SENSATION & PERCEPTION

SENSATION & PERCEPTION Review Assignment

1. Is sensation an active process or a passive process?

2. Is perception an active process or a passive process?

3. Students in class should focus on what the teachers are saying and the overheads being presented. Students walking by the classroom may focus on people in the room, who is the teacher, etc., and not the same thing as the students in the class. This is an example of

a) Perceptual Expectancy

b) Selective Attention

4. As a Canadian, when I look at a highway, I expect to see cars, trucks, etc, NOT airplanes. But someone from a different country with different experiences and history may not have any idea what to expect and thus be surprised when they see cars go driving by. This is an example of

a) Perceptual Expectancy

b) Selective Attention

5. How many of the following statements apply to perception

---> sensory organs absorb energy from a physical stimulus

---> the brain organizes the information and translates it

---> discriminating between what is important & is irrelevant

---> sensory receptors convert energy into neural impulses

---> neural impulses from receptors get sent to the brain

a) one

b) two

c) three

d) four

6) You may look at a painting and not really understand the message the artist is trying to convey. But, if someone tells you about it, you might begin to see things in the painting that you were unable to see before. This is an example of

a) Perceptual Expectancy

b) Selective Attention

7) Define Psychophysics

8) Many modern classrooms have automatic light sensors. When people have not been in a room for a while, the lights go out. However, once someone walks into the room, the lights go back on. For this to happen, the sensor has a _______________ for motion that must be crossed before it turns the lights back on. So, dust floating in the room should not make the lights go on, but a person walking in should.

a) signal detection theory

b) threshold

c) mass threshold

d) difference threshold

9) When you pick up a 5 lb weight, and then a 10 pound weight, you can feel a big difference between the two. However, when you pick up 100 lbs, and then 105 lbs, it is much more difficult to feel the difference. With the increase in weight there was a change in which threshold?

a) Mass threshold

b) Difference threshold

c) Lift threshold

d) Signal detection threshold

10) Both sensory and decision making processes are influenced by many factors such as

a) Noise

b) Criterion

c) Intensity

d) All of the Above

e) None of the Above

11) At a party, you order a pizza...you need to pay attention so that you will be able to detect the appropriate signal (doorbell), especially since there is a lot of noise at the party. But when you first order the pizza, you know it won't be there in 2 minutes, so you don't really pay attention for the doorbell. As the time for the pizza to arrive approaches, however, you become more focused on the doorbell and less on extraneous noise. What happened?

a) your criterion changed

b) your signal detection threshold changed

c) Your difference threshold changed

d) None of the Above

12) the visual system works on sensing and perceiving light waves. Light waves vary in their length and amplitude. A change in wavelength

a. affects brightness perception.

b. affects color perception

13) the visual system works on sensing and perceiving light waves. Light waves vary in their length and amplitude. A change in wave amplitude

a. affects brightness perception.

b. affects color perception

14) the round, transparent area that allows light to pass into the eye.

a. Lens b. Retina c. Cornea d. Pupil e. Fovea f. Rods g. Cones

15) the transparent structure that focuses light onto the retina.

a. Lens b. Retina c. Cornea d. Pupil e. Fovea f. Rods g. Cones

16) inner membrane of the eye that receives information about light using rods and cones.

a. Lens b. Retina c. Cornea d. Pupil e. Fovea f. Rods g. Cones

17) opening at the center of the iris which controls the amount of light entering the eye. Dilates and Constricts.

a. Lens b. Retina c. Cornea d. Pupil e. Fovea f. Rods g. Cones

18) visual receptor cells that are important in daylight vision and color vision.

a. Lens b. Retina c. Cornea d. Pupil e. Fovea f. Rods g. Cones

19) a tiny spot in the center of the retina that contains ONLY cones...visual acuity is best here.

a. Lens b. Retina c. Cornea d. Pupil e. Fovea f. Rods g. Cones

20) visual receptor cells that are important for night vision and peripheral vision.

a. Lens b. Retina c. Cornea d. Pupil e. Fovea f. Rods g. Cones

21) to see best at night, look just above or below the object...this keeps the image on the

a. Lens b. Retina c. Cornea d. Pupil e. Fovea f. Rods g. Cones

22) The ____________ are mostly in and around the fovea but decrease as you go out.

a. Lens b. Retina c. Cornea d. Pupil e. Fovea f. Rods g. Cones

23) We can see many colors, but pick up light waves for which three colors?

24) this theory indicates that we can receive 3 types of colors (red, green, and blue) and that the cones vary the ratio of neural activity (Like a projection T.V.). The ratio of each each color to the other then determines the exact color that we see.

a) Opponent-Process Theory

b) Trichromatic Theory

25) This theory says that color perception depends on the reception of pairs of antagonist colors. Each receptor can only work with one color at a time so the other color in the pair is blocked out. Pairs = red-green, blue-yellow, black- white (light-dark).

a) Opponent-Process Theory

b) Trichromatic Theory

Choose the Appropriate Gestalt Principles of Perceptual Organization for questions 26 - 35.

26. we group elements that make a good form. However, the idea of "good form" is a little vague and subjective. Most psychologists think good form is what ever is easiest or most simple.

a. figure-ground b. simplicity/pragnanz c. proximity d. closure