Science and the Bible

The sun and moon revolve around the earth:

Then Joshua spoke to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel:

       "Sun, stand still over Gibeon;
        And Moon, in the Valley of Aijalon."
        So the sun stood still,
        And the moon stopped,
        Till the people had revenge
        Upon their enemies.

Is this not written in the Book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day. Joshua 10:12-13

He commands the sun, and it does not rise; He seals off the stars;  Job 9:7

In them He has set a tabernacle for the sun,
Which is like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber,
And rejoices like a strong man to run its race.
Its rising is from one end of heaven,
And its circuit to the other end;
And there is nothing hidden from its heat.  Psalm 19:5-6

The sun and moon stood still in their habitation;
At the light of Your arrows they went,
At the shining of Your glittering spear.  Habakkuk 3:11

'This is the LORD's sign to you that the LORD will do what he has promised: I will make the shadow cast by the sun go back the ten steps it has gone down on the stairway of Ahaz.' So the sunlight went back the ten steps it had gone down. Isaiah 38:7-8

The earth is flat and has four corners

Note: the skeptics say that if something can be seen from everywhere on earth that implies the earth is flat.

He will set up a banner for the nations, And will assemble the outcasts of Israel, And gather together the dispersed of Judah From the four corners of the earth. Isaiah 11:12

"And you, son of man, thus says the Lord GOD to the land of Israel: "An end! The end has come upon the four corners of the land. Ezekiel 7:2

The tree grew and became strong; Its height reached to the heavens, And it could be seen to the ends of all the earth. Daniel 4:11

Again, the devil took Him up on an exceedingly high mountain, and showed Him all the kingdoms of the world and their glory. Matthew 4:8 & Luke 4:5

After these things I saw four angels standing at the four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth, that the wind should not blow on the earth, on the sea, or on any tree.  Revelations 7:1

Again, the "ends of the earth" or the "four corners of the earth" are not literal but poetic, metaphoric expressions, and are even used to this day even though we know the earth is a sphere.  Also, the word(s) used for ends/corners can also mean an appendage or edge of land like a peninsula, and the word used for earth can also mean land.  So it can also be translated as the "edges/ends of the land", such as the Cape of Good Hope.  For something being seen by the entire earth, these again are metaphoric expressions using hyperbole.  For Jesus seeing all the kingdoms of the earth from one mountain, the known world at the time consisted only of the Roman Empire in the area of the Mediterranean, and this could have been visible from one mountain.

I'm with the apologists on the "ends of the world/four corners of the earth" thing.  For the part about something being visible from the entire earth, that one's a bit more of a stretch, but seems pretty nit-picky anyway. Plus you could allow that it was some kind of vision in which the devil was showing Jesus all the kingdoms, but then again why would he need to take him to the top of a high mountain for that?

The moon gives off its own light (instead of reflecting the sun's)

For the stars of heaven and their constellations
Will not give their light;
The sun will be darkened in its going forth,
And the moon will not cause its light to shine.  Isaiah 13:10

Moreover the light of the moon will be as the light of the sun,
And the light of the sun will be sevenfold.  Isaiah 30:26

When I put out your light,
I will cover the heavens, and make its stars dark;
I will cover the sun with a cloud,
And the moon shall not give her light.  Ezekiel 32:7

Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.  Matthew 24:29

Yes, the moon's light is actually a reflection of the sun's.  But the text is not meant to be taken so specifically.  For Isaiah 30:26 the moon COULD be as bright as the sun since it says the sun will also be made much brighter. 

