Case Study: Working Together to Medicalize
----------Hyperkinesis
----------The Consequences of Medicalization
----------The Rise of Demedicalization
----------Defining the Sick Role
----------Critiquing the Sick Role Model
--------Defining Disability
--------People with Disabilities as a Minority Group
--------The Social Distribution of Disability
--------Initial Symptoms and Diagnosis
--------Responding to Illness or Injury
--------Interruptions, Instrusions, and Immersions
--------Managing Health Care and Treatment Regimens
----------Use of Conventional Health Care
----------Use of Alternative Therapies
----------Seeking Information on the Internet
--------Dealing with Service Agencies
--------Illness, Disabilities, and Social Relationships
--------Managing Stigma
--------Health Social Movements
--------The Body and the Self
--------The Extent of Mental Illness
--------Social Stress & the Distribution of Mental Illness
----------The impact of ethnicity: Social Class or Discrimination?
----------The impact of Gender
----------The impact of Social Class: Social Stress or Social Drift?
--------The Medical Model of Mental Illness
--------The Sociological Model of Mental Illness
--------The Problem of Diagnosis
--------The Politics of Diagnosis
--------Before the Scientific Era
--------The rise and decline of Moral Treatment
--------Freud and Psychoanalysis
--------The Antipsychiatry Critique
--------Deinstitutionalization
----------Explaining Deinstitutionalization
----------The Consequences of Deinstitutionalization
--------The Remedicalization of Mental Illness
--------The Rise of Managed Care
--------Becoming a Mental Patient
----------Self-Labeling
----------Labeling by Family, Friends, and the Public
----------Labeling by the Psychiatric Establishment
--------The Post-Patient Experience
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