For scanners, shortwaves, and other multi-band radio receivers
Includes information for the North Country, the nation, and the world
Copyright 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 1997, 1998, 1999 M.E. Mosher
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Compiled by Marc E. Mosher
Okay to copy and distribute freely as long
as no changes are made to text.
All below frequencies are public knowledge
but if you make any excerpts please credit
this text and me.
Disclaimer: I make no claim that all of the
frequencies listed here are 100% accurate
and valid. This is a frequency list and
guide, only. Some of the frequencies
listed here are for informational purposes
only, and are not legal for the public to
monitor. See the notes at the end of this
text for more info on what's legal and
what's not, also check with a *reliable*
local authority for more complete info.
300-3000 Khz MF (Medium Frequency)
----------------------------------------
.535-1.705 MHz
Commercial AM Band
1.427-1.429 MHz
Space Research Frequency Allocations
1.500-1.900 MHz
Older Cordless phones
1.635-1.776 (1.7 common) MHz Some older
cordless phones,
paired with 49 MHz
1.705-1.800 MHz
Fixed Service - Land/Mobile/Marine
1.800-2.000 MHz
Amateur - 160-meters, General, <1500 watts
2-2.107 MHz
Maritime Mobile
2-2.500 MHz
Marine, Coast-wise
2.107-2.170 MHz
Fixed Service - Land/Mobile/Marine
2.170-2.194 MHz
Land Mobile Service
2.194-2.300 MHz
Fixed Service
2.200-2.300 MHz
Space Research Frequency Allocations
2.300-2.495 MHz
Shortwave - 120-Meters "tropical band"
2.505-2.850 MHz
Fixed Service - Land/Mobile/Marine
2.850-3.155 MHz
Aeronautical Mobile - Trans-oceanic Flights
3-30 MHz HF (High
Frequency)
----------------------------------------
3.155-3.200 MHz
Fixed Service
3.200-3.400 MHz
Shortwave Broadcast - 90-Meters
3.400-3.500 MHz
Aeronautical Mobile - Trans-oceanic Flights
3.500-3.525 MHz
Amateur - 80-Meters, CW/RTTY Extra, <1500 watts
3.500-4.100 MHz
MARS (Used Regionally)
3.525-3.750 MHz
Amateur - 80-Meters, CW/RTTY General, <1500 watts
3.700-3.750 MHz
Amateur - 80-Meters, CW Novice, <200 watts
3.750-3.775 MHz
Amateur - 75-Meters, CW/SSB Extra, <1500 watts
3.775-3.850 MHz
Amateur - 75-Meters, CW/SSB Advanced, <1500 watts
3.850-4.000 MHz
Amateur - 75-Meters, CW/SSB General, <1500 watts
3.900-4 MHz
Shortwave Broadcast - 75-Meters
4-4 MHz
Time Standard - New WARC Allocation Region 3
4-4.063 MHz
Fixed Service
4-9 MHz
Marine, High Seas And Inland Waterways
4.063-4.438 MHz
Maritime Mobile - Ship/Shore
4.438-4.650 MHz
Fixed Service
4.650-4.750 MHz
Aeronautical Mobile - Trans-oceanic Flights
4.750-5.060 MHz
Shortwave Broadcast - 60-Meters
5.005-5.450 MHz
Fixed Service
5.450-5.730 MHz
Aeronautical Mobile - Trans-oceanic Flights
5.730-5.950 MHz
Fixed Service
5.950-6.200 MHz
Shortwave Broadcast - 49-Meters
6.200-6.525 MHz
Maritime Mobile - Ship/Shore
6.525-6.765 MHz
Aeronautical Mobile - Trans-oceanic Flights
6.765-7 MHz
Fixed Service
7.000-7.025 MHz
Amateur - 40-Meters, CW/RTTY Extra, <1500 watts
7.025-7.150 MHz
Amateur - 40-Meters, CW/RTTY General, <1500 watts
7.100-7.150 MHz
Amateur - 40-Meters, CW Novice, <200 watts
7.150-7.225 MHz
Amateur - 40-Meters, CW/SSB Advanced, <1500 watts
7.225-7.300 MHz
Amateur - 40-Meters, CW/SSB General, <1500 watts
7.300-8.195 MHz
Fixed Service
7.300-7.700 MHz
MARS (Used Regionally)
8-8 MHz
Time Standard - New WARC Allocation Region 3
8.195-8.815 MHz
Maritime Mobile - Ship/Shore
8.400-8.500 MHz
Space Research Frequency Allocations
8.815-9.040 MHz
Aeronautical Mobile - Trans-oceanic Flights
9.040-9.500 MHz
Fixed Service
9.500-9.900 MHz
Shortwave Broadcast - 31-Meters
9.775-9.995 MHz
Fixed Service
10.000-10.300 MHz MARS (used
as gateway station for overseas calls)
10.003-10.005 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
10.005-10.100 MHz Aeronautical
Mobile - Trans-oceanic Flights
10.100-11.175 MHz Fixed
Service
10.100-10.150 MHz Amateur
- 30-Meters, CW/RTTY General, <200 watts
11.175-11.400 MHz Aeronautical
Mobile - Trans-oceanic Flights
11.400-11.650 MHz Fixed
Service
11.650-12.050 MHz Shortwave
Broadcast - 25-Meters
12-22 MHz
Marine, High Seas
12.050-12.330 MHz Fixed
Service
12.330-13.200 MHz Maritime
Mobile - Ship/Shore
13.200-13.360 MHz Aeronautical
Mobile - Trans-oceanic Flights
13.360-13.600 MHz Fixed
Service
13.600-13.800 MHz Shortwave
- 22-Meter - New WARC Allocation
13.800-14 MHz
Fixed Service
13.900-14.500 MHz MARS (used
as gateway station for overseas calls)
14.000-14.025 MHz Amateur
- 20-Meters, CW/RTTY Extra, <1500 watts
14.025-14.150 MHz Amateur
- 20-Meters, CW/RTTY General, <1500 watts
14.150-14.175 MHz Amateur
- 20-Meters, CW/SSB Extra, <1500 watts
14.175-14.225 MHz Amateur
- 20-Meters, CW/SSB Advanced, <1500 watts
14.225-14.350 MHz Amateur
- 20-Meters, CW/SSB General, <1500 watts
14.350-14.995 MHz Fixed
Service
14.800-15.350 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
15.010-15.100 MHz Aeronautical
Mobile - Trans-oceanic Flights
15.100-15.600 MHz Shortwave
Broadcast - 19-Meters
15.500-15.800 MHz MARS Frequency
Range
15.600-16.460 MHz Fixed
Service
16.460-17.360 MHz Maritime
Mobile - Ship/Shore
17.360-17.550 MHz Fixed
Service
17.550-17.900 MHz Shortwave
Broadcast - 16-Meters
17.900-18.030 MHz Aeronautical
Mobile - Trans-oceanic Flights
18.030-18.780 MHz Fixed
Service
18.068-18.110 MHz Amateur
- CW/RTTY General, <1500 watts
18.068-18.168 MHz Amateur
- 17 Meters
18.068-18.168 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
18.110-18.168 MHz Amateur
- CW/SSB General, <1500 watts
18.780-18.900 MHz Maritime
Mobile - Ship/Shore
18.900-19.680 MHz Fixed
Service
19.680-19.800 MHz Maritime
Mobile - Ship/Shore
19.800-21 MHz
Fixed Service
19.995-20.010 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
20.000-22.000 MHz MARS (used
as gateway station for overseas calls)
21.000-21.025 MHz Amateur
- 15-Meters, CW/RTTY Extra, <1500 watts
21.025-21.200 MHz Amateur
- 15-Meters, CW/RTTY General, <1500 watts
21.100-21.200 MHz Amateur
- 15-Meters, CW Novice, <200 watts