The earth doesn't move

The skeptics say that instead of the earth spinning about its own axis, revolving around the sun, which in turn is revolving around the center of the Milky Way galaxy, which in turn is hurtling through space, the Bible writers believed the earth was stationary:

Tremble before Him, all the earth.
The world also is firmly established,
It shall not be moved. 1 Chronicles 16:30

You who laid the foundations of the earth,
So that it should not be moved forever,  Psalm 104:5

The bat is a bird, the rabbit chews the cud, and insects have four legs

"the hare, because it chews the cud but does not have cloven hooves, is unclean to you;......."And these you shall regard as an abomination among the birds; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, the vulture, the buzzard, the kite, and the falcon after its kind; every raven after its kind, the ostrich, the short-eared owl, the sea gull, and the hawk after its kind; the little owl, the fisher owl, and the screech owl; the white owl, the jackdaw, and the carrion vulture; the stork, the heron after its kind, the hoopoe, and the bat. "All flying insects that creep on all fours shall be an abomination to you. Yet these you may eat of every flying insect that creeps on all fours: those which have jointed legs above their feet with which to leap on the earth. These you may eat: the locust after its kind, the destroying locust after its kind, the cricket after its kind, and the grasshopper after its kind. But all other flying insects which have four feet shall be an abomination to you.  Leviticus 11:6-23

Nevertheless, of those that chew the cud or have cloven hooves, you shall not eat, such as these: the camel, the hare..... "All clean birds you may eat. But these you shall not eat: the eagle, the vulture, the buzzard, the red kite, the falcon, and the kite after their kinds; every raven after its kind; the ostrich, the short-eared owl, the sea gull, and the hawk after their kinds; the little owl, the screech owl, the white owl, the jackdaw, the carrion vulture, the fisher owl, the stork, the heron after its kind, and the hoopoe and the bat.   Deuteronomy 14:7-18

For the "bat is a bird" issue: The scientific classification system we use where bats are classified as mammals was not developed until the 17th(?) century.  So we should not expect an ancient text to use this system, as it would have confused the ancient Hebrews to whom it was addressed.  They would have grouped the bat in with the birds.  So its really a word translation issue. Though "birds" might be the closest English approximation to the Hebrew word used, to the Hebrews this word would have generally meant "flying things" (excluding insects) and would have included bats.

For the "rabbit chews the cud" issue:  While rabbits don't actually chew the cud, supposedly they do chew their fecal pellets, which (at least according to the apologist's claims) are not fully digested, so doing so gives them another chance at absorbing the nutrients.  So again, this might be a translation issue.  Though "chews the cud" might be the closest English approximation, "chews partially digested food" might be more accurate.

For the "insects have four legs" issue:  Again, its due to the limits of language translation.  "Going on all fours" is an expression used to describe something that crawls around down on the ground, and does not necessarily mean that it literally has four feet.

The value of pi is 3.0

Skeptics say that since the Bible says that Solomon's bath was ten cubits in diameter and the circumference was 30 cubits, this means the writer thought the value of pi (a circle's circumference divided by its diameter) is 3.0 instead of 3.14159...  If it was 10 cubits in diameter the circumference (to the nearest cubit) should have been 31 cubits. 

And he made the Sea of cast bronze, ten cubits from one brim to the other; it was completely round. Its height was five cubits, and a line of thirty cubits measured its circumference.  1 Kings 7:23 and 2 Chronicles 4:2

The earth has foundations/pillars

 ^...For the pillars of the earth are the LORD's, And He has set the world upon them. 1 Samuel 2:8

Then the channels of the sea were seen, The foundations of the world were uncovered, At the rebuke of the LORD, At the blast of the breath of His nostrils. 2 Samuel 22:16

He shakes the earth out of its place, And its pillars tremble  Job 9:6

The pillars of heaven tremble, And are astonished at His rebuke. Job 26:11

The earth and all its inhabitants are dissolved; I set up its pillars firmly. Selah Psalm 75:3

Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth? Tell Me, if you have understanding.  Who determined its measurements?  Surely you know!  Or who stretched the line upon it?  To what were its foundations fastened?  Or who laid its cornerstone,  Job 38:4-6

They do not know, nor do they understand; They walk about in darkness; All the foundations of the earth are unstable. Psalm 82:5

You who laid the foundations of the earth, So that it should not be moved forever, You covered it with the deep as with a garment; The waters stood above the mountains Psalm 104:5-6

