Okay, by no means am I a man of the educational science society , since I was kicked out in the 9th grade, thereby having a Jethro Bodean educaseeum, I have a two digit I.Q. "99" and by far, bar none, I'm the dumb one in my humble little world of mental chaos. So, then, with my own little feeble mind-set I submit these questions in ignorance and ask those of the secular scientific community to expound and elaborate each and every point I bring up by numerical order, it simple laymen's terms. (The master that can't or shant expound to the layman is no longer the master, be it dog or man, of the master must train what he commands. - David S. Shaw.)
Gastrointestinal Parasites: Fasciola sp. and Dicrocoelium sp. (trematodes). Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) and little fluke (Dicrocoelium lanceolatum). General Description: Adult liver flukes are about 20-30 mm long and 7-14 mm wide. They are leaf-shaped, broader anteriorly than posteriorly, with an anterior cone-shaped projection that bears the anterior ventral sucker and mouth. The entire cuticle is covered with sharp spines. Flukes are hermaphroditic, containing both male and female sexual organs, and capable of self-fertilization.
Life Cycle: Liver flukes are prolific egg layers, producing an average of 19,000 eggs per day. The eggs are oval in shape, operculated at one end and yellow-brown in color. The eggs are deposited in the bile ducts of the host, pass through the gall bladder to the small intestine and are voided with the feces. Due to sporadic emptying of the gall bladder, fluke egg counts on any given day can be a poor indicator of the actual level of infection. Once eggs are deposited with the fecal pat, they can remain viable for up to one year without hatching. When an egg comes in contact with water, and with proper environmental temperatures, each egg will produce a larva, called a miracidium in 4-15 days.
The miracidium can gain access to the intermediate host, the lymnaeid snail, in one of two ways: 1.) The snail may eat the egg, and the miracidium will hatch out and begin its development within the snail. 2.) The egg will hatch in water or a moist environment, and the miracidium would actively swim and seek out a snail, actually penetrating the skin of the snail. Once in the snail, the miracidium develops into a bag-like cocoon called a sporocyst.
The sporocyst is essentially a bag of germinal (egg-type) balls that develop into 5-8 rediae. When the rediae are fully developed, they escape from the sporocyst. The redia, utilizing a simple mouth, feeds and actively migrates through the tissue of the snail. Some rediae reproduce asexually (basically splitting in two), creating two daughter rediae, further increasing the number of rediae in the snail. Each redia also contains germinal tissue and produces large numbers of offspring which are called cercariae. The cercariae, in turn, migrate out of the snail when the snail is in an aquatic environment.
Under optimal conditions the phases within the snail occur in 3-7 weeks. During dry periods, the duration of the snail phase can be much longer with the cecaria remaining in the snail for several months.
The cercariae actively swim using their tadpole-like tail and attach themselves to vegetation near the surface of the water. They shed their tail and encyst on vegetation near the surface of the water as infective metacercariae. If conditions aren't too hot and dry, the encysted metacercaria can remain infective for up to 6 months. When the metacecariae are ingested by a suitable host each metacercaria will develop into an individual fluke. Infection of a snail with one miracidium can produce over 600 infective metacercariae.
Location: When metacercariae are ingested by a bovine, they excyst in the small intestine, penetrate the wall and migrate through the peritoneum to the liver. The young fluke will migrate through the liver tissue before entering the bile ducts and developing to a reproductively capable adult. The prepatent period within the bovine is 8-10 weeks.
Geographical Distribution: Several factors are necessary for infection with liver fluke (fascioliasis) to occur. Seasonally, these factors can all be present in most areas of the United States, with very few areas exempt. The simple representation of conditions needed for liver fluke infections to develop are:
Presence of an infected animal in the area is necessary. It should be noted that the liver fluke is capable of infecting and reproducing in several animal species other than cattle. Fasciola hepatica has also been found to occur in the bile ducts of sheep, goat, and other ruminants; hare; rabbit; beaver; dog; cat and man. This broad potential host base, plus the increase in mobility of the livestock population, makes most grazing areas of the United States potentially infected.
