Vanrose: As he is the leader of the pioneer expedition, he is most likely going to be the mayor, or whatever they call the position. At the very least, some sort of community organizer who keeps the townspeople together. Heck, he's got the charisma and stubborn will to do something like that.
Shelley: If Vanrose is the town leader, I can see Shelley as the town's sheriff. She's got a tough, no-nonsense attitude that doesn't take crud (especially not when Vanrose is being unreasonable), as well as the calm disposition to handle whatever crises might occur. And she's got a gun...
Claude: He runs the train station...since that's what he's doing at the end of the game.
Doug: Town blacksmith. Considering he did that for you in the game, I'm sure he'd continue the trade in the new world. Heck, he's wearing his workman's apron the entire time.
Ileyda: If she isn't a housewife, I'm sure she's retired from whatever she did back in the city. Though if she was still doing some work in the new town (considering they're still making it) I'm sure it would be owning a shop of some sorts. The Japanese manual does list her as a housewife, however that still might change seeing as they may need her help doing something in the new town (I'm going for selling things that her husband makes so he can concentrate on the actual creation).
Philis & Telmia: Mother-daughter business. Since they're both cooks, I'd say either A) a bed and breakfast, B) a hotel that offers other meals besides breakfast or C) a restaurant. Maybe, if it's an inn/restaurant combo, there will be a bar there at night.
Rick: Mostly doing his magic acts, but since I doubt that is enough to support his family, Diana probably made him get a second job. Probably helping out the others who have businesses of their own, or even being Shelley's deputy (cuz I can just see Diana pushing him into doing something manly as his second profession...indirectly or not).
Diana: For some weird reason, I see her as a hairdresser...
Yurald: Obviously built a church in town and is the head priest there, if not the only priest.
Jean & Eberle: Considering the end of the game, they opened up a clinic.
Halley & Emmy: Since they're kids, it's hard to tell as of now. Most likely, in about five to seven years, Halley starts his training to become a Gate Guardian, possibly apprenticing under Ark and Ivy (that would be a definite if he had any say in it). Emmy might go with her brother, or she might stay and learn medicine from her parents. Or, do both. She could be a battlefield medic.