A number of units and buildings exist. This is an alphabetical list, not a time-period list.
Units
Cyborg Troopers
Basically, full-conversion cybernetic troopers armed to the teeth.
Hyperspace Missile
This missile unit is used for long-range space warfare. It requires a type of missile (typically nuclear or antimatter-grade) and Hyperspace Drives, as well as Robotic Automation. A target is given, along with coordinates, and the missile hyperspaces to that target and then uses a conventional propulsion to drive it to it's target.
Nuclear Satellite
A satellite loaded with nuclear missiles. Be careful... they can burn you on the diplomatic side. Requires Automation and a Satellite Control Facility.
Buildings
Alchemy Lab
This lab requires Alchemy and is fairly small. Its maintenance costs will fluctuate in it's early days as the alchemists try all sorts of crazy ways to extract gold or the Sorceror's Stone, but it will even out later on, and some real Chemistry will eventually occur. An Alchemy Lab puts automatic Research into Chemistry, meaning that without your assistance, the Alchemy Lab will develop Chemistry, albeit at a slower rate.
Satellite Control Facility
A single Satellite Control Facility can control multiple satellites. Satellites offer communication and offensive advantages.
University
A location of higher learning.