Numerous lymnaeid snail species which are distributed across the United States and worldwide can act as the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica. The snails are amphibious, easily capable of surviving out of water when the relative humidity is high. They are capable of withstanding summer drought or winter freezing for several months by aestivating, which means hibernating deep in the mud. Permanent habitats include banks of ditches and streams, and the edges of ponds. Following periods of rainfall, temporary habitats can include hoof-prints and tire ruts. Lymnaeid snails are hermaphroditic and very prolific. In a three-month period a single snail is capable of producing up to 100,000 descendants.
Several environmental conditions are necessary for propagation and development of both the lymnaeid snail and the developing larval forms of the fluke. Moisture is necessary for the amphibious snail, and also for the swimming cercariae. The ideal temperature range for optimal development of both snail and fluke larvae is 84.6 - 93.60° F (29.2 - 34.2° C). Development can occur at temperatures between 75.6 - 84.60° F (22.6 - 29.2° C) but it will be slightly slower in a cooler environment. The snails also prefer a slightly acid pH. During certain times of the year, almost all pasture land in the United States falls into these parameters.
Significance: Eight to ten weeks after cattle ingest metacercariae, adult flukes will be present in the bile ducts of the liver. Individual adult flukes will attach at various sites to the walls of the bile duct and feed on blood. The multi-site feeding pattern in combination with the irritation from the spines on the fluke's cuticle irritate the bile ducts, which cause thickening of the bile duct walls and impairment of liver function. Chronic irritation can actually lead to calcification of the bile duct walls. The presence of a single fluke can lead to pathology of the liver and condemnation. If sufficient numbers of flukes are present, they can cause a primary anemia from their blood feeding. Proline, an amino acid produced in large amounts by adult flukes, also intensifies the thickening of the bile duct walls, and there is evidence that proline may also directly cause anemia by destroying red blood cells.
So let's see if I can get this right, by that and other studies on the subject the ant eats the slime ball manufactured by the lymnaeid snail, the lymnaeid snail manufactured the slime in response to being infected by eating the fluke eggs which were in the main host animals excrement. The fluke eggs cause the snail slime ball to have a particular chemical that affects how the ant's brain works. The ant becomes a robot instructed by the chemical. The now chemically scheduled ant obeys the chemical instruction to climb to the top of a blade of grass and then remain there stationary paralyzed. The ant sits there indefinitely or until a sheep, deer, pig rabbit cow or other grazing animal eats the grass and ingests the ant. Because the ant is infected with fluke's metacercariae, the eggs of the liver fluke, they enter the animal's small intestine by way of the ant and hatch into immature worms, and then they migrate to the bile duct of the grazing animal and mature sexually and produce more eggs. Then the eggs are passed in the feces of the animal to the ground where the snails inadvertently eat the eggs again. Then the eggs hatch in the snail and the fluke reproduces asexually and produces cercariae which are passed by the snail in the slime balls which attracts the ants as food... and the whole cycle begins again. And this is all by chance eh?
PLEASE do not give examples in nature of parallel acts/habits/traits/process. Stating that other animals are/have/retain the same traits DOES NOT explain the mechanics of the process (i.e Stating there are other species in nature that are prolific egg lays is not explaining anything, just stating the obvious. What one would need to do is show how in the process of evolution it is determined that a species would need or not need to be a prolific bearer of its young)
Questions on the ancestral linkage of the (Common) Liver Fluke.
a) Please show supporting evidence that would lead me to believe that the Liver Fluke has a genetical ancestral linkage and that the Liver Fluke was not a distinct new species given life by a Creator by intelligent design.
b) Please show supporting evidence that would lead me to believe the Liver Fluke's distinct species order was generated after the mammal and the snail host orders said parasite needs for survival (Or rational evidence that shows the Liver Fluke had a metamorphosis change consistent to survive in different hosts. (i.e. Bird/Reptile hosts.)
c) Please show supporting evidence that would lead me to believe that any evolutionary process could transform the Liver Fluke into a prolific egg layers, so crucial toward their survival. (How, in the process of evolution did the Liver Fluke/evolution know the Liver Fluke would need to lay 19,000 eggs a day as part of its survival as a species and how did this metamorphosis come about.?)
b) Please explain to me the process used by evolution that sustained the Liver Fluke until the evolutionary change to being a prolific egg layers. (If the parasite needs the 19,000 eggs are part of it's survival, how did it survive before becoming a prolific egg layer?)
e) Please show supporting evidence that would lead me to believe that the Liver Fluke has always been a prolific egg layer (If the contention is it has always been such, do you have the supporting evidence?)