Thus says the LORD: "If heaven above can be measured, And the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel For all that they have done, says the LORD. Jeremiah 31:37

Hear, O you mountains, the LORD's complaint, And you strong foundations of the earth; Micah 6:2

The stars are small little lights/objects that can fall to earth

And it grew up to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the host and some of the stars to the ground, and trampled them. Daniel 8:10

Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. Matthew 24:29

And the stars of heaven fell to the earth, as a fig tree drops its late figs when it is shaken by a mighty wind. Revelations 6:13

The sky/heavens are a solid dome called "the firmament", with water above, and it rained when windows in the dome were opened

Then God said, "Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters." Thus God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament; and it was so. And God called the firmament Heaven. So the evening and the morning were the second day. Genesis 1:6-8

Then God made two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night. He made the stars also. God set them in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth, and to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness. Gen 1:16-18

In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, on that day all the fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened. And the rain was on the earth forty days and forty nights.  Genesis 7:11-12

The fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven were also stopped, and the rain from heaven was restrained.  Genesis 8:2

He alone spreads out the heavens, And treads on the waves of the sea; Job 9:8

With Him, have you spread out the skies, Strong as a cast metal mirror? Job 37:18

Praise Him, you heavens of heavens, And you waters above the heavens!  Psalms 148:4

So an officer on whose hand the king leaned answered the man of God and said, "Look, if the LORD would make windows in heaven, could this thing be?"  2 Kings 7:2

The likeness of the firmament above the heads of the living creatures was like the color of an awesome crystal, stretched out over their heads.^.....A voice came from above the firmament that was over their heads; whenever they stood, they let down their wings.  And above the firmament over their heads was the likeness of a throne, in appearance like a sapphire stone; on the likeness of the throne was a likeness with the appearance of a man high above it. Also from the appearance of His waist and upward I saw, as it were, the color of amber with the appearance of fire all around within it; and from the appearance of His waist and downward I saw, as it were, the appearance of fire with brightness all around.^...  This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD.
So when I saw it, I fell on my face, and I heard a voice of One speaking.  Ezekiel 1:22-28

• "Stretching out the heavens" is a way for the writers to express the infinity of the sky since the Hebrews like many cultures of the time lacked a word-concept for infinite physical space. 
• The word "raqiya" translated as "firmament" in the KJ/NKJ denotes "expanse" and is a way of referring to the sky or atmosphere, not a solid structure.  
• Regarding the waters above, the writers did not make distinctions between things like stellar matter, methane gas, asteroids, comets, etc., so this was a way of referring to those.
• To see it as a solid dome is forcing an ancient's view into the text.

If sheep see striped/spotted rods when the mate they'll give birth to striped/spotted offspring

Let me pass through all your flock today, removing from there all the speckled and spotted sheep, and all the brown ones among the lambs, and the spotted and speckled among the goats; and these shall be my wages... Now Jacob took for himself rods of green poplar and of the almond and chestnut trees, peeled white strips in them, and exposed the white which was in the rods. And the rods which he had peeled... So the flocks conceived before the rods, and the flocks brought forth streaked, speckled, and spotted... whenever the stronger livestock conceived, that Jacob placed the rods before the eyes of the livestock in the gutters, that they might conceive among the rods. But when the flocks were feeble, he did not put them in; so the feebler were Laban's and the stronger Jacob's. Thus the man became exceedingly prosperous, and had large flocks, female and male servants, and camels and donkeys.  Genesis 30:32-42

The earth floats freely in space 

The apologists say that amazingly the Hebrews knew this as opposed to sitting on a turtle's back or on Atlas's shoulders like the Hindus/Greeks believed:

He stretches out the north over empty space; He hangs the earth on nothing.  Job 26:7

They also say "Astronomers have discovered that there is a great empty space in the North. It contains no moving planets and shining stars.... . By turning their telescopes to the South, the East and the West, men may behold countless millions of stars invisible to the naked eye but when the telescope is set exactly to the North there is a great empty space. For this, astronomers have been unable to account.  Another says "There is a place in the North where no stars exist , which cannot be seen with the naked eye. How did the writer of Job know this?" 

