Test Seven Review Psychology 11 Name: _________________

1. Define Memory.

2. When psychologists study memory they usually focus on what 3 key questions?

3. These 3 questions correspond to what 3 key processes in memory?

4. The most popular model/theoretical framework today is the Information Processing Theory, modeled after what piece of electronic equipment?

5. For the memory process to begin, we must first encounter some stimulus (identified as "input" in the model above), which goes into sensory storage. How long is information preserved in sensory storage?

6. Within sensory storage we have 2 distinct stores - an iconic and echoic. Distinguish between the two.

7. Once we have successfully recognized or attended to the information, we are able to bring the information into SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM) - a limited capacity store that can maintain information for approximately how long?

8. You pick up the phone and call information to get the number of a local pizza delivery place. When the operator gives the number, you say the number over and over so that you don't forget it in the time it takes to hang up and dial the number. This process won't help get the information into long term memory, but it will help keep it in short term memory a little longer. This process of repeating the number over and over is called?

9. STM seems to be divided into ___________. To be precise, STM has 7 of these, each one capable of holding one piece of information. This is also commonly referred to as the MAGIC #7 (+/- 2), which was introduced by George Miller.

10. We are bombarded with so much information all the time that STM can become cluttered. In order to prevent the clutter from becoming too much, STM pushes some information out in order to make room for other information. What information is least likely to get pushed out?

11. This is the most basic type of long term memory (very simplistic) and primarily involves memories of rudimentary procedures and behaviors.

12. This is the type of long term memory containing mental models of the environment as well as procedures.

13. This is the type of long term memory with information about events, people, places, etc., that include an autobiographical aspect as well as a time and place.

14. Forgetting due to memories fading over time. This does NOT apply to LTM. This often occurs in sensory storage and STM since we do not need to process and store all the information that we encounter. Psychologists term this:

15. A purposeful process of blocking or "suppressing" information. FREUD referred to this as Repression. Psychologists term this:

16. Information learned previously causes problems with new information. Psychologists term this:

17. Information stored in LTM is not being accessed or brought out properly; however, if given enough time or cues, it is possible to retrieve the information. Psychologists term this:

18. Information in LTM was distorted, altered, or changed so it is no longer accessible when searching for what it "used to be". The information can be retrieved, but only if you look for it in its new form. Psychologists term this:

19. False Memories - How and Why: The Misinformation Effect - an unconscious adoption of later-learned information. The misinformation effect occurs when information received after a memory has formed influences the way we remember the event. It occurs when someone fails to record into memory certain details of an event (remember, we can't process and store ALL pieces of information from an event). Then, when they see or hear another person's account of what occurred, they include these new pieces of information into their own memory. This finding has been demonstrated empirically many times. Why are children especially susceptible to the misinformation effect?

20. Police are notorious for using this type of questions to evoke the types of responses they want from witnesses. For example, if you were a witness to a robbery, a police officer might ask you, "what type of gun did the robber have" instead of asking you "did the robber have any type of weapon". What do we call the type of question I am refering to?