Achievements of Jatiya Party Government
Under President Hussain Muhammad Ershad
· One of the most
revolutionary steps of Ershad government was the establishment of the UpoZilla
system which was regarded as a unique example of decentralisation of
administration taking it to the door-steps of the people. Thana in Bangla means
a police station responsible only for maintaining law and order. Ershad
government converted 460 Thanas in rural Bangladesh into Upo Zilla in phases
over a couple of years. It was not merely a change of name. Under the system the
Upo Zilla became the nerve-centre of democratic process at the grass-root level.
An elected representative of the people became the head of administration in the
Upo Zilla - not the officer-in-charge of the police station. An Executive
Officer of the government became the coordinator of all the departments located
in the Upo Zilla. In each Upo Zilla a civil & criminal court was set up,
officers of various departments of the government like education, agriculture,
health and family planning, animal husbandry and livestock, forest and fishery
and so on were posted to directly work for the welfare of the rural people. The
system brought many salutary effects as in most cases the poor rural people were
not required to come to the district headquarters. Placement of all departmental
officers, doctors, engineers, specialists of various sectors made the Upo Zilla
villages humming in activities of nation building. Development activities opened
the doors for civil construction works, factories and industries, rural
electrification, trade and business, roads/bridges and culverts etc. which acted
as direct incentive to the rural people not to migrate to the cities as abundant
job opportunities lay in their own villages. This unique system was disbanded by
the BNP government of Khaleda Zia as soon as they came to power, only because
this revolutionary system was introduced by Ershad. Of late good sense has
prevailed Upon the Awami League government to reintroduce the Upo Zilla system.
But in the last two and half years out of their 5-year term the Awami League has
put their partymen in each and every place of public life. Therefore, Jatiya
Party has taken a stand that it will not participate in the Upo Zilla elections
unless it is held under a Caretaker Government which alone can ensure the
impartiality of the elections.
Another epoch-making
measure that Ershad and his government took was the decentralisation of 6
benches of the High Court Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh to the
Divisional Headquarters of the country. The move was unique in that the people
were not compelled to come to the capital of the country for having justice from
the High Court in Dhaka. It saved them from spending a hell of a lot of money as
well as the botheration of coming to the capital for years together until the
final dispensation of justice by the High Court was over. This also resulted in
quick disposal of justice. Another benefit was that senior and meritorious
advocates practising in the Divisional Headquarters could practise in the High
Courts remaining in their own stations
In order to save
unnecessary expenditure from the government exchequer Ershad government brought
down the number of ministries from 42 to 26 only. Similarly, 155 Autonomous
bodies were reduced to 109 for more efficient discharge of their functions and
avoid duplication of responsibilities
By converting the
Sub-divisions into districts Ershad government reduced the 5-tier administration
into 3-tiers to establish administrative expediency
Annual food production
in the country set a new record. While food production in 1971 was only about 10
million tonnes, during Ershad's time it rose to nearly 20 million tonnes. None
died of starvation and hunger. Price of rice per kg was not more than Tk. 8.00 .
While during the BNP rule the most coarse variety of rice sold between Tk. 11-14
per kg and that now under the Awami League Govt of Sheikh Hassina is selling at
Tk. 17-18 per kg. While the fine variety of rice is now selling Tk. 30 per kg.
Prices of essential food commodities like lentil, onion, edible oil, pepper etc.
have risen by hundred to a few hundred percent during the rules of BNP and Awami
League.
Ershad took the unique
step to formulate a National Drug Policy in which out of 4,000 medicines 1707
unnecessary or harmful ones were banned. The drug policy was hailed by WHO and
many countries of the world in Asia, Africa, Latin America etc. and they took it
as a model for their Health Policy. Ershad government strengthened appropriate
measures against drugs and smoking. Advertisement on smoking in the TV was
banned and declared Bangabhaban (official residence of the President) was
declared a non-smoking zone. Drug and Narcotic Board was recognized and highest
punishment for keeping narcotics was life imprisonment
460 Health Complex were
set up in the Upo Zilla. He modernised the Suhrawardi Heart Hospital and set up
a Kidney ward in the Post Graduate Medical Centre. A labour hospital was set up
in Dhaka. For treatment of drug addicts a centre was established in Gulshan.
