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Legend of St. Keyne

   A well there is in the West Country,
    And a clearer one never was seen;
    There is not a wife in the west country
    But has heard of the well of St. Keyne

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   The magical power associated with wells is commemorated in a ballad by Robert Southey (1774-1843), 'The Well of St. Keyne'. A stranger to the district stops at the well and talks with a local Cornishman. Humorous reference is made to the old belief, alluded to by the Cornishman, that mastery in marriage is given to whichever partner drinks the water of the well first. If it is the husband, then ‘A happy man henceforth is he,For he shall be Master for life’. But if it should be the wife, God help the Husband then!
      St. Keyne was one of fifteen daughters of Braglan, a 6th century prince of Wales. Apart from the power that she gave to her holy well, legend maintains that on a pilgrimage to St. Michael's Mount, she gave the same properties to Michael's Chair, the rocky seat within the castle. If either the bride or groom is the first to sit in the Chair, that partner will henceforth dominate the marriage.

      The town of Keynsham, Somerset, is named after the Saint. It is said that when she arrived there, the lord of the manor gave her a piece of land, but it was so infested with huge venomous snakes that no prospective converts would visit her. Undismayed, she turned the snakes into stone, and tradition claims that the fossilised ammonites, which abound in the area, are their remains. 
      The snakes can be seen, like the dragon in St. George and the dragon, as symbolising the devil. St. Michael is likewise portrayed overcoming the devil as a dragon, and the link with St. Keyne is made more apparent by her connection with St. Michael's Mount. Snakes, as phallic symbols, can also be seen to represent masculinity. And so the power to get the upper hand in marriage might be seen, therefore, as a way for a woman to overcome her inferior status in a male-dominated society.

      Then again, the story of St. Keyne might be seen as a way for henpecked husbands to explain their apathy without losing face. They might have argued that women, being naturally submissive, could only become dominant with supernatural assistance. At any rate, the origin of the story could be found in the desire for wish fulfilment - for a dominated spouse to wish things were otherwise. In that case, the Well of St. Keyne can be thought of as a wishing-well.

            To return to Southey's ballad, the stranger suggests that the Cornishman, aware of the well's reputation, must have been careful to drink the water before his wife did:

"You drank of the Well I warrant betimes?"
He to the Cornish-man said:
But the Cornish-man smiled as the stranger spake,
And sheepishly shook his head.

"I hasten'd as soon as the wedding was done,
And left my Wife in the porch;
But in faith she had been wiser than me,
For she took a bottle to Church."

 

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