21.100-21.400 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
21.200-21.225 MHz Amateur
- 15-Meters, CW/SSB Extra, <1500 watts
21.225-21.300 MHz Amateur
- 15-Meters, CW/SSB Advanced, <1500 watts
21.300-21.450 MHz Amateur
- 15-Meters, CW/SSB General, <1500 watts
21.450-21.850 MHz Shortwave
Broadcast - 13-Meters
21.850-22 MHz
Aeronautical Mobile
22-22.720 MHz
Maritime Mobile - Ship/Shore
22.210-22.500 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
22.720-23.200 MHz Fixed
Service
23.200-23.350 MHz Aeronautical
Mobile
23.350-24.990 MHz Fixed
Service
24.890-24.930 MHz Amateur
- 12-Meters, CW/RTTY General, <1500 watts
24.930-24.990 MHz Amateur
- 12-Meters, CW/SSB General, <1500 watts
25.005-25.010 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
25.010-25.330 MHz Petroleum
Industry
25.330-25.600 MHz Gov't
Frequency
25.600-26.100 MHz Shortwave
Broadcast - 11-Meters
25.870-26.470 MHz Remote
Pick-up & STL
26.100-26.480 MHz Land Mobile
Service
26.100-26.480 MHz Wireless
Mikes Used by TV & Radio
26.480-26.950 MHz Gov't
26.950-26.960 MHz International
Fixed Service
26.960-27.410 MHz Citizen's
Band - 11-Meters
26.995-27.255 MHz Aircraft/Car/Boat
Remote Control
27.410-27.540 MHz Land Mobile
Service
27.540-28 MHz
Gov't
28.000-28.300 MHz Amateur
- 10-Meters, CW/RTTY General, <1500 watts
28.100-28.300 MHz Amateur
- 10-Meters, CW/RTTY Novice, <200 watts
28.300-28.500 MHz Amateur
- 10-Meters, CW/SSB Novice, <200 watts
28.300-29.700 MHz Amateur
- 10-Meters, CW/SSB General, <1500 watts
29.700-29.800 MHz Forestry
Service
29.800-29.890 MHz Fixed
Service
29.890-29.910 MHz Gov't
29.910-30 MHz
Fixed Service
30-300 MHz VHF (Very High
Frequency)
---------------------------------------
30-54 MHz
VHF LO Band
30-46.610 MHz
Business Band, Gov't
30.000-30.560 MHz US Government
30.005-30.010 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
30.560-31.980 MHz Business
/ Industry / Forestry
30.860-31.980 MHz Parks
and Recreation Public Safety Band
31.990-32.000 MHz Public
Safety
32.000-33.000 MHz US Government
33.000-33.100 MHz Public
Safety
33.020-33.100 MHz Road Maintenance
& Special Services
33.120-33.400 MHz Business
/ Petroleum
33.420-33.980 MHz Fire Departments
34.000-35.000 MHz US Government
34.200-34.700 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
35.020-36.000 MHz Business
/ Paging
35.220-35.660 MHz Radio
Paging
36.000-37.000 MHz US Government
36-37 MHz
Space Research Frequency Allocations
37.020-37.420 MHz Local
Government and Police
37.460-37.860 MHz Power,
Water, Pipeline
37.900-37.980 MHz Roads
Maintenance and Special Emergency Services
38.000-39.000 MHz US Government
39.020-40.000 MHz Police
/ Local Gov't
39.986-40.020 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
40.000-42.000 MHz US Government
40.980-41.015 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
42.020-42.940 MHz Police
Departments
42.960-43.680 MHz Business
/ Paging
43.220-43.640 MHz Radio
Paging
43.700-44.600 MHz Transportation
- bus, truck / Cordless base
44.620-45.060 MHz State Police
/ Forestry Conservation
44.620-46.580 MHz Parks
& Recreation, Fire Departments, Local Gov't
44.620-46.480 MHz Police,
Roads Maintenance, Special Services
43.720-43.480 MHz New Cordless
Phone base allocation (15 channels)
45.080-45.860 MHz Police
/ Local Gov't / Highway Maint
45.900-46.040 MHz Police
/ Emergency
46.060-46.500 MHz Fire
46.520-46.580 MHz Local
Gov't
46.610-46.970 MHz Portable
(Cordless) Phones/Base (20/40 kHz steps)
46.670-49.990 MHz No license
required for low power devices
48.760-49.500 MHz New Cordless
Phone remote
allocation (15 channels)
47.020-47.400 MHz Highway
Maint
47-49.670 MHz
Business Band
47.440-47.680 MHz Industry
/ Emergency
47.700-49.580 Mhz Industry
/ Cordless handset
49.610-49.990 MHz Portable
(Cordless) Phones/Handset (irregular steps)
49.670-49.970 MHz Room/Baby
Monitors
49.830-49.890 MHz 49 MHz
Walkie-Talkies (Unlicensed)
49.845-49.930 MHz Pre-1984
Cordless Telephones
50.000-50.100 MHz Amateur
- 6-Meters, CW Technician, <1500 watts
50.100-54.000 MHz Amateur
- 6-Meters, Technician, <1500 watts
50.200-50.400 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
50.800-50.980 MHz Aircraft/Car/Boat
Remote Control
53.100-53.800 MHz Aircraft/Car/Boat
Remote Control
54-72 MHz
VHF Television (Ch 2 - 4) (6 MHz steps - FMw)
54.200-58.200 MHz Space
Research Frequency Allocations
72.000-76.000 MHz (Various)
72-76 MHz
Fixed (Point-To-Point) Pagers
72.010-72.996 MHz Aircraft
Model Remote Control
72.010-72.990
Radio Control, Model Aircraft
75.410-75.990
Radio Control, Model Cars & Boats
76-88 MHz
VHF Television (Ch 5 - 6) (6 MHz steps - FMw)
88-107.900 MHz
Commercial FM Band (200 kHz steps - FMw)
108.000-117.950 MHz Aero - VOR and ILS
localizer (50 kHz steps)
108-112 MHz
Aviation Navigation (Terminal VOR, ILS,
80 50 Khz Channels, Spaced .025 MHz Apart
112-117.950 MHz
Aviation Navigation (VOR)
(Currently 120 50 Khz Channels)
116-126 MHz
Space Research Frequency Allocations
118-136.975 MHz
Aviation Communication
(Currently 720 25 Khz Channels-AM)
128.900-132.00 MHz Commercial
Airline Business Messages
136-138 MHz
Weather Satellite, Gov't, Business
137-174 MHz
VHF HI Band
137-144 MHz
Space Research Frequency Allocations
137.000-138.000 MHz Satellite
138.000-144.000 MHz US Government -
land mobile (25 kHz steps)
144.000-144.100 MHz Amateur - 2-Meters,
CW Technician, <1500 watts
144.100-148.000 MHz Amateur - 2-Meters,
Technician, <1500 watts
(band with many repeaters)
145.100-145.500 MHz Ham Autopatch
146.610-147.390 MHz Ham Autopatch
148.000-149.900 MHz US Government -
fixed/mobile, satellite
148-151 MHz
CAP, CD, MARS, Gov't (153.785-155.98 MHz and
158.73-159.46 MHz are where most activity is)
149.900-150.050 MHz Satellite - radionavigation
150.050-150.800 MHz US Government -
fixed/mobile
150-151 MHz
Space Research Frequency Allocations
150.815-150.965 MHz Auto Emergency
150.995-151.595 MHz Parks & Recreation,
Forestry, Industry, Roads Maintenance
150-151.475 MHz
Animal Tracking Collars in Ontario
(Could be the same for all of Canada and US?)
