|
This
serves as a reminder that many diseases area capable of being transmitted
in the swimming pool environment Outbreaks of disease
have been associated with pool water contaminated with feces.
Cryptosporidium is a bacteria that shows up in human feces and can
contaminate pool and spa water.
Keep in mind that you share the water
with everyone else in the pool.
DIARRHEA-
If swimmers are ill with diarrhea, the germs that they carry can
contaminate the water if they have an "accident" in the pool. On
average people have about 0.14 grams of feces on their bottoms which, when
"rinsed off" in the pool, can contaminate recreational water.
When people are ill with diarrhea, their stool can contain millions of
germs.
A child or adult with infectious diarrhea can contaminate pool water
even without having an "accident" in the water. Even 2 weeks
after a person's diarrhea has stopped, he may still contaminate the
water.
Therefore, swimming when ill with diarrhea can easily
contaminate large pools or waterparks so imagine what it does to a small
20,000 gallon pool!
In additionpools can be contaminated bywater
runoff following rainfall.
If someone swallows water that has been contaminated with feces, he/she
may become sick. Many of these diarrhea-causing germs do not even have to
be swallowed in large amounts to cause illness!
Would
it really make you feel better to know the feces you just swallowed
had been chlorinated or "shocked"?
Heard attorneys love the resulting
lawsuits to pool owners! sigh....I guess everyone is looking
for a way to make a fast buck.
Pools are particularity vulnerable to
illness-causing bacteria or germs introduced into water by swimmers.
The incubation period for the most
common types of infection is from 1-10 days, so many people don't make
the connection between pool use and illness. As a result, the number of
actual outbreaks is probably much greater than those currently reported.
Cryptosporidium
One of the most common illnesses associated with public pools is
diarrhea caused by a parasite called Cryptosporidium (crip-toe-spo-RID-ee-um).
Cryptosporidium is found in the intestinal tract of infected humans and
animals and is transmitted through the ingestion of fecal matter. This
becomes a problem when the fecal matter is in the form of watery
diarrhea, which rapidly dissipates in a large pool of water and becomes
virtually invisible, says Ashley Lamonte, MPH (Master of Public Health)
with the CDC.
A pool may be
contaminated, even without a "fecal accident:" trace amounts
of bacteria on a person's bottom can be washed into a pool.
E. coli is a bacteria that lives in the
intestinal tract of healthy humans and animals; one strain of the
bacteria, however, is particularly virulent and can cause extreme
illness and even death. In 1998, a contaminated home pool caused an
outbreak of E. coli that hospitalized eight people and one child
died.
E. coli can also be transmitted
through the ingestion of fecal matter. E. coli is particularly dangerous
and symptoms of the disease include diarrhea, listlessness, abdominal
cramps, blood in stool and sometimes fever. Someone with these symptoms
should seek immediate medical attention.
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is another common illness that can
be the unfortunate result of a day spent at the local pool. Symptoms of
HFMD include fever, sores in the mouth and a rash with blisters. The
illness begins with fever, loss of appetite and lethargy, and often a
sore throat. After a day or two, sores develop in the mouth -- on the
tongue, gums, and inside the cheeks -- and they often become ulcers.
After a day or two, a skin rash appears
that is often located on the palms, soles of feet or buttocks. The rash
consists of flat or raised red spots, some with blisters. The rash does
not itch, and a person with HFMD may have only the rash or the mouth
ulcers. No specific treatment is available for HFMD, though medication
may be given to alleviate symptoms, and HFMD usually resolves in 7-10
days.
Sources
of Contamination
- Body discharges such as mucous from
the nose, saliva, sweat, fecal matter, urine, dead skin.
- Street and workplace soil, body
lotions, suntan creams, dust, pollen, air pollutants, animals
droppings, insects.
- Persons with sore or
inflamed eyes, colds, nasal or ear discharge, boils, eczema,
seborrhea, dandruff, or other acute or obvious skin or body
infections, or cuts
FECAL ACCIDENTS
MOST DIARRHEAL OUTBREAKS IN POOLS APPEAR
TO BE RELATED TO ACCIDENTAL FECAL CONTAMINATION OF THE WATER BY SOMEONE
WHO IS ILL WITH DIARRHEA.