Questions on the Procedures of Survival of the (Common) Liver Fluke.
a) Can you please show supporting evidence of the evolutionary process which would enables and leads the Liver Fluke to deposited its eggs in the bile duct of the hosts? (How did the Liver Fluke first know to deposit it's eggs in the bile duct through evolution process?)
b) Can you please show supporting evidence of the evolutionary process/mechanics that enables the egg to survive up to one year in the fecal matter(pat)?
c) Can you please show supporting evidence that the miracidium (larva) though any evolutionary process/mechanics would know to seek out the intermediate host, the lymnaeid snail. ( please do not state by instinct, rather, explain the process of instinct in evolution pertaining to this species.)
d) Can you please show supporting evidence that the miracidium (larva) though any evolutionary process/mechanics would know that it could enter the intermediate host two different ways? (It has been observed that if the intermediate host snail did not consume the Liver Fluke, the Liver Fluke would then know it was passed up, and seek out and enter the snail via a second way, through the skin, how could any evolutionary process have genetically enhanced the parasite to know, one, that it was not consumed by the intermediate host, and two, that it was not on the right path and three to hunt down the host and interject itself within the pores of the skin of said host? Stating that this same thing happens in other forms within nature in no way explains how through evolution process they came to be this way, only that they occur.)
e) Can you show valid scientific evidence why the evolutionary process and life cycle of the liver fluke can only be generated in the lymnaeid snail and not other species of snails?
Woooopssss, No need to go further then here, for in my research I have found this. . .
This week we salute one of the few parasites who's managed to become a star in his own right. This whimsical little fellow answers to the jaw-breaking moniker "dicrocoelium dendriticum," but he's better known for his elaborate reproduction number. You may have heard of him as the guy who invented that wild snail-to-ant-to-sheep routine. You see, D. D. is one of those ambitious parasites who aren't content to hatch, lay eggs and die in one boring host organism. He's a traveler, an ambitious fellow who won't settle for anything less than premium tour packages. For him to produce the next generation of little D.D.s, this ambitious little fluke has to pass through half the zoo!
Let's zoom in on a lovely field of grass. As we move closer, we see that the ground is covered with thousands of little eggs. These are the cute little newborn liver flukes, just waiting for a host organism to give them a ride on their way to bigger things. And who do they count on for that ride? The humble snail. Now it might seem "yucky" to you, but the little flukes look forward to being sucked up by hungry snails.
They don't need to worry about ending up as snail food, because the snails can't digest the little flukes' tough egg sacs. The eggs slide right through yucky Mister Snail and end up in the snail's excrement, waiting for a transfer to their next host, the hardworking ant.
You see, ants have a real taste for snail excrement, and the little flukes need to get into an ant's gut to reach their dreams. So they let themselves get swallowed by the ant, then go to work. Pop! go the all the thousands of little flukes once they're in the ant's guts. Then they get their little teeth going, chewing and chewing until they've chewed their way right out onto the ant's exoskeleton.
Of course, the ant doesn't think it's much fun to feel all the little flukes' sharp puppy teeth chewing through his stomach. In fact, all those holes would kill the poor ant -- but the baby flukes have thought of everything. As soon as they've chewed their way out, they turn right around and patch up the holes they chewed.
It's not that the little baby flukes feel sorry for Mister Ant. No, they just need him alive a little bit longer, because they're going to use him as their getaway car in the next stage of their cruise to the top.
This is the wildest stage of the whole caper. You see, while hundreds and hundreds of little flukes are chewing through Mister Ant, one little fluke -- just one, who's elected by the whole bunch -- gets the important job of chewing his way up into Mister Ant's little brain. This little secret-agent fluke has a mission: he's got to chew up part of the ant-brain. All the other little flukes, waiting on the ant's belly, are depending on this one special friend.