151.625-151.955 MHz Business (30 kHz
steps)
151-156.250 MHz
Business Band (Police, Fire)
152.030-152.240 MHz Mobile phone (Base)
/ Page (30 kHz steps)
152.270-152.450 MHz Taxi (Base)
152.480-152.825 MHz IMTS Telephone/Canada
152.510-152.810 MHz IMTS Telephone &
Radio Paging, RCC (mobile telephone base)
152.510-152.840 MHz Mobile phone (Base)
/ Page (30 kHz steps)
152.840-153.380 MHz Remote Pick-up &
STL
152.870-153.725 MHz Industry
153.740-154.445 MHz Fire Departments
and Local Government (mobile)
154.452-154.482 MHz Industry (telemetry)
(7.5 kHz steps)
154.490-154.625 MHz Industry
154.515-154.600 MHz Wireless Mikes/Walkie-Talkies/Drive-thru's
154.650-156.240 MHz Local Gov't, Police,
Roads, Special Services
156.025-157.425 MHz Maritime (ship)
(25 kHz steps)
157.450-160.200 MHz Business Band (Police,
Fire)
157.470-157.515 MHz Auto Emergency
157.530-157.710 MHz Taxi (mobile) /
Business
157.770-158.100 MHz Mobile phone (mobile)
/ Page (30 kHz steps)
158.130-158.460 MHz Industry
158.490-158.700 MHz Radio Paging (mobile)
/ Page (30 kHz steps)
158.490-158.670 MHz Mobile telephone
- RCC (mobile)
158.730-159.465 MHz Parks & Recreation,
Local Gov't, Police, Roads
158.910-161.565 MHz Railroads/Canada
159.225-159.465 MHz Forestry Conservation
159.495-160.200 MHz Transportation-bus,
truck
160.215-161.610 MHz Railroad
160.625-160.950 MHz Maritime-Coast (25
kHz steps)
161.500-162.025 MHz Maritime-Coast (25
kHz steps)
161.605-161.795 MHz Business Band (Radio
And TV Remotes)
161.625-161.775 MHz Wireless Mikes used
at TV & Radio Stations
161.640-161.760 MHz Wireless Mikes/Remote
Pick-ups/STL'S
161.800-162.025 MHz Marine Band (Telephone)
162.025-174.000 MHz Mainly US Gov't
- land mobile
(This is the common "Government Band",
frequency spacing is typically 12.5 Khz, other
users are 5 Khz spacing, also look for federal
agency pagers)
162-174 MHz
Some Business (Radio And TV Remotes)
162.400-162.550 MHz NOAA Weather
174-216 MHz
VHF Television (Ch 7 - 13, 6 MHz steps-FMw)
174.500-176.500 MHz Space Research Frequency
Allocations
200-202 MHz
Space Research Frequency Allocations
216.0125-216.4875 MHz AMTS Group D Channels
101-120 for Coast/Ship
216.5125-216.9875 MHz AMTS Group C Channels
121-140 for Coast/Ship
217.0125-217.4875 MHz AMTS Group B Channels
141-160 for Coast
(paired to 219.0125-219.4875)
217.5125-217.9875 MHz AMTS Group A Channels
161-180 for Coast
(paired to 219.5125-219.9875)
216-220 MHz
Medical Telemetry
218-219 MHz
Interactive Video & Data Services (IVDS)
219-220 MHz
Amateur Radio & Automated Maritime
Telecommunications (50 miles between AMTS
& amateur operations) (25 kHz steps)
219.0125-219.4875 MHz AMTS Group B Channels
141-160 for Ship
(paired to 217.0125-217.4875)
219.5125-219.9875 MHz AMTS Group B Channels
161-180 for Ship
(paired to 217.5125-217.9875)
220-225 MHz
Amateur - Technician, <1500 watts
(band with many repeaters)
220-221
(Private land Mobile) - base (5 KHz steps)
221-222
(Private land Mobile) - mobile (6 KHz steps)
220-222 MHz
Land Mobile Radio
220.0025-220.9975 MHz General (trunked)-base
(5 kHz steps)
222.000-225.000 MHz Amateur (1.25-meter)
221.0025-221.9975 MHz General (trunked)-mobile
(5 kHz steps)
222.100-223.910 MHz Amateur - 1.25-Meters,
Novice, <25 watts
223.850-224.980 MHz Ham Autopatch
225.000-328.600 MHz US Government -
Aero (50/100 kHz steps - AM)
225-400 MHz
Both Civilian And Gov't.
225-400 MHz
Many Security Low Power Control Devices
225-328 MHz
Fixed Land, Mobile, Air (Military)
230-396 MHz
AM Military Air
235-238 MHz
Space Research Frequency Allocations
240-270 MHz
Satellite Downlinks Military 30 Khz spacing
272-273 MHz
Space Research Frequency Allocations
300-3000 MHz UHF (Ultra High Frequency)
---------------------------------------
300-328 MHz
Coast Guard
300-318 MHz
Some car alarm transmitters
328.600-335.400 Mhz Aeronautical Radio
Navigation (Military) (50 kHz steps)
390 MHz
Sears Garage Door Openers (? Others too?)
329-335 MHz
Gov't (Airport Glide Slope Navigation)
335.400-400.000 MHz US Government -
Aero (50/100 kHz steps - AM)
399.900- 400.050 Military
Radio Navigation Satellites
400-420 MHz
Gov't (Base Walkie/Talkies, Pagers, etc.)
