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| Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926) |
| "Rose, o pure contradiction, |
| desire to be no one's sleep |
| beneath so many lids." |
 Rilke's
self-composed epitaph, written before leukemia took his life December
29, 1926. It was the rose, a symbol of love, beauty, and devotion in much
of Rilke's writings, which ironically caused the onset of his illness
that took his life so suddenly. Months before, Rilke had been gathering
roses from his garden for a visitor, and while doing so, pricked his hand
on a thorn. The small wound failed to heal and grew rapidly worse, leading
to his tragic death at age 51. In his relatively short life, Rilke had
produced a body of poetry and writings unsurpassed in its genius of emotion,
insight, and sensuality. "It is my conviction that, by any measure, the
two greatest writers of the twentieth-century are James Joyce (1882-1914)
and Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926)"[Mood 17]. Other scholars and poetry
lovers would undoubtedly agree, as Rilke's life and poetry have, especially
in recent here in America, attracted the minds of many, with translations
of his works and biographies abounding. Rainer Maria Rilke was born December
4, 1875 in Prague, the only child of an unhappy marriage which eventually
dissolved. Rilke's childhood was an unhappy one, being placed into military
school by his parents who desired that he become an officer. With the
help of his Uncle, who realized that Rilke was a highly sensitive and
gifted boy unfit for a military career, Rilke left the military academy
and entered the German gymnasium (college prepatory school). By the time
he left the gymansium and entered Charles University in Prague in 1895,
he had already published his first volume of poetry. There was no doubt
in Rilke's mind, that he would pursue a literary career. In 1896, Rilke
decided to leave the university for the bustling and cosmopolitan city
of Munich, Germany, where his poetic career and life would begin to unfold.
Rilke's life would thereafter take him to many places, meeting many people,
women he would come to love and lose, and giving him experiences that
would enrich and influence the unique voice of his poetry. As Rilke writes,
"poems are not...simply emotions..they are experiences. For the sake of
a single poem, you must see many cities, many people and things...and
know the gestures which small flowers make when they open in the morning..."
-The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge. It was his travels to Russia that
would prove to be a milestone in Rilke's life, and which he believed marked
the true beginning of his early serious works, as the Stunden Buch/Book
of Hours published in 1905. Rilke would continue to travel throughout
his lifetime, to Italy, Spain and Egypt, among many other places, but
Paris would serve as the geographic center of his life, where he first
came as a young man to write a commissioned work on the great sculptor
Rodin. It was in Paris that Rilke began to develop a new style of lyrical
poetry, influenced by the visual arts, and which Neue Gedichte/New Poems
(1907-08), would come to be. Rilke spent his later life in Switzerland,
where he completed the Duino Elesien/Duino Elegies and Sonnette an Orpheus/Sonnets
to Orpheus both published in 1923. These later works would reflect the
culmination of the development of Rilke's poetry...gathering all of his
dominant themes of love and the idolization of women, life and death,
God and religion, into something all encompassing, a unity. The following
quote summarizes Rilke's life and character quite well.. "Rilke proclaimed
the poet's saintly need to accept reality in all its aspects, meanwhile
welcoming only those parts of the world for which he could compose and
ennobling description. He was venomous about organized religion, yet there
are more Virgin Marys, Saints and Angels in his work than in many cathedrals.
And he hid inside The Poet he eventually became, both secure there and
scared, empty and fulfilled; the inspired author of the Duino Elegies,
sensitive, insightful, gifted nearly beyond compare; a man with many devoted
and distant friends, many extraordinary though frequently fatuous enthusiasms,
but still a lonely unloving homeless boy as well, with fears words couldn't
wave away, a self-pity there were rarely buckets enough to contain; yet
a persistence in the pursuit of his goals, a courage, that overcame weakness
and worry and made them into poems...no...into lyrics that love, however
pure or passionate or sacrifical, could never have achieved by itself..lines
only frailty, terror, emotional duplicity even, could accomplish--an honesty
bitter about weakness from which it took its strength" [Gass 32]. Renate
Hannaford (cited from http://www.geocities.com/Paris/LeftBank/4027/bio.html) |
| Sources: |
|
Gass, William. "Purely a Poet". The Nation. 4/1/96 |
| Mood, John J.L. Rilke on Love and Other Difficulities. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1975. |
| Rilke, Rainer Maria. Encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropaedia. 1982. |
| Again and again, however we know the landscape of love |
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