Population growth in
Bangladesh was 3.8 which during Ershad's rule was brought down to 2.3 in
recognition of which he received the UN Population Award in 10th June 1987.
Ershad also received the UN Environment Award for his positive measures taken
for development of the environment of Bangladesh.
A revolutionary Land
Reform Policy was declared and implemented in 1982 ameliorating the sufferings
and hardship of the rural masses under centuries of old land administration
system. Full details of the reforms are available on government records. 800,000
acres of fallow land were brought under government ownership and distributed
among the landless poor of the country.
In order to save the
rural poor from the clutches of dishonest traders "Rural Rationing"
was introduced to check artificial price-hike of rice and wheat. As a result
14810 families in 4447 unions got the benefit of rural rationing which ensured
that none remained without food or died of hunger. For the benefit of the
agricultural farmers and rural small traders to have easy access to credit
facilities, 48 branches of commercial banks were placed under Bangladesh
Agricultural Bank
To rehabilitate the
floating landless population under a programme called "Operation
Address" some 12000 families were given land and homes in 460 UpoZilas all
over the country setting up 5 cluster villages in each UpaZila.
In a historic
Agricultural Farmers Convention on 7th October, 1986 Ershad declared the waiver
of agricultural credit interest upto Tk. 10,000/- which amounted to a total of
Tk. 6000 millions benefiting tens of thousands of rural farmers. He waived duty
on irrigation and agricultural equipment. Debt Settlement Board was set up to
mitigate the sufferings of the rural farmers in Bangladesh. These are considered
as historic and revolutionary measures.
For the convenience and
welfare of city duellers Ershad government planned 7 Flyovers in Dhaka City
which never saw the light of the day under subsequent governments. Plans were
also made for rehabilitation of the prostitutes through the NGOs. A
multi-storied sweepers Colony was built in Dhaka including school for education
of their children. At Ershad Nagar in Tongi thousands of floating population
were rehabilitated allotting a small home for each family.
Ershad took
revolutionary steps to improve the country's communication system. He was the
real pioneer of Jamuna Bridge in the sense that he took such measures as
collection of lavy to also build up some own resources which aroused the
interest of donor agencies/countries to come forward and help build the project.
Foundation Stone of Jamuna Bridge was laid by Hussain Muhammad Ershad on 1st
February, 1988. Jamuna bridge today has connected the northern part of the
country with the rest. Bangladesh-China Friendship Bridge over the river
Buriganga was built to connect the southern districts with the capital reducing
the distance by about 100 miles. Road communication saw tremendous development
all over the country. Building of roads, bridges, culverts took place all over
the country. Rail communication was modernised and 46 inter-city fast trains
were introduced .
For the underprivileged
rootless children a Pathakali (wayside flowers) Trust was created and facilities
made for their free education which was disbanded by the subsequent government
because it was a noble act of Ershad
Ershad government first
introduced Family Courts in each Upo Zilla for settling disputes between husband
and wife in a country where the women have been the most neglected and
oppressed. Strict laws were enacted to stop the dowry system. Death sentence
became the punishment for acid throwing on women. 10-15% of jobs was reserved
for women in government service. For girls in the rural areas education was made
free up to the 8th grade.
For the rural women
education was made free up to the 8th grade and books were distributed free of
cost for the students up to the 5th grade. Primary education was made compulsory
for all.
It was during Ershad's
regime that export of garment from Bangladesh achieved the 5th place in the
world. By government patronage a few thousand garment industries came into being
providing employment for half a million women and men (ratio 80%-20%) and
boosting export earnings all time high from year to year throughout 1982 to 1990
By identifying shrimp
and prawn as a priority sector for export special facilities were offered for
cultivation of shrimp and prawn in modern methods and boost its export specially
from the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Export of shrimp rose all time high.