400-406 MHz
Gov't - Meteorological/Space
400.000-406.000 MHz US Gov't - Meteorological
/ Space
403-406 MHz
Space Research Frequency Allocations
406.100-420.000 MHz US Gov't - land
mobile (12.5/25 kHz steps)
(Federal Agency Pagers In Some Areas)
420-450 MHz
Amateur - 70-CM, Technician, <1500 watts
(power <50 watts near certain military radars)
420-450 MHz
Military radar & radiolocation
422.200-430.000 MHz Land mobile in Detroit,
Cleveland, Buffalo
442.000-445.000 MHz Ham Autopatch
447.000-450.000 MHz Ham Autopatch
450-470 MHz
Business Band (Police, Fire, Radio/TV Remotes)
(Most activity is between 453.025-453.950 and
between 456.025-459.950, spacing 5 MHz apart)
450-451 MHz
Wireless Mikes Used at Radio & TV Stations
450-450.9875
TV and Radio station remotes
450.050-450.950 MHz Remote Pick-ups
& STL
451.175-451.6875 MHz Telephone Repair
451.025-452.025 MHz Industry
451.025-454.950, 460.025-464.975 MHz
Base & repeater units
associated with mobile units and control stations above
(when active station is found look 5 MHz higher for
mobile unit or control station)
452.050-452.500 MHz Taxi / Industry
/ Transport
452.525-452.600 MHz Automobile Emergency
452.625-452.950 MHz Transportation-Trucks
/ Railroad
452.975-453.000 MHz Relay Press
453.0125-453.9875 MHz Parks & Recreation,
Fire, Local Gov't, Police
453.0125-453.9875 MHz Roads Maintenance,
Special Services
453.025-453.975 MHz Local Gov't / Public
Safety
454.025-454.350 MHz RCC (mobile telephone,
base) & Radio Paging
454.375-454.625 MHz Mobile telephone
(at every .025 MHz apart, base)
454.400-454.650 MHz IMTS Telephone &
Radio Paging
454.625-454.950 MHz Mobile telephone
(at every .050 MHz apart)
454.700-454.975 MHz TELCO Air/Ground
Operators
455-455.9875
TV and Radio station remotes
455.050-455.950 MHz Remote Pick-ups
& STL
455-456 MHz
Wireless Mikes Used at TV & Radio Stations
456.025-457.025 MHz Industry
456.025-459.950, 465.025-469.975 MHz
Mobile units & control
stations associated with base & repeater units below
(when active station is found look 5 MHz lower for
base or repeater)
457.050-457.500 MHz Taxi / Industry
/ Transport
457.5125-457.6125 MHz Wireless Mikes/Walkie-talkies/Drive
thru's
457.525-457.600 MHz Maritime-shipboard
repeater (mobiles @ 467.xxx)
Business-low power
457.625-457.950 MHz Transportation-Trucks
/ Railroad
457.975-458.000 MHz Relay Press
458.025-458.975 Mhz Public Safety /
Local Gov't
459.025-459.350 MHz Mobile telephone
RCC (mobile)
459.025-459.650 MHz Radio Paging
459.375-459.650 MHz Mobile telephone
telco (mobile)
459.700-459.975 MHz TELCO Air/Ground
Aircraft
460.0125-460.6375 MHz Fire, Police,
Special Services
460.650-460.875 MHz Business-Airport
use
460.6875-462.1875 MHz Wireless Mikes/Walkie-Talkies/Drive-thru's
460.900-461.000 MHz Business-Central
Alarms
461.025-462.175 MHz Business
462.200-462.525 MHz Manufacturers /
Industry
462.550-462.725 MHz GMRS Band (12.5
kHz steps)
462.5625-462.7125 MHz FRS Band (channels
1 - 7)
462.750-462.925 MHz Business (paging)
462.9375-463.1875 MHz Special Services
462.950-463.175 MHz MED (Ambulance/Hospital)
463.200-464.9875 MHz Wireless Mikes/Walkie-talkies/Drive
thru's
465.025-465.550 MHz Police / Public
Safety
465.575-465.625 MHz Fire
465.650-465.875 MHz Business-Airport
use
465.6875-467.1875 MHz Wireless Mikes/Walkie-talkies/Drive
thru's
465.900-466.000 MHz Business-Central
Alarms
466.025-467.175 MHz Business
467.200-467.525 MHz Manufacturers /
Industry
467.550-467.725 MHz GMRS repeater inputs
(25 kHz steps)
467.5625-467.7125 MHz FRS Band (Channels
8 - 14)
467.750-467.925 MHz Business (2w, telemetry)
467.750-467.825 MHz Maritime-shipboard
(rptr at 457.xxx)
467.950-468.175 MHz MED (Ambulance/Hospital)
468.200-469.9875 MHz Wireless Mikes/Walkie-talkies/Drive
thru's
470-512 MHz UHF T Band
----------------------
470.0125-470.2875 MHz Car phones &
Paging
470.0625-511.8875 MHz Broadcast TV,
chs 14-20
Large Metro Public Safety (25 kHz steps-FM)
476.0125-476.2875 MHz Car Phones &
Paging
479.025-493.000 MHz Offshore Oil Platforms
470-890 MHz
UHF TV (Ch 14 - 83 [71-83 are obsolete or
are used as translator service])
806-940 MHz "800" Band
----------------------
806-810 MHz
Business Band (Cvtnl Systems, Mobile Input)
809.7625-810.9875 MHz General-single
channels
810-816 MHz
Public Safety (Slow Growth Systems, Mble Ipt)
811.0125-815.9875 MHz General-trunked
816-821 MHz
SMR - Business Band (Trunked Systems, Mobile Input)
821.0125-823.9875 MHz Public Safety-trunked
(12.5 kHz steps)
821-825 MHz
Land Mobile Satellite Service (Mobile Input)
824.040-835 MHz
Cellular Telephone Non-Wireline (Mobile Input)
835-845 MHz
Cellular Telephone Wireline (Mobile Input)
845-848.970 MHz
Cellular Telephone (Expansion, Mobile Input)
849.0055-850.9735 MHz SkyTel Airphones
Transmit (6 kHz steps-AM)
851-869 MHz
SMRS, May Be Private Paging For Internal Uses
851.0125-865.9875 MHz Cvtl/Trunked Systems,
.025 or .0125 Spacing
Wireless Mikes/Walkie-talkies/Drive-thru's
851-866 MHz
Automobile Emergency Freqs for Tow Operators
851-855 MHz
Business Band (Cvtnl Systems, Base Output)
855-861 MHz
Public Safety (Slow Growth Systems, Base Opt)
861.0125-865.9875 MHz SMR-Business Band
(Trunked Systems, Base Output)
861.0125-865.2375 MHz Basic Exchange
Radio Service
866-870 MHz
Land Mobile Satellite Service (Satellite Opt)
866.0125-868.9875 MHz Public Safety,
Spaced .0125 MHz Apart
866.0125-868.9875 MHz Parks & Recreation,
Fire, Local Gov't, Police
866.0125-868.9875 MHz Roads Maintenance,
Special Services
869.010-894 MHz
Common Carrier, Spaced .030 Apart
869.040-870.000 MHz Cellular RCC - voice,
channels 800-832
870.030-879.360 MHz Cellular RCC - voice,
channels 1-312
870-880 MHz
Cellular Telephone Non-Wireline (Base Output)
879.390-879.990 MHz Cellular RCC - data,
channels 313-333
880.020-880.620 MHz Cellular Telco -
data, channels 334-354
880-890 MHz
Cellular Telephone Wireline (Base Output)
880.650-889.980 MHz Cellular Telco -
voice, channels 355-666
890-895 MHz
Cellular Telephone (Expansion, Base Output)
890.010-891.480 MHz Cellular RCC - voice,
channels 667-716
890-915 MHz
Microwave Ovens
891.510-893.970 MHz Cellular Telco -
voice, channels 717-799
894-896 MHz
SkyTel Airphones Receive
894.0055-894.1735 MHz Air to Ground
telephones ch 1-29 block 10
894.2055-894.3735 MHz Air to Ground
telephones ch 1-29 block 9
894.4055-894.5735 MHz Air to Ground
telephones ch 1-29 block 8
894.6055-894.7735 MHz Air to Ground
telephones ch 1-29 block 7
894.8055-894.9735 MHz Air to Ground
telephones ch 1-29 block 6
895.0055-895.1735 MHz Air to Ground
telephones ch 1-29 block 5
895.2055-895.3735 MHz Air to Ground
telephones ch 1-29 block 4
895.4055-895.5735 MHz Air to Ground
telephones ch 1-29 block 3
895.6055-895.7735 MHz Air to Ground
telephones ch 1-29 block 2
895.8055-895.9735 MHz Air to Ground
telephones ch 1-29 block 1
895-960 MHz
Mobile and Paging
896.000-901.000 MHz SMR/Business/Industry-mobile
(12.5 kHz steps)
901.000-902.000 MHz Personal Communications
Services
902-928 MHz old
Amateur - 33-CM, Technician, <1500 watts
(no use near White Sands/Denver)
902.000-928.000 MHz ISM band
903.000-905.000 MHz fast food headset
freq WFM (new "3M" headsets,
sometimes marked as "GM")
920.000-922.000 MHz fast food speaker
freq WFM (new "3M" headsets,
sometimes marked as "GM")
902.000-928.000 MHz 900 MHz Cordless
Phones NFM (30-10Khz spacing)
902.100-903.900 MHz Panasonic KX-T9000
Cordless Phone
Transponder (Base) Frequencies (60 Khz Spacing)
902.000-905.000 MHz AT&T #9120 Cordless
Phones
902.100-903.900 MHz Otron Corp. #CP-1000
Cordless Phones
902-928 MHz
Popular Commercial FH/DS Devices
[Microwave Bugging Device]
903.000 MHz Samsung #SP-R912 Cordless
Phones
905.600-907.005 MHz V-TECH TROPEZ DX900
Cordless Phone Transponder
(Base) Frequencies (100 Khz Spacing)
925.000-928.000 MHz AT&T #9120 Cordless
Phones
925.500-927.400 MHz V-TECH TROPEZ DX900
Cordless Phone Handset
Frequencies
926.100-927.900 MHz Otron Corp. #CP-1000
Cordless Phones
926.100-927.900 MHz Panasonic KX-T9000
Cordless Phone Handset
Frequencies
927.000 MHz Samsung #SP-R912 Cordless
Phones
928.0125 - 928.3375 MHz Domestic Public
Radio Service Reserve
Private Multi-Radio Service
928.3625 - 928.8375 MHz Domestic Public
Radio Service Reserve
928.8625 - 928.9875 MHz Domestic Public
Radio Service Reserve
Wide Area Paging
929.000-932.000 MHz Radio Paging
929.0125 - 929.7375 MHz Domestic Public
Radio Service Reserve
929.3625-929.4625 MHz Private Carrier
Paging,
police/fire/federal/etc.