When the little lobotomy is completed, the ant turns into nothing but a fluke limo! He climbs up to the top of the nearest blade of grass and clamps on to it, steered by the fluke in his brain. That's the end of the line for Mister Ant, but the start of a great time for all the little flukes. They're listening for their next helper, the silly old sheep!
The flukes need this silly, shaggy sheep because they can only lay their eggs in a sheep's intestine. So they wait until they hear the CHOMP-CHOMP-CHOMP noise that says the sheep is coming. Then they close their eyes, and when they wake up they're right where they always wanted to be, down there in a nice warm sheep stomach, where they get down to work mating and producing thousands and thousands of little fluke eggs.
Well, you can guess how the sheep helps get those eggs down to the ground: by popping them out in its poop, of course!
So a whole new generation of little fluke eggs lies there waiting for the snails to slurp them up and start the whole cycle of life all over again.
It's a stirring story, and a funny one. Some nice scientists like Mister Stephen Jay Gould have told the story of this vagabond liver fluke as an example of how evolution doesn't have to make sense. Mister Stephen said that the whole shebang is just too durn complicated to make sense, or at least the sort of good old common sense Mister Darwin likes. Mister Stephen said it just sort of happened that way. (Before I started this page, I had no idea that the Liver Fluke and it's life cycle had been brought to anyone, or looked at in any evolutionary format. I had seen a show on the animal planet about it, which brought many questions to mind. If this is true, which I will research on if he indeed said things like that, then me asking you to explain it when he cannot would be futile. If he said anything remotely like that, WHAT a cop out!!!)
But we know better, don't we? The little liver fluke is teasing us with its crazy hijinks. It wants us to see how funny, and scary, and horrible the world is. Why, this world is Hell, the little fluke giggles to us, waving at us from the carcasse of the ant at the top of the blade of grass! It wiggles like the worms in Eraserhead, dancing around just like they did and teasing us to make us slit our throats to make it stop. But it won't EVER stop! And that's the funniest part of all, for the cute little parasites: it won't ever, ever stop! Link.
Okay, Moving Onward.
The Law of Biogenesis Spontaneous generation (the emergence of life from nonliving matter) has never been observed. All observations have shown that life comes only from life. This has been observed so consistently it is called the law of biogenesis. The theory of evolution conflicts with this scientific law when claiming that life came from nonliving matter through natural processes.
Okay lets cut to the chase, can you show me unambiguous evidence that shows the first amino acid/molecular or any nonliving form evolving into a living organism? I mean the first stage of evolution would be very important, how about showing me ev
I would think the first amino acid/molecule EVOLVING into a living organism would be a very important, but hey lets skip that stage, can you name the first living organism and show evidence of it evolving into a distinct new order?
Can you name the first living organism and show evidence of it evolving into a distinct new order? Yes or no?
Oaky how about the third living organism and showing evidence of it evolving into a distinct new order? 4th? 5th? 6th? 20th?
So we are to just jump into the middle of the story of evolution. . . don't worry about how the why or the "And once upon a time . . ." just take it on faith?
How is it not by faith one believes in abiogenesis?
When you hear those claiming to be of the scientist world use the term hypothesis (high-POTH-eh-sis), remember, they are simply taking an uneducated guess about something. They do not retain any data/facts/observations to confirm if their idea is true or false. Again also remember, when something is labeled a theory, that means there is some data/facts/observations which show it might be true, even if very limited.
Be that as it may, when science speaks of a "law in science", it speaks of something that has been shown to be true all the time, with no exceptions to the rule. The Law of Gravity is one example of this. Everyone knows that gravity holds things down, no exceptions. Gravity is not just a theory, it's a law.
There is another well-known law in science. It is known as the Law of Biogenesis (bye-oh-GEN-uh-sis). This law says two things: (1) living things always come from living things; and (2) living things produce only more living things like themselves.
That is what the Law of Biogenesis says. And remember there are no exceptions to this scientific law. Evolution is against the Law of Biogenesis!
Abiogenesis is faith based!!!
The affirmations in the Word of God on the matter of. . .
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