FECAL ACCIDENTS EXAMPLES
OF DISEASE ORGANISMS:
- Cryptosporidium parvum
- E. coli 0157:H7
- Giardia lamblia
- Shigella
Cryptosporidium
- Major germ that causes outbreaks.
- Extreme chlorine
resistance.
- Small size.
- Will challenge even the best equipped
and maintained pool.
Crypto in human intestine
- E. coli 0157:H7
Germ-resistance
to Chlorine Disinfection
Times for Fecal
Contaminants
- Hepatitis A 16 minutes
- Giardia 20-45 minutes
- Cryptosporidum
9600 minutes (that
is 160 hours!! or 6.7 DAYS that awful stuff can live after
dousing) Do you really want to be paying for a pool and
not be able to use it for days at a time?
FECAL ACCIDENTS (Yeah,
like anyone is going to tell you that what they thought was going to be a
little fart really was diarrhea!)
- CLOSE THE POOL!!
- Remove as much feces as possible.
- Disinfect: CT value of 9600 (where
C= chlorine and T=time)
- Monitor hourly.
- Recirculate continuously
- Low volume: drain & disinfect
- Proper pH and chlorine to reopen.
Chlorine does a good job killing most germs, but it
doesn't kill all of them.
To keep your pool and spa clean, free of bacteria and clear you probably
use chlorine and other chemicals,right? But are you aware of
the dangers of chlorine and other chemicals?
Numerous scientific studies report that
chlorinated water is a skin irritant and can be
associated with rashes like eczema.
Chlorinated water can destroy polyunsaturated
fatty acids and vitamin E in the body while
generating toxins capable of free radical damage (oxidation). (the
common pathway for cancer, aging, and a variety of diseases.)
Chlorinated water destroys much of the intestinal
flora, the friendly bacteria that help in the digestion of food and
which protect the body from harmful pathogens.
Chlorinated water contains chemical compounds called
trihalomethanes which are carcinogens
resulting from the combination of chlorine with
organic compounds in water. These chemicals, also known as organochlorides,
do not degrade very well and are generally stored in the fatty tissues of
the body (breast, other fatty areas, mother's milk, blood and semen).
Organochlorides can cause mutations by altering DNA, supress immune
function and interfere with the natural controls of cell growth.
Chlorine destroys the free radicals ..."the common
pathway for cancer, aging, and a variety of diseases. "
Chlorine has been documented
to aggravate asthma, especially in those
children who make frequent use of chlorinated swimming pools.
Several studies also link chlorine and
chlorinated by-products to a greater incidence of
bladder, breast and bowel cancer as
well as malignant melanoma. One study even links
the use of chlorinate to congenital cardiac anomalies.
What
Is Known About Chlorine Toxicity
Exercising
competitive swimmers absorb toxic levels of chlorine products in
the course of a training session.
Training
two or more times a day will not allow the toxins to be
completely cleared from the body in most swimmers.
Children
inhale more air per unit of body weight than adults.
Young
children absorb relatively greater amounts of toxins than older
swimmers and therefore, are at greater risk.
In
hyper-chlorinated pools, even dental enamel can be eroded
because of the increased acidity in swimmers in training.
Exercise intensity and number of sessions increase the toxic
concentrations in competitive swimmers.
Greater
toxin absorption occurs through the skin than through breathing.
However, the breathing action alone is sufficient to cause
hypersensitivity and "asthma-like" respiratory
conditions in at least some swimmers.
Over chlorination is particularly hazardous to the health of
swimmers.
Psychology Today July/Aug 2005
Page 21
University of Florida researchers have confirmed what avid
swimmers already know: A dip in the pool works up an appetite.
Swimming in cold water spurs swimmers to consume almost 50%
more calories after exercising than people who swim in warm
water. The difference may explain why people trying to lose weight have
LESS success with swimming than with cycling or jogging.
----------------------------------------------------
WEST NILE
VIRUS
DANGER
OF SWIMMING POOLS
SWIMMING POOLS DOWNSIDE
|
|
|