d/l/n/r alternations


Nostratic roots

“extend”
IENH   98: *t[h](a|ë)l´-   “to stretch, spread, extend” (primary meaning)
IENH  106: *t[h](a|ë)n´-   “to extend, spread, stretch”
IENH  113: *t[h](a|ë)r-    “to spread, spread out, expand, extend;
                            to stretch, stretch out, scatter, strew”
IENH  123: *t'[a|ë]l-      “to stretch, extend”
IENH  179: *c'(i|e)l-      “to stretch out, extend, exceed;
                            be wealthy, prosper, do well”

(“extend” =?) “reach”
IENH  128: *t'(u|o)l-      “to reach, attain, strive for, come to;
                            goal, end, result”
IENH  149: *t´(a|ë)r-      “to advance toward an end or a goal;
                            to attain or achieve an end or a goal, 
                            reach, come to, arrive at;
                            to master, become master of”

“flow”
IENH  145: *d´[a|ë]w-      “to run, flow, gush forth” + l/r ->
IENH   83: *d(a|ë)n-       “to run, flow”
IENH  118: *t'[u|o]l´-     “to drip, fall in drops, sprinkle, wet, moisten”
IENH  157: *t'´[u|o]r-     “to run, flow”
HSED  747: *dur-           “flow”

“grow”
IENH    4: *b(a|ë)r-       “to swell, puff up, expand”
IENH   10: *b[u|o]l-       “to swell, expand, spread out, 
                            overflow, puff up, inflate”
IENH   24: *b(a|ë)r-       “seed, grain”
IENH   39: *p[h](i|e)r-    “to bring forth, bear fruit”
IENH  487: *wal-           “to be or become strong”   

“shine”
IENH   15: *b[a|ë]l´-      “to shine, be bright”
IENH   16: *b(a|ë)r-       “to shine, be bright”

“settled place”
IENH   19: *b(u|o)rg´-     “to protrude, be prominent”
IENH   55: *p[h](a|ë)l-    “settlement, settled place”
IENH   61: *p[h](i|e)r-    “house” (?)
which is OK when we talk of a land of islands, I suppose

“divide”
IENH   35: *p[h](i|e)l´-   “to split, cleave”
IENH   37: *p[h](a|ë)r-    “to separate, divide”

“fear”
IENH   64: *p[h](i|e)l-    “to tremble, shake;
                            to be frightened, fearful, afraid”
IENH   68: *p[h](i|e)r-    “to tremble, shake;
                            be afraid, fear”

“take”
IENH  222: *g(a|ë)r-       “to take, take hold of;
                            to take away, carry off, remove”
IENH  226: *g(a|ë)t´-      “to take (with the hand), grasp”

“twist”
IENH  227: *g(a|ë)w-al-    “to twist, turn, bend”
IENH  239: *g(u|o)r-       “to turn, twist, wind, wrap, roll”
IENH  263: *k[h](a|ë)r-    “to twist, turn, wind”
IENH  267: *k[h](a|ë)d-    “to twist, wind, wrap, bend”
IENH  293: *k'(a|ë)r-      “to twist, bend, wind, tie (together), bend,
                            (adj.) curved, bent, crooked”
IENH  306: *k´[h](e|ë)l-   “to twist, twine, wind around, plait”
IENH  331: *kw[h](u|o)r-   “to twist or twine together, 
                            tie together, bind fasten”

“bend”
IENH  261: *k[h](u|o)n-k'- “to be bent, curved, crooked;
                            hook”
IENH  317: *kw[h](u|o)l-   “to bend, curve turn, revolve;
                            to move around”
IENH  349: *G(u|o)l-       “bend, corner, edge, valley, ravine, gully”

“strike”
IENH  229: *g(u|o)l-       “to cut, cut off, pluck off, break off”
IENH  246: *k[h](a|ë)r-    “to cut”
IENH  312: *gw(a|ë)n-      “to hit, strike, slay, kill, wound, harm, injure”
IENH  342: *k'w(u|o)d-     “to strike, wound, hurt, slay”
IENH  354: *q[h](a|ë)r-    “to strike, split, cut, wound, injure”
IENH  359: *q'w(a|ë)l-     “to strike, hit, cut, hurt, wound, slay, kill”

“dog”
HSED  917: *ger-           “dog, cub”
HSED 1425: *kan-           “dog”
HSED 1434: *ka[ya]r-       “dog”
HSED 1498: *kun-           “dog”
HSED 1511: *küHen-         “dog”
HSED 1521: *kV(w|y)Vl-     “dog, wolf”

“man”
HSED 1722: *ma[ya]n-       “man”
HSED 1740: *mar[ra?]-      “man”
HSED 1803: *mur-           “man”
HSED 1806: *mut-           “man”

“slave”
HSED 1727: *mar-           “slave”
HSED 1783: *monVh.-        “slave”

“walk”
HSED 1731: *mar-           “walk”
HSED 1746: *mat-           “go, walk”
HSED 1782: *mon-           “move, go”

“river”
HSED 1733: *mar-           “drop, rain”
HSED 1747: *mat.ar-        “water”
HSED 1770: *min-           “water, river”
HSED 1774: *mir-           “river”

“spear”
HSED 1738: *mar-           “hoe (n.)”
HSED 1750: *ma(w|y)at.-    “tree”
HSED 1763: *meti?-         “spear”
HSED 1807: *mut-           “stick”
HSED 1812: *mVd-           “knife, axe”

“house”
HSED 1723: *m(a|i)n-       “house”
HSED 1732: *mar-           “house”
HSED 1748: *mawar-         “roof, house”

“eye”
HSED   93: *?id-           “eye”
HSED  110: *?ind-          “eye”
HSED  112: *?ir-           “eye”
HSED 1084: *`ayVn-         “eye”
  (> Omotic *?an- “eye”)
HSED 1101: *`il-           “eye”
  (seems based on Agaw *`il-; Central Chadic, Lowland East 
   Cushitic, Highland East Cushitic, Dahalo, and Rift have 
   *?il-)
 
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