To ensure fair price of
jute for the cultivators and save them from the clutches of the middle-men an
amount of Tk. 3000 million was allocated by the government for purchase of the
entire jute crops from the cultivators
For millions of
handloom producers in the rural Bangladesh special facilities and incentives
were given as a result of which this industry got a new life to cater to the
needs of clothing for the rural poor
Under a programme
"Water-front belongs to him who owns the fishing net" the fishermen
got lease on cooperative basis of the rivers, ponds, canals etc. in the country
and got loans on easy terms for purchase of nets, boats and other fishing
equipment
In order to help boost
industrialisation and foreign investment Ershad government created Bangladesh
Investment Board (BOI). During 1982-1986 government permission was given for
9000 new industrial units and private investment amounted to over Tk. 6000
million.
NGO Affairs Bureau was
also the creation of Ershad government functioning under direct supervision of
the President. It gave a tremendous boost to NGO activities in the country.
In 1988 Bangladesh saw
an unprecedented flood of the century. Ershad and his government handled the
situation in a manner that created a history in the country's disaster
management of relief operations and rehabilitation. Soon after that flood Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra
(DND) Embankment was built that saved ¾ of Dhaka city in the flood of 1998.
Embankment on the eastern side was planned to protect Baridhara, Gulshan, Banani
etc. which could not be completed as Ershad handed over power to a Caretaker
government in December 1990
Ershad raised the world
conscience to come forward and help Bangladesh in finding permanent solutions to
national calamities like flood, cyclone etc. by moving the UN, EC, Commonwealth,
World Bank, ADB, Group of 77, SAARC and many big countries of the world - so
much so that the Secretary General of UN, heads of many international agencies
and countries/governments visited Bangladesh to see for themselves how best they
could help Bangladesh in such calamaties. But after Ershad it has been only tall
talks and speeches but hardly any positive action taken to redress the
sufferings of the victims as efficiently as they were handled by Ershad during
such national calamities.
Widest tele-communication
linkage was established with the remote rural areas and Nation Wide Direct
dialing system introduced side by side with ISD telephone facility extended to
120 foreign countries of the world with Bangladesh
Milestones were set up
in the exploration of oil, gas, coal etc. in Bangladesh and rural
electrification took new wings in the remotest villages of the country. 11
natural gas drilling works were completed at various places in the country
helping gas supply for industrial and domestic use.
In 1972 Savar National
Memorial was named but in the next one decade nothing was done. Ershad completed
the Memorial to honour the millions of freedom fighters who sacrificed their
lives for the liberation of the country. Half-done Bengali Language Martyrs
Monument in memory of those who laid their lives in the language movement was
completed. Martyrs Memorial for the intellectuals of the country who gave their
lives during the liberation war was completed in Mirpur. Ershad also planned and
completed the Independence Memorial at Mujib Nagar where the first government of
Bangladesh was declared during the war of liberation.
In consideration of the
fact that Bangladesh is a country inhabited by 85% Muslims Ershad took steps
like declaration of Islam as the State Religion of Bangladesh, while
safeguarding the rights of all other religions, declaration of Friday as weekly
holiday in place of Sunday, payment of utility bills of all mosques from the
government exchequer, setting up a Zakat Board, introduction of interest-free
Islamic Bank, making Dinyat education compulsory for the Muslims up to the 10th
grade. Separate trusts were formed for Hindu Temples, Buddhist Pagodas and all
utility charges were waived for those prayer places of all religions.
For all these and many other revolutionary measures taken by Jatiya Party Government under Ershad, he was elected to the Parliament from jail twice in 1991 and 1996 capturing all the 5 seats - the maximum number one can contest in the National Assembly election, in spite of the fact that he contested in both the elections from the Central Jail being implicated in a number of false and fictitious cases. This bears eloquent testimony to the success of Ershad as a politician and an able and most efficient administrator Bangladesh has ever seen since the liberation of the country in 1971 taking into consideration all the heads of state and governments that have ruled this country till date.
President Ershad is remembered by the people with gratitude and lives in the hearts of his countrymen who in one voice agree that in terms of the country's development and welfare works Bangladesh has seen the most efficient and able leader in him and therefore they would like to see him back in power again