929.6375-929.9875 MHz Private Carrier
Paging,
police/fire/federal/etc.
928-930 MHz
Multi-Address Paging
930.000-931.000 MHz Personal Communications
Services-base
931-932 MHz
Common Carrier Paging
932.000-935.000 MHz US Gov't - low-capacity
fixed links (FAA)/Private Shared
935-940 MHz
Automobile Emergency Freqs for Tow Operators
935.0125-940.9875 MHz SMRS, May Be Private
Paging For Internal Uses
Private Trunked, .0125 MHz Spacing
935.000-940.000 MHz SMR/Business/Industry-base
(12.5 kHz steps)
----------------------------
940.0125-940.9875 MHz General Trunked,
Spaced .0125 MHz
941.000-944.000 MHz US Gov't - low-capacity
fixed links (FAA)/Private Shared
944.0125-951.9875 MHz Remote pick-up
& STL
952-960 MHz
Microwave Relay And Paging
Multiple Address Systems (Muzak, etc.)
956.262-956.437 MHz Private Fixed Service
- Signaling And Control
959.862-959.987 MHz Common Carrier Radio
Serv - Wide Area Paging
960.000-1215.000 MHz Aero navigation
- DME/TACAN (w/ assoc. VOR)
US Gov't - Joint Tactical Info. Distrib. Sys. & RADAR/IFF
1215-1300 MHz
Gov't
1215.000-1240.000 MHz US Gov't - GPS
Radionavigation Satellite
1215-1240 MHz
Non gov't allocation - Earth Exploration-
Satellite and Space Research
1537-1541 MHz
L-band Downlink
1240.000-1350.000 MHz Aero-Air Route
Surveillance Radar
1240.000-1300.000 MHz Amateur (23-CM)
1270-1295 MHz
Amateur - 23-CM, Novice, <5 watts
(band with many repeaters)
1300-1350 MHz
Non-gov't allocation and aeronautical
radionavigation
1535-1543.5 MHz
Inmarsat Communications Satellite Downlink Range
1350.000-1400.000 MHz US Gov't - military
tactical & air-ground data
1227 MHz
GPS L1
1575 MHz
GPS L2
1635.5-1645.0 MHz Inmarsat
Communications Satellite Uplink Range
1710-1755 MHz (1.710-1.755 GHz) DOJ
Audio/Video Bugs (.25 to .50
watts) [Microwave Bugging Device]
1710-1755 MHz (1.710-1.755 GHz) DEA
Audio/Video Bugs (over 1400
bugs purchased in 1995) [Microwave Bugging Device]
1710-1850 MHz (1.710-1.850 GHz) Treasury
Video Surveillance Systems
[Microwave Bugging Device]
2310-2360 MHz
Digital Satellite Radio
2400-2500 MHz
Microwave Ovens
2400-2500 MHz
WLAN's
2400-2484 MHz (2.400-2.484 GHz) Popular
Commercial FH/DS Devices
[Microwave Bugging Device]
3-30 Ghz SHF
(Super High Frequency)
----------------------------------------
4 Ghz C-Band
4.195-4.199 GHz (4195-4199 MHz) C-Band
downlink
4.635-4.660 GHz
Treasury Video Surveillance Systems
[Microwave Bugging Device]
12 Ghz Ku-Band
30-300 Ghz EHF (Extra High
Frequency)
-----------------------
-----------------
31.000-31.300 GHz GMRS microwave
any mode
300-3000 GHz -
or 3 THz
----------------------------------------
Microwave Bands
---------------
0.225 - 0.390 GHz P
0.390 - 1.550 GHz L
1.55 - 5.20 GHz S
5.20 - 10.90 GHz X
10.9 - 36.0 GHz K
36.0 - 46.0 GHz Q
46.0 - 56.0 GHz V
56.0 - 100.0 GHz W
A Couple Things About Electronics & CB's (also applies
to other transceivers and receivers)
*Electrical current travels from negative to positive.
*Current is the flow or travel of electricity.
*Voltage is the storage of electricity; the amount it has
that can flow as current.
*Voltage is in the power source, but drops through the
circuit across resistances or loads.
*The circuit voltage always adds up to the supply voltage in
series circuits.
*In parallel circuits every item has full supply voltage.
*Parallel circuit items operate independently of each other,
while all must function in a series circuit.
*Resistance and current are inversely proportional, that is,
the more resistance there is in a circuit the less circuit can
flow through it.
*Resistance is expressed in ohms.
*The larger a resistance the more voltage will drop across it
in a series circuit.
*Current times voltage makes wattage (Ohm's law).
*Current times resistance equals voltage (Ohm's law).
*When voltage increases, capacitance tries to hold it down.
*When voltage decreases, capacitance tries to hold it up.
*The voltmeter measures across resistances or batteries.
*The ammeter must be in series with the circuit.
*The ohmmeter must be used with the circuit power off.
*The 1/1000 part of an amp of current is called a milliamp.
*The 1/,000,000 part of an amp is a microamp.
*A thousand ohms is a kilohm. A million ohms is a megohm.
*Alternating current, AC, flows first in one direction and
then in the opposite. The speed of this is expressed in Hz
(Hertz). Kilo means thousands of Hz and mega means millions of
Hz.
*All other things being equal the higher the speed of alter-
nations in Hz the farther the radio carrier waves will travel.
*Resistor color codes:
Black = 0 Green = 5
Brown = 1 Blue = 6
Red = 2 Violet = 7
Orange = 3 Grey = 8
Yellow = 4 White = 9
*A resistor limits either AC or DC, that is, any kind of
current. The higher the ohms the more it resists current, and
the more voltage it can develop across itself in a series
circuit.
*A coil passes DC but limits AC proportionate to frequency.
The lower the frequency of AC the better the current flow. A
coil develops magnetism when a current travels through it.