Knowledge of the hydrological cycle

He binds up the water in His thick clouds, Yet the clouds are not broken under it.  Job 26:8

For He draws up drops of water, Which distill as rain from the mist, Which the clouds drop down And pour abundantly on man.  Job 36:27-28

He who builds His layers in the sky, And has founded His strata in the earth; Who calls for the waters of the sea, And pours them out on the face of the earth-- The LORD is His name.  Amos 9:6

All the rivers run into the sea, Yet the sea is not full; To the place from which the rivers come, There they return again.  Ecclesiastes 1:7

The life is in the blood (as opposed to the now-discredited 'medical' practice of blood-letting)

For the life of the flesh is in the blood.... for it is the life of all flesh. Its blood sustains its life. Therefore I said to the children of Israel, "You shall not eat the blood of any flesh, for the life of all flesh is its blood. Whoever eats it shall be cut off.'  Leviticus 17:11, 14

A woman has a seed (egg cell or ovum) 

Amazingly the Hebrews knew this, as opposed to the pagan beliefs of the day that only the man's sperm provided the seed and the woman was simply a vessel: 

And I will put enmity, Between you and the woman, And between your seed and her Seed; He shall bruise your head, And you shall bruise His heel."  Genesis 3:15

The eight day is the best day for circumcism (the blood doesn't clot well before then)

One apologist says "Oddly enough, it is only on the 5th through the 7th days of the newborn male's life that vitamin K begins to be produced (the vitamin is normally produced by bacterial action in the intestinal tract) and it is only on day eight that the percentage of prothrombin climbs above 100% of normal!"

He who is eight days old among you shall be circumcised, every male child in your generations, he who is born in your house or bought with money from any foreigner who is not your descendant.  Genesis 17:12

The earth is a sphere 

It is He who sits above the circle of the earth, And its inhabitants are like grasshoppers, Who stretches out the heavens like a curtain, And spreads them out like a tent to dwell in.  Isaiah 40:22

The stars are too great in number to be counted 

Then He brought him outside and said, "Look now toward heaven, and count the stars if you are able to number them." And He said to him, "So shall your descendants be."  Genesis 15:5

As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, nor the sand of the sea measured, so will I multiply the descendants of David My servant and the Levites who minister to Me.  Jeremiah 33:22

Therefore from one man, and him as good as dead, were born as many as the stars of the sky in multitude--innumerable as the sand which is by the seashore.  Hebrews 11:12

The sun is moving through space in a huge orbit (around the Milky Way center) 

... He has set a tabernacle for the sun, Which is like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, And rejoices like a strong man to run its race.  Its rising is from one end of heaven, And its circuit to the other end; And there is nothing hidden from its heat.  Psalm 19:4-6

Atmospheric pressure/ air has weight 

To establish a weight for the wind, And apportion the waters by measure.  Job 28:25

Ocean currents (like the Gulf Stream) and underwater springs

According to apologists" "A man by the name of Matthew Fontaine Murray discovered the sailing paths in the sea.  About this Dehoff writes “Before Matthew Fontaine Murray lived there were no sailing lanes and no charts of the sea.  One day, when he was ill, his son read to him from the eighth Psalm.  He read that God put under man ‘…the fowls of the air, the fish of the sea, and whatsoever passes through the paths of the sea.’  ‘Read that again’, he said.  Upon hearing it the second time, the venerable scientists said, ‘If the Word of God says there are paths in the sea, they must be there.  I will find them.’” (Dehoff, pg. 53).  Today, Mr. Murray is known as the Father of Oceanography.  He founded the Annapolis Academy.  Also, in Richmond, Virginia there is a statue of Mr. Murray with a Bible in one hand and the charts of the sea in the other." (See here, or here for examples)

