*m-gh- “great”
PMA maha- “great, prefixed to noun” Sanskrit IENH 422: *m[a|e]?- “to increase (in numbers), to be many, to be abundant” Proto-Nostratic > *m[e|o]?- (m[e:|o:]-) “more, abundant, considerable” Proto-IndoEuropean *m[a|ë]?- “to increase (in numbers), to be many, to be abundant” Proto-AfroAsiatic *me “abundant, plenty” Sumerian IENH 513: *m[a|ë]H- “to increase, swell, exceed, surpass, be great” Proto-Nostratic > *m[a|ë]H- “to increase, swell” Proto-AfroAsiatic *ma:- “big, great” Proto-Dravidian *ma:n- “to become excellent, glorious; to be full, abundant, great; (n.) greatness, excellence, splendor, glory” Proto-Dravidian mah “to be or make great, magnificent; to be much, many” Sumerian IENH 514: *m[a|ë]G- “to be of great influence, importance or power; to be eminent, exalted, highly esteemed, glorious, illustrious” Proto-Nostratic > *maghali “high, great” Georgian, Kartvelian *m[a|ë]g- “to be of great influence, importance, or power; to be eminent, exalted, highly esteemed, glorious, illustrious” Proto-AfroAsiatic SIG, IESSG, VISW Alternative forms *m-k^.- pre-IndoEuropean-AfroAsiatic *m-g^- Proto-IndoEuropean maj-mán- “greatness, power” Sanskrit mikils “great” Gothic mikill “great” Old Norse mihhil “great” Old High German mets Armenian extended with laryngeal *mgha- ága Greek mégas “great” Great magnus “great” Latin : *m-K^.- pre-IndoEuropean-AfroAsiatic *m-g^h- Proto-IndoEuropean máha:n nom. máha(n)t- “great, extensive, powerful” Sanskrit máhas “greatness, power” Sanskrit mazant- “great” Avestan mazah- “greatness” Avestan extended with laryngeal máhi- “great” Sanskrit *m-K^.- pre-AfroAsiatic *m-s.- Proto-AfroAsiatic mas.u: “great, wide, broad, be sufficient, enough” Assyrian EHWL mex “nation”; “strong, great” Etruscan mex, mex-l “people, league, nation” Etruscan mexl “territory”; “the greatest” Etruscan EIEC *magh- “be able” mega “be able” Old Norse magan “be able” Old English may English magan “be able” Old High German magan “be able” Gothic magéti “to please, be agreeable” Lithuanian mogõ “am able” Old Church Slavonian me:khos “means, expedient” Greek ma:khos “means, expedient” Doric Greek mekhané “machine” Greek mart'ank (< *magh-thra-) “means” Armenian maghá- “gift, abundance” Sanskrit moghu- “magician” Old Persian magu- “magician” Avestan maga- “magician” Sanskrit "dubious"? ma:gulas “great” Lithuanian megále “great” Greek mahá- “great” Sanskrit *megH2- “large, great” (non-neuter *megoH2, neuter *mégH, gen. mgH2ós) maige “great, large” Old Irish mag- “large” Middle Irish Maglo-ri:x (proper name) Gaulish magnus “great” Latin mikill “large” Old Norse mjok “much” Old Norse micel “large” Old English mickle English mihhil “large” Old High German mikil-s “great, many” Gothic madh “large” Albanian mégas “large” Greek megaíron “envy” Greek mec “large” Armenian mecarem “esteem” Armenian me:kkis (< *megH2-i-) “much, many, numerous, in large numbers” Hittite maz- “large” Avestan máhi- “large” Sanskrit mäk “many” TokharianA mäka “many” TokharianB The distribution of "a" (Celtic, Latin, Albanian, Tokharian) and "e" (Germanic, Greek, Armenian, Hittite) is difficult to explain. *menegh- (if by n-infix) “abundant” meinic(c) “abundant, frequent” Old Irish mynych “frequent” Welsh mengi “multitude” Old Norse menigu “multitude” Old English manig “many” Old English many English menigi “crowd” Old High German manag “many” Old High German managei “people” Gothic manags “sufficient, many” Gothic managjan “make abundant” Gothic mûnogû “abundant” Old Church Slavonian mûnozhîtî “increase, make to be more” Old Church Slavonian mnog “abundant” Russian maghá- “gift, reward. wealth” Sanskrit mámhate “give” Sanskrit *meH1[i]- “grow” *m[e|o]H1ros “large” *meH1ros mærr “known, famous, great” Old Norse mæra “announce, praise” Old Norse märi “news, narrating; known, famous, great” Old High German mären “make known” Old High German me:reins “news, gospel” Gothic me:rjan “proclaim” Gothic Vladi-merû personal name Old Church Slavonian *moH1ros ma:r “large” Old Irish mo:raid “magnifies” Old Irish mawr “more” Welsh enkesí-mo:ros “mighty with a spear” Greek HSED 1704: *mag- “be numerous, be big” *magwa- “big, long, high” Central Chadic mogwa “big, long, high” Musgoy *mag- “much, many” East Chadic ma:g “much, many” Tumak *mag-/*mang- Saho-Afar meng- “be strong” Saho meg- “be numerous” Saho mag- “fill” Afar mangoo “plenty” Afar Nasal infix in certain forms. PMS mah “to be, make great” Sumerian PMA ma- “intensive prefix” common Austric maha- “much, many, prefix” Maori mah, mahu- “much” Malagasy, Sunda Back