*A transformer is a combination of coils. The primary coil
induces a voltage into the secondaries, dependent upon number of
turns. A transformer can only pass AC or pulsating DC (voice
signals) from primary to secondary.
*A capacitor stores electricity on metal plates that are
slightly separated. It passes AC, but not DC. The higher the
frequency of AC the better the capacitor passes it.
*A switch makes or breaks contact in electrical circuits.
*A diode changes AC to DC. The end with the band is
positive.
*A transistor is a current-amplifying device. Weak currents
in the base-emitter circuit affect strong currents in the base-
collector circuit. NPN types have positive collector voltage.
PNP types have negative collector voltage applied.
*Tubes are voltage-amplifying devices. Small voltage
variations on the control grid affect large voltage variations on
the plate load circuit. In tubes, electrons must travel through
space.
*Relays are electromagnets with contacts that connect and
disconnect circuits. Usually a mike button connects the electro-
magnet in the relay.
*Speakers convert electrical pulses of audio frequency to
sound by magnetic interaction between the voice coil and the
permanent magnet. The cone produces the audible sound.
*Microphones convert voice vibrations to electrical pulses by
disturbing magnetism or by bending a crystal or by changing
resistance in a carbon mike.
*A crystal vibrates when current is applied. The size of the
crystal determines the rate of vibration and the nature of the
resulting carrier creation.
*The carrier is the high-frequency AC of a radio signal that
takes the intelligence from transmitter to receiver.
*The frequency of the carrier determines what channel it will
be on.
*Modulation is the process of allowing voice current pulses
to shape the size of the carrier or it's amplitude.
*Applying current to a crystal will cause it to bend. If the
current is taken away the crystal will relax and give off a
current in the opposite direction.
*A transistor can be used to form an oscillator since the
crystal first feeds back energy to the base and stops the action,
then sends current the opposite way. The created AC signal is
then amplified by the transistor(s).
*A tuning coil loads up the AC signal and connects it between
antenna and ground.
*If the antenna is too short, a coil can effectively lengthen
it.
*A receiver must detect the signal. By this we mean that it
cuts off either the positive or negative half of the wave,
leaving the other half with it's modulation.
*The modulation is exactly the same on each half of the
carrier as put on at the transmitter.
*A stage is a transistor, or it could be a tube, and it's
associated parts.
*Coupling capacitors connect the signal from transistor to
transistor without passing battery DC. Bypass capacitors take
signals away from other components to prevent oscillation or
interference.
*In audio frequency circuits, large-value capacitors bypass
the signal past the emitter with protective resistors.
*The output transformer matches the impedance between the
transistor collector and the speaker coil.
*Impedance is the resistance that a coil, or capacitor, or
even a transmission line offers to AC. It will not measure as
high with an ohmmeter.
*Most transceivers and receivers other than some hand-held
units make use of superheterodyne technology. Signals are mixed,
and tuning selects either the addition or subtraction of these
frequencies.
*The master oscillator is either a PLL or synthesizer and
furnishes a mixing frequency for both transmitter and receiver.
In CB this frequency is often above the CB band.
*There is also a transmitter oscillator that mixes with the
master oscillator frequency to produce the carrier near the
transmitting MHZ.
*Many CB sets have a receiver oscillator for double
conversion of signal, making two intermediate frequencies.
*Most of the receiver signal amplification for CB takes place
at a low frequency, often 455 KHz.
*The audio stage does double duty: it amplifies the detected
signal for the speaker, and it builds up the mike signal and
modulates the carrier during transmit.
*The squelch detects a signal sample, if any. If none, it
either removes positive bias from the audio and kills the
receiver from noise broadcast, or injects negative bias to do the
same. When signals are present the bias is changed so the audio
can amplify the signal.
*Single-sideband (SSB) broadcasts remove the main carrier at
the transmitter and side of one sideband. Some carriers travel
in the broadcasting sideband to make it tunable at the receiver.
The pitch of the voice broadcasting determines deviation from
channel frequency. There is no carrier between sounds.
*SSB requires reinsertion of the carrier lost at the
transmitter for intelligible listening. It does not have to be
at the same frequency, but the reinserted frequency plus mixer
frequency difference must add up to the channel frequency being
listened to.
*Antennas tune just as coils do. The coil is expressed in
frequency, but the antenna in wavelength. If the wavelength of
the antenna matches the wavelength of the channel, the standing
wave ratio (SWR) will be very low, and good reception and
transmission will result.
*To be legal for citizens band, the frequency must be
within +/- .005 percent or 1,350 Hz of assigned channel.
*Frequency modulation, FM, carries the velocity of sound as
frequency bunchings and spreadings. The pitch of the sound rides
along as sidebands.
*FM is modulated in modern equipment by voltages impressed on
a varactor - a voltage-sensitive capacitive diode.
*FM is detected by voltage variations through loads by diode
difference conduction depending upon whether the tuned circuit
input signal is on frequency or not.
*Class C amplification is such that half of every alternation
is lost. A class C amplifier is biased so that the collector or
plate current flow is only during a portion of each cycle or Hz.
*A class C amplifier is biased so that the collector or plate
current flow is continuous.
This service is used on private aircraft. Transmissions are
in FM and the ground stations repeat the airborne half of the
conversation, and transmit a continuous tone when idle. From one
to four channels are assigned in a particular area.
For the 800 MHz air-to-ground telephone the transmissions are
in AM. Channels are spaced 6 kHz apart and a specific block of
29 channels is assigned to each geographical area. Ground
frequencies are 45 MHz lower and do not echo the airborne half of
the conversation like the 454/459 MHz ones.
Remember to get your antenna as far away from interference as
possible. If you have to, you can mount your antenna inside your
attic if the roof is made of wood or something which won't
interfere with the radio signal.
There is a theoretical formula for increasing range. Measuring
from the ground to the bottom of the antenna itself, doubling the
height of the antenna above the ground increases range by 50%.
Four times higher doubles the range.
Types of antennas:
Wick. Dipping a piece of string in oil will absorb a
little of it. Same principle with a piece of wire - it
will absorb a little of the radio waves around it. The
telescoping antennas which come with some scanners are
this type.
Wideband. This antenna is made to be somewhat
efficient at all frequencies. But it also brings in
things which you might not want - like interference. A
discone is a wideband antenna (see below).
Multiband. Different elements make up this type of
antenna corresponding to the frequencies which you want
to receive.
Monoband. An antenna designed to match one frequency
or range of frequencies. Not efficient on others.
1/4 Wave Ground Plane - Consists of a single band
vertically polarized antenna which offers about 3 dB of gain
in a fairly narrow frequency range. Benefits are its low
cost and small size. The ground plane isolates the antenna
from having to be coupled to earth ground at a specific
multiple of the wavelength, by simulating ground with the
radially mounted elements around the bottom. A car mounted
antenna is typically a 1/4 wave which uses the body of the
car for its ground plane. There are some versions which have
several vertical elements (like the Radio Shack all-band with
three) but each vertical element will only be resonant in one
band. While it will receive signals in all bands, it will
only be efficient in the 3 bands which the vertical elements
are cut to resonate at. Radio Shack's all-band is a good
antenna if you have a limited number of bands you listen to.
(Note: I have this antenna and it seems to get fairly good
response over the whole range).
Discone antenna - A relative of the 1/4 wave ground plane
antenna offering wide frequency bandwidth. It has 0 dB of
gain on frequencies from about 120-1300 MHz, and with a
vertical element on top, it is usable down to about 30 MHz.