The birds of the air, And the fish of the sea That pass through the paths of the seas.  Psalm 8:8

Thus says the LORD, who makes a way in the sea And a path through the mighty waters,  Isaiah 43:16

Have you entered the springs of the sea? Or have you walked in search of the depths?  Job 38:16

The earth spins/turns on its axis 

That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it?  It is turned as clay to the seal; and they stand as a garment.  Job 38:13-14 KJV

The universe is expanding 

He alone spreads out the heavens, And treads on the waves of the sea; Job 9:8

The likeness of the firmament above the heads of the living creatures was like the color of an awesome crystal, stretched out over their heads.  Ezekiel 1:22

It is He who sits above the circle of the earth, And its inhabitants are like grasshoppers, Who stretches out the heavens like a curtain, And spreads them out like a tent to dwell in.  Isaiah 40:22

Thus says God the LORD, Who created the heavens and stretched them out, Who spread forth the earth and that which comes from it, Who gives breath to the people on it, And spirit to those who walk on it:  Isaiah 42:5

Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer, And He who formed you from the womb: "I am the LORD, who makes all things, Who stretches out the heavens all alone, Who spreads abroad the earth by Myself;  Isaiah 44:24

I have made the earth, And created man on it. I--My hands--stretched out the heavens, And all their host I have commanded.  Isaiah 45:12

He has made the earth by His power, He has established the world by His wisdom, And has stretched out the heavens at His discretion.  Jeremiah 10:12

He has made the earth by His power; He has established the world by His wisdom, And stretched out the heaven by His understanding.  Jeremiah 51:15

Who cover Yourself with light as with a garment, Who stretch out the heavens like a curtain.  Psalm 104:2

The burden of the word of the LORD against Israel. Thus says the LORD, who stretches out the heavens, lays the foundation of the earth, and forms the spirit of man within him:  Zechariah 12:1

Washing and quarantine to prevent spread of disease 

One apologist says "During the middle ages, garbage and sewage were thrown into the streets of Europe..... Typhoid, cholera, leprosy, and bubonic plague killed millions. Science had no solution..... finally, the church led in introducing the practice of quarantine from the Bible, and cities turned to sewage disposal as taught in the Bible, were these diseases brought under control.... In the 1840's Ignaz Semmelweis caused an international stir. He required the doctors under him to wash their hands before they examined another patient in the hospital....However, these doctors had him fired and forced out of Vienna  Today, such methods of sanitation are rigidly enforced in hospitals all over the world. Did you know that the Bible commanded such sanitation more than 3,400 years before Ignaz Semmelweis? Yes, the Bible was way ahead of human science. How could this have been?"

Also, the apologists say "how did the Hebrews know to wash a sore in RUNNING water (so it would be fresh as opposed to everyone washing in the same, stagnant pool of water which would spread the disease)?

When a man has on the skin of his body a swelling, a scab, or a bright spot, and it becomes on the skin of his body like a leprous sore... and if the hair on the sore has turned white, and the sore appears to be deeper than the skin of his body, it is a leprous sore... then the priest shall isolate the one who has the sore seven days. And the priest shall examine him on the seventh day; and indeed if the sore appears to be as it was, and the sore has not spread on the skin, then the priest shall isolate him another seven days.... Leviticus 13:2-5

He who is to be cleansed shall wash his clothes, shave off all his hair, and wash himself in water, that he may be clean. After that he shall come into the camp, and shall stay outside his tent seven days. But on the seventh day he shall shave all the hair off his head and his beard and his eyebrows--all his hair he shall shave off. He shall wash his clothes and wash his body in water, and he shall be clean.  Leviticus 14:8-9

And when he who has a discharge is cleansed of his discharge, then he shall count for himself seven days for his cleansing, wash his clothes, and bathe his body in running water; then he shall be clean. Leviticus 15:13

