Sanctuary, also called Chitauri Space, is the name given to an asteroid field inhabited by the Chitauri. It is the domain of Thanos. Loki used the Tesseract to open a wormhole between Earth and Sanctuary, where the Chitauri were staged for invasion. During the invasion, Iron Man flew a nuclear bomb through the wormhole into Chitauri Space, hitting the Chitauri Command Center and stopping the invasion before he fell back through to Earth.
After Gamora's betrayal, a furious Ronan the Accuser traveled to Sanctuary where he met with Thanos in person and angrily berated him for not taking Gamora's betrayal seriously. When The Other, Thanos' servant, scolded Ronan for disrespecting the warlord, Ronan angrily broke the Other's neck, killing him and forcing Thanos to speak to Ronan directly. Undaunted by Ronan's complaints, Thanos waved the Kree away, and while Gamora's betrayal was an issue, Thanos entrusted both Ronan and Nebula with fixing that problem. As Ronan departed, Thanos grimly warned him that if he returned empty handed again, he would "bathe the starways" in his blood.
Known Inhabitants:
Thanos
The Chitauri