Gain is achieved by compressing the radiation pattern into a
donut shape with little of the signal radiating upwards or
downwards, concentrating the pattern perpendicular to the
vertical axis of the antenna. Its called a discone because
it is comprised of two parts - the disc, a group of elements
parallel to the ground around the top; and the cone, the
diagonal radial elements around the bottom. These could be
made from a solid metal disc and a cone-shaped sheet metal
radial, and perform the same, but the wind loading would be
increased. The Diamond D130J and the Sigma SE1300 are good
discones for general purpose scanning. (Note: Mike Diaz,
who's text I got these antenna descriptions from, notes that
he has had experience with the Radio Shack discone antenna at
home, and has shown that it is not a very good implementation
of the discone design, and should be avoided. He says that
it is too fragile and does not work below 100 MHz.)
1/2 Wave Dipole antenna - This is also a single band
antenna which offers 2 dB of gain in a relatively narrow
frequency range. The dipole antenna is the standard against
which gain is measured on all antennas, and it is twice as
long as a 1/4 wave antenna. This antenna has balanced signal
and round sides, which means that the coax feed is in the
center of the antenna. The center conductor is hooked to the
top half and the shield connects to the lower half. It
requires a balun to connect it to coax cable, although there
are feed techniques which can do the job of matching the
antenna to the 50 ohm coax. It is fairly large for the
frequency it's tuned to, and like the ground plane antenna,
it isolates your antenna from having to be coupled to earth
ground at a specific multiple of the wavelength, by
simulating ground with the lower half of the antenna. The
dipole can be oriented either vertically or horizontally.
Yagi beam antenna - This antenna was named after it's
inventors Mr. Yagi and Mr. Uda. The Yagi-Uda parasitic array
is another single band antenna. It offers 10-20 dB of gain
and 10-30 dB of front-to-back isolation in a relatively
narrow frequency range. It is a group of dipoles all the
same length, connected to a boom, to hold them a specific
distance apart. It offers excellent gain, and front-to-back
isolation, and a narrow beam width which it will receive
from. The gain is determined by how many elements are used
as directors, and is achieved by limiting how many directions
a signal can be received from. Like a magnifying glass
focusing the sun, the smaller the spot the hotter it gets.
The most useful feature of a beam antenna, is that it can be
rotated to null out a signal you do not want or maximizing
the one that you do want. You will need a rotor to point it
in the right direction; if you want to listen in more than
one direction. The downside is that it will only have gain
in a narrow frequency range of about +/-1% of the center
frequency, which would be beneficial in a dense signal
environment to attenuate those intermod producing signals
that you do not want, or if you only listen on one band. It
is most commonly used by commercial and amateur operators,
since it is an inexpensive and very efficient type of antenna
for single band point-to-point communication in the VHF/UHF
range.
Log Periodic beam antenna - The Logarithmically Periodic
Dipole Array is a beam antenna optimized for wide frequency
bandwidth. It offers 5-15 dB of gain with a moderate 10-15
dB of front-to back ratio; the beam width is fairly wide when
compared to a Yagi. It is a group of dipoles of decreasing
size (with the longest in back and the smallest in front),
connected to a boom, to hold them a specific distance apart.
The tapering of the elements is what gives it the wide
frequency range, by always providing an element which
resonates near the frequency that you're operating on. It is
most commonly used in TV antennas, where operation on many
frequencies is required. The downside is that this antenna
can be fairly large for a VHF/UHF antenna. There are
commercial versions available which provide general coverage.
Create Labs makes two models for $200-350. EEB and Ham Radio
Outlet both have them in their catalogs.
TV antennas - A TV antenna is not a very good scanner
antenna because it is optimized only for the TV bands. If
you look closely at a TV antenna you will notice that the
taper of the elements is not uniform. There will be several
long ones (channels 2-6 at 54-88 MHz) then several medium
long ones, usually interspersed with the long ones (channels
7-13 at 175-216 MHz), and then a bunch of short ones, all
the same length (UHF 470-812 MHz). The missing elements are
for the frequencies which a scanner user wants, but are not
in the TV band, so they are not included in the design. If
the frequencies which you do listen to are close to the TV
bands it may be for you but you must re-orient the TV
antenna to vertical polarization. Another problem is that
the UHF elements on a TV antenna are always a Yagi design.
The reception range that they advertise is only on one
channel (probably around channel 35 at 600 MHz) and the gain
falls off the farther you get from that center channel. You
will never see a gain Vs frequency plot of any TV antenna
from the manufacturer. If you want to use a wide band UHF
TV antenna. Try a 4-bay bow tie which has about 6 dB of
gain, a 15 dB front-to-back ratio and resonates across a
wide frequency range. And again, the antenna needs to be
re-oriented to vertical polarization. Some people have
TV antennas for their scanners and have reported some
use.
If you have a telescoping antenna for your scanner try
collapsing a couple sections for better high-frequency
performance (Radio Shack's Part Number 20-006 works great). The
shorter it is the better it may receive higher frequencies. You
can also apply this to your car's collapsible antenna if you have
your scanner hooked up to it. Here's a general guide...
25-136 Mhz -----------------==------------ (full length)
138-174 Mhz -----------------==----- (extend only top four
sections)
220-1296 Mhz --==---------- (extend only lower 1 to 3
sections)
To get a quick fix on frequency ranges for mobile units of
any type use these tips:
The antennas which have 60 to 100 inch-high whips or 35 inch-
high whips with a 5 inch coil at the bottom (these look kind of
like CB antennas) are the VHF low-band antennas.
The ones which have an 18 inch-high whip or 40 inch-high whip
with a 3 inch coil at the bottom (these might look like CB
antennas, too - don't confuse these antennas with similar VHF-Low
antennas) are VHF high-band antennas.
UHF antennas have a 6 inch-high whip, a 32 inch-high whip
with a 3 inch coil in the middle, or a 35 inch-high whip that has
a grey or black plastic band in the middle of it.
The ones which look like a cellular telephone antenna; an 18
inch-high whip with a coil in the middle (coil may or may not be
exposed, if exposed it may look like a pig tail) or antennas
consisting of a 3 inch-high whip are 800 MHz antennas.
You can also get some radio trade magazines, make up a
company name and mark lots of those little product information
cards concerning antennas and radios. Make sure you put a
company name or they may not send you as many advertisements.
When you get the company's advertisements study the antenna
and radio types. Before long you'll be recognizing frequency
ranges of antennas and radios you see around. Even if an antenna
or radio is not made by a company you have become familiar with
you still may be able to recognize frequency ranges; after all -
there's only so many ways to make a radio and so many ways to
make an antenna.
Novice callsigns - XX#XXX
Technician & General - X#XXX
Advanced - XX#XX
Extra - X#XX or XX#XX
All United States callsigns can be identified by their
prefixes which are N, K, A, or W. *Formats - X indicates a
letter, # is a number.
- On 2-Meter (144-148 MHz), repeater inputs are .6 MHz below
outputs.
- On 1.25-Meters (222-225 MHz), repeater inputs are 1.6 MHz below
outputs. (inputs are between 222.32-223.28, outputs are
223.92-224.98, and simplex operation is between 223.42-223.90)
- On 70-CM (420-450 MHz), repeater inputs are 5 MHz below outputs.
- On 33-CM (902-928 MHz), repeater inputs are 12 MHz below
outputs.
- On 23-CM (1240-1340 MHz), repeater inputs are 20 MHz below
outputs. (inputs are between 1270-1276, outputs are 1282-1288,
and simplex operation is between 1294-1295)
- A burst of tones heard on some repeaters are what is required
by the operator to access some repeaters.