"This shall be the law of the leper for the day of his cleansing: He shall be brought to the priest... shall examine him; and indeed, if the leprosy is healed in the leper, then the priest shall command to take for him who is to be cleansed two living and clean birds, cedar wood, scarlet, and hyssop. And the priest shall command that one of the birds be killed in an earthen vessel over running water. As for the living bird, he shall take it, the cedar wood and the scarlet and the hyssop, and dip them and the living bird in the blood of the bird that was killed over the running water. And he shall sprinkle it seven times on him who is to be cleansed from the leprosy, and shall pronounce him clean, and shall let the living bird loose in the open field.  Leviticus 14:2-7

then he shall kill one of the birds in an earthen vessel over running water. Leviticus 14:50

And he shall cleanse the house with the blood of the bird and the running water and the living bird, with the cedar wood, the hyssop, and the scarlet. Leviticus 14:52

The dietary laws to prevent disease 

The apologists say that the Bible's prohibition of consumption of pork & shellfish had valid scientific reasons, to prevent the Hebrews from contracting trichinosis from pork and hepatitis and cholera from shellfish.  One apologist says "Many people suffered from fever, headache, diarrhea, and sore muscles. Not so long ago, science learned that this was caused by worms living in the muscles. These worms come from eating pork, the meat of swine, that is not cooked enough. This is called tricinosis. Now consider this. The Bible, in the Law of God to Israel, had forbidden the eating of swine more than 3,400 years ago." 

and the swine, though it divides the hoof, having cloven hooves, yet does not chew the cud, is unclean to you. Their flesh you shall not eat, and their carcasses you shall not touch. They are unclean to you.  These you may eat of all that are in the water: whatever in the water has fins and scales, whether in the seas or in the rivers--that you may eat. But all in the seas or in the rivers that do not have fins and scales, all that move in the water or any living thing which is in the water, they are an abomination to you. They shall be an abomination to you; you shall not eat their flesh, but you shall regard their carcasses as an abomination. Whatever in the water does not have fins or scales--that shall be an abomination to you.  Leviticus 11:7-11

Debates

The Bible and Science by Paul H Seely, a liberal Christian who seems to think that the Bible teaches the earth is a flat disc consisting of a single continent floating on a circular sea. 

Does the Bible say the Earth is Flat?  A response to Paul H Seeley by J. P. Holding

What About Scientific Foreknowledge in the Bible? from The Skeptical Review 

Farrell Till and the Bible's Scientific Foreknowledge -- A Reply by Bill Jackson Rebuttal to Till's Scientific Foreknowledge essay (Hmmm, I wonder why he doesn't link to the essay he is rebutting?  In fact he doesn't even reference it at all!)

The Flat-Earth Belief of Bible Writers Adrian Swindler surveys the appropriate Biblical evidence to defend the claim that "the Bible teaches the earth is flat" 

A Reply to the 'Flat Earth Belief of Bible Writers' minister Jerry McDonald responds to Adrian Swindler's flat-earth article

The Flat-Earth: Still an Embarassment to Bible Inerrantists  Adrian Swindler responds back to Jerry McDonald

Skeptic (and some Liberal Christian) essays/commentary

Has Science Blunders

Science and the Bible by 2think.org, The Hundredth Sheep" 

Scientific Boo-Boos in the Bible from The Skeptical Review 

Cretinism or Evilution? from Talk Origins.  Good overview of the geocentrism issue.

The Flat-Earth Bible by Robert Schadewald

Tough Questions for the Christian Church by James Buckner, in part deals with the issue, see the section "Conflicts with Science"

The Heavens from "Sunday School With a Twist"

Catholic Encyclopedia entry on "Firmament" Confirmation from the Catholic Church that Biblical passages reflect that the Hebrews thought the sky was an immense dome

Is Heaven the Sky? by Reginald Finley Sr.

