*dh-r- “bear, hold”
PMA dhara “bearing, holding, supporting” Sanskrit, also dhara, dharani “earth, mountain” dhur “load resting on shoulder, yoke” dhura “yoke, burden” dharma “law, conduct, established order” Sanskrit SIG, IESSG Alternative form *t-r- Pre-IndoEuropean-Semitic *t-r- “become firm” Proto-IndoEuropean extended with -b- > PIE -p- extended with -z- > PIE -s- *t-r-s- “stiff, firm, dry > to thirst” Proto-IndoEuropean terra “earth, terra firma” Latin torreo: “parch, roast” Latin torridus “parched, dried up, stiffened” Latin cf membra torrida gelu “limbs stiff with cold” Latin térso-mai “become dry” Greek tersaíno: “dry up” Greek tarsú-s “net for drying” Greek darra “net for drying” Old High German ga-þairsan “dry up” Gothic þaursus “dry” Gothic þurr “dry” Old Norse tr.s^ú “pine” Sanskrit tr.'s^yati “thirsts” Sanskrit þaurseiþ “thirsts” Gothic þyrstir (mik) “(I) thirst” Old Norse þyrst “thirst” Old English durst “thirst” Low German durst “thirst” German tr.'s^n.a: “thirst” Sanskrit tariza “(the water) was frozen” Arabic taraza “became firm, dry; (the meat) was hard” Arabic taraz “to be hard, thick, dry” New Arabic 'a-traza Arabic 'atraz IV “to harden, desiccate” New Arabic ta:riz “hard, thick, dead, dried up” New Arabic tirza: “holm-oak” Hebrew extended with -wg- trúgo: “I dry” Greek with s-preformative *st(h)-r- Proto-IndoEuropean stereós “hard, firm” Greek sterilis “barren” Latin starí:- “barren cow” Sanskrit steîra “barren cow” Greek stairo: “barren” Gothic andstaurran Gothic starren “become firm” Middle High German starr “stiff” German *t-r- Semitic single redupl. *t-r-r Semitic tarra “he was (became) plump” Arabic ta:rruN “plump in body” Arabic extended with PIE -p-, Semitic -b- *t-r-p- Proto-IndoEuropean torpeo: “am stiff” Latin térp-nu-tI “become stiff” Russian tìrp-ti “become stiff” Lithuanian with s-preformative stjarfi “tetanus” Old Norse þarf “need” Old Norse þarbs “needy” Old Norse þarba m. “pauper” Old Swedish þarba f. “lack” Old Swedish darba f. “lack” Old High German darbe:n “be without” Old High German strong root verb ver-derben “perish (suffer grave loss)” Middle High German with s-preformative sterben “die” German t-r-b- Semitic tariba “suffered loss” Arabic IV “had few resources” Arabic whence ma-trabatuN f. “poverty, neediness, the becoming poor” Arabic turbuN, tura:buN “earth, dust” Arabic extended with -H- tarHuN “poverty, need, indigence” Arabic tariHa “he perished, died” Arabic : *dh-r- Proto-IndoEuropean Alternative form extended with -wg- drokno “dry” Old Saxon : extended with -wgh- or -wk- draug-r “dry wood” Old Norse dro:ghe “dry” Middle Dutch dro:ghe “dry” Middle Low German droog “dry” Dutch Alternative form *T.-r-K.^- Pre-IndoEuropean-Semitic *dh-rg^h- “be firm” Proto-IndoEuropean extended with -tó- dr.d.há- “firm” Sanskrit forctus “good” Old Latin forcte:s “good” Old Latin fortis “strong” Latin : Alternative form *t-r-K.^- Pre-IndoEuropean-Semitic *t-rg^h- Proto-IndoEuropean with s-preformative and nasal infix strang-r “strong” Old Norse strong Old English strengi “strong, brave, hard” Old High German *t-r-s.- Semitic taras.a “was firm” Arabic tari:s.uN perf. intr. “firm, robust” Arabic : *t-r-k^- Pre-IndoEuropean-Semitic *t-rg^- Proto-IndoEuropean with s-preformative stark-r “firm, strong” Old Norse starc “firm, strong” Old High German storkna “become firm, coagulate” Old Norse ga-staurknan Gothic IEW *dher-, *dher&- “hold, support” dhar- “hold, carry, support, maintain” Sanskrit dar- “hold, hold on to, observe (law)” Avestan thranos “bench” Greek thrónos “seat” Greek fre:tus “supported (by), trusting” Latin bedaren “become calm (wind, weather)” Dutch tarnen “cover, conceal” Middle High German deriù, deréti “negotiate ("settle"), buy” Lithuanian dhárma- “rite, law” Sanskrit firmus “firm, steady, strong” Latin PMA dareha- “to carry on shoulders” Tagalog dala- “to carry, bear” Philippines dalay-rayan- “base, support” Philippines (Tg.-Sp. compound) dalhin- “to carry, support” Philippines tari- “to carry, bear” Maori, Anutan karu- “to hold, carry, bear” Saa, Ulawa taur- “to hold” Mota tauria- “to hold” Mafea, Tutuba, Tangoa tori- “to hold” Merlav, Marino tora- “to carry, support” Arosi tola- “to carry” Saa, Ulawa tole- “to carry, bear” Lau kalele- “support, railing, prop, cane, to trust” Hawai'i san-dalan- “back” Tagalog tura- “back” N. Malo tar-beng- “back” Fonah tarmwuk- “back” Nume kilok- “back” Toga kulak- “back” Mota kuru- “back” Sileibi kru- “back” Emerum kere- “earth” Fila, Mele Aniwa, Futuna dare- “earth” Proto-Ambonese (Charles) dareq- “earth” Proto-Austronesian (Zorc) kor- “mountain” Proto-Oceanic goro- “mountain” Sinagoro tolo- “hills” Saa, Ulawa toro- “hills” Wango toro-puki- “mound” Maori koro- “heap” Viti kari- “mountain” Kewa kilik- “shoulder” Proto-Philippine dalam- “law” Philippines dala- “taught by painful experience or punishment” Tagalog dalam- “to press charges against” Bontok darum- “to bring suit against, press charges” Ilocano tola- “behavior, character” Lau tolaha- “custom, way” Saa, Ulawa ha'a-tolanga- “law” Saa, Ulawa ha'a-toraha- “law, command” Arosi tara- “wrong, incorrect” Anutan tula-fono- “law” Samoa ture- “law” Maori, Tahiti (Some writers suggest "ture" of Maori and Tahiti was introduced by missionaries from Hebrew, torah “sacred law”.) Back