Do We Live on a Flat Earth with a Solid Dome Over It? By the Rev. Peter J. Wallace

Bible Biology by Farrell Till

Chew on This... Again! by Jeffrey A. Justice, dealing with the "does the rabbit chew the cud?" issue

Still Chewing: Chasing Rabbits With Dr. Geisler by Jeffrey A. Justice

Genesis, Jacob, and Genetics, the Fallacy from Mike's Page

Biblical Conception of the Universe by Robyn Banks

Apologists' essays/ justifications

Doesn't have science blunders

What Shape is the Earth In? An Evaluation of Biblical Cosmology by J. P. Holding

Mr. Green Genes?  Does the Bible Teach Magical Genetics? by James Patrick Holding

DOES THE BIBLE TEACH A FLAT EARTH? No, concludes geocentrincity proponent Gerardus D. Bouw, PHD

Bats aren't birds by Rational Christianity 

Rabbits don't chew the cud by Rational Christianity 

Does the Bible say the Earth is Flat?  by Rational Christianity

DOES THE BIBLE TEACH GEOCENTRICITY? by Bert Thompson, Ph.D. and Trevor Major, M.Sc., M.A., Apologetics Press International

Does the Bible really teach a flat earth? by Answers in Genesis 

Does the Bible say pi equals 3.0? by Answers in Genesis 

Are There Mythological Elements In The Genesis Creation Account? by Net Bible Institute

WHAT WAS THE “FIRMAMENT” OF GENESIS 1?  by Bert Thompson, Ph.D., Apologetics Press International

Are There Mythological Elements In The Genesis Creation Account? from the Blue Letter Bible

Apologists' essays/ justifications

Contains Scientific Foreknowledge

Scientific Accuracies of the Bible by Christian Apologetics & Research Ministries

Science Proves the Bible by Truth for the World

Scientific Foreknowledge in the Bible by the Young Earth Creation Club

Scientific Foreknowledge in the Bible Part I- The blood, Hygiene, and Nutrition and Part II- Hygiene from Central Church of Christ.

The Bible-- Science or Superstition? by Triumph Prophetic Ministries Church of God

Scientific Foreknowledge Chapter Nine and Foreknowledge of Medical Science in the Bible Chapter Ten From "Origin of the Cosmos and The Evidences of God" by Charles Germaine Lockwood

The Food Laws by Christian Churches of God

Accurate Science from "The Bible- God's Message to You"

Science and the Bible from Clarifying Christianity

Skeptic (and some liberal Christian) essays/commentary

Doesn't have Scientific Foreknowledge

Does the Bible Speak of the Brain? by Ed Babinski

Divine Hygiene? by Farrell Till

Kosher Baloney by Tim Gorski, M. D.- Rebutting the claims that there are valid medical reasons behind the food laws

Bible Biology by Farrell Till

Resources/other essays

Institute for Biblical and Scientific Studies An excellent and comprehensive website from a liberal Christian perspective, dealing with various aspects of Biblical studies with a focus on science, archeology, and evolution/creation. 

The Geocentricity Question by James B. Jordan- A liberal Christian look at the Bible and Science issue

Scientific Foreknowledge and the Bible by Bert Thompson PHD from the Apologetics Press- A somewhat neutral and honest look from an apologetics website rebutting some of the more dishonest claims of scientific foreknowledge, and admonishing Christians not to "employ weak or spurious arguments in our defense of God’s Word".

Christianity and science – are they contradictory? Liberal Christian Lorence G. Collins looks at the Bible and science issue and is apparently accused by fundamentalists of being anti-Christian. 

The Qu'ran has amazing scientific foreknowledge too!

Science in Islam from BECONVINCED.COM

EXPLORING THE SCIENTIFIC MIRACLE OF THE HOLY QUR'AN by Dr Mohammad N. Wagdi, Ph.D.

No it doesn't!

Does the Qur'an Have any scientific Miracles? 10 Top-most Scientific Myths about the Qur'an Part 1 and Part 2 from Freethinkers

In the Name of a Rose by Freethought Mecca, debunking Islamic apologist's claims that science has only recently discovered what the Qur'an claimed 1400 years ago: that when the universe "dies," it will look like a rose in bloom.

Reader Essays on the Subject

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