- Some repeaters have a courtesy beeper which leaves a space
between conversations for new stations to break in. If a
station broadcasts before the tone sounds, the repeater may
shut down temporarily to indicate a violation.
- Amateur radio also uses digipeaters (see Digipeaters section
for more info).
See 'Space' frequencies for more info on Amateur Radio
Satellite Links.
Air traffic control towers (ATC) are responsible for the air
traffic within 55 nautical miles of their respective towers.
Ground Control directs and controls the ground traffic which
includes ALL vehicles and planes on the ground. It is found in
the top of the tower and most of the time has a clear view of the
ground traffic.
The first thing a pilot does is files a flight plan to taxi
to the runway which Air Traffic is currently using. Then
when conditions allow, the controller directs the aircraft to
proceed via the taxi ways to the runway where it would then be
instructions to take off.
The controller in the tower has responsibility for aircraft
out to 10 nautical miles after which he hands the responsibility
to the controller who has responsibility from 10 to 55 nautical
miles. This latter controller is usually located in the base of
the tower.
After 55 nautical miles the aircraft is handed off to another
tower along with the pilot's flight plan.
The opposite happens when a plane approaches.
Radar Service Terminated - the controller is no longer
providing traffic advisory or separation service for the
aircraft. This could be because the controller is too busy to
handle some types of traffic, was unable to "hand off" the
traffic to another controller, or has instructed the pilot to
contact a facility which does not have radar (most towers do not
have radar). You will not normally hear "radar service
terminated" with airline traffic on IFR flight plans. It is
common with VFR flights that are using "flight following"
services.
MODE-C, or Transponder "Squawk" (military version is called
IFF, see definitions). An airport's radar is a two part antenna
system; the radar antenna and an interrogator. The radar tells
the controller in the tower that there is a plane there but it
doesn't say which plane it is. The interrogator sends a signal,
which the plane receives and responds to with a transponder
"squawk" which identifies the plane. The controller's radar
screen then displays the ID beside the radar contact.
The "squawk" consists of a 4 digit octal code assigned for
that aircraft for that flight by the controller or before the
flight when receiving clearance. Mode-C also contains the
aircraft's pressure altitude from an onboard altitude encoder.
ATC computers use the four digit code to determine and
display the aircraft callsign and altitude (corrected for the
local altimeter setting). The computers can also display the
ground speed of the aircraft by tracking the target and doing the
time and distance calculations; the transponder does not send
speed info to the computer.
When you hear news stories about FAA ATC computers going
down, it usually means they can't use the transponder replies for
information and have to deal with raw radar, if they have it.
The cellular telephone system was given its first US test in
Chicago in 1978 and is named for the unit "cells" into which it
divides an area. Each cell has a radius of around 1.5 to 2.4
kilometers (1 to 2.5 miles).
Remember, it is illegal to monitor any kind of cellular
communications.
The mobile units (the cellular telephone itself) transmit 45
MHz below the base (824.040-848.970) and are usually repeated by
the base. Channels are 30 kHz apart and channels 800-832 are
also identified as Channels 991-1023. Narrow band FM is usually
used for cellular. (see Frequency Allocations for more info on
channel designations)
The below is reprinted from a textfile called SCANHINT.TXT
by an unknown author.
Here is a method of determining which freqs are used in a
cellular system, and which ones are in what cells. If the system
uses OMNICELLS, as most do, you can readily find all the channels
in a cell if you know just one of them, using tables constructed
with the instructions below.
Cellular frequencies are assigned by channel number, and for
all channel numbers, in both wireline and non-wireline systems,
the formula is:
Transmit Freq = (channel number x .030 MHZ) + 870 MHZ
Receive Freq = (channel number x .030 MHz) + 825 MHz
"Band A" (one of the two blocks) uses channels 1 - 333. To
construct a table showing frequency by cells, use ch 333 as the
top left corner of a table. The next entry to the right of
ch 333 is 332, the next is 331, etc., down to ch 313. Enter
ch 312 underneath 333, 311 under 332, etc. Each channel across
the top row is the 1st chan in each CELL of the system; each
channel DOWN from the column from the first channel is the
next freq assigned to that Cell. You may have noted that each
channel down is 21 channels lower in number. Usually the data
channel used is the highest numbered channel in a cell.
"Band B" uses channels from 334 to 666. Construct your table
in a similar way, with ch 334 in the upper left corner, 335 the
next entry to the right. The data channel should be the lowest
numbered channel in each cell this time.
For more info on trunking see that section below.
Also note that many scanners will receive cellular even if it
is locked out or deleted. For example, on a Bearcat Uniden
BC-200 XLT you just add the intermediate freq of 21.7 MHz to the
frequency that you want to monitor. Even if a scanner receives
cellular normally, it may also receive them above or below what
is considered the normal range.
1) If center pin of antenna lead shows resistance, replace
the antenna lead.
2) If there is any current passing from antenna to fender,
look for a shorted antenna.
3) If the antenna shielding conducts any current, replace the
antenna. Resistance here should be zero.
Special purpose channels
Channel 3 - Unofficial Marine channel
Channel 9 - Emergency and sometimes motorist info and
assistance, monitored in some parts of the country by REACT.
Channel 11 - Formerly the official calling channel
Channel 13 - Unofficial Marine channel and used by RV's as
a monitor channel.
Channel 14 - Is often used by walkie-talkies.
Channel 16 - Old SSB channel (23 channel days)
Channel 18 - Old SSB channel (23 channel days)
Channel 19 - The trucker's channel and highway channel
Channel 23 - Was set up in the old FCC rules as being a
paging channel so some (old) Radio Shack pagers operate on
this frequency. Also shared with remote control devices.
Channels 35 to 40 - SSB channels
On January 1, 1977, the FCC expanded the Citizen Band
from 23 to 40 channels.
Maximum RF Output Power - 4 watts Amplitude Modulation
- 12 watts peak envelope power
Single Side Band
The upper channels of the regular 40 are often used by SSB
CB'ers but all modes (AM & SSB) are permitted on any frequency.
You'll hear something that sounds like 'Donald-Duck' if a
channel is in use by a strong SSB source. If your radio is
equipped with side-bands switch to upper or lower and adjust the
clarifier knob until you find the best-sounding place. Side-band
talking allows further range and more power but is slightly
different then regular CB'ing.
All modes (AM & SSB) are permitted on any frequency.
In England, CB's use the same channels and frequencies,
except that they use FM instead of AM.
On January 1, 1977, the FCC expanded the Citizen Band from 23
to 40 channels.
Maximum RF Output Power - 4 watts Amplitude Modulation
- 12 watts peak envelope power Single
Side Band
1. Disconnect the coaxial cable from the transceiver.
2. Connect an ohmmeter to the outside of the cable connector
at the transceiver end and to a ground on the vehicle.
The ohmmeter should indicate pretty much zero. If not
check the antenna mount.
3. Connect an ohmmeter to the center pin of the cable at the
transceiver end and to the vehicle ground. The ohmmeter
should indicate an open circuit (infinite resistance).
If not, the antenna may have a shunt-type matching
transformer.
4. Connect the ohmmeter as in Step 3 and connect a clip lead
from the antenna whip to a ground on the car. The
ohmmeter should indicate essentially zero resistance. If
not, the antenna may use capacitive coupling.
5. Check SWR's.
6. Use a field strength meter as you walk in a circle around
the vehicle with the mike keyed.
T --- T ------- T---------
I - I - 20 I -
I - I-------I ---feet I -
I - I b I I I -
mI - I u I I I / 60
aI 60 I i I t I I/ feet
sI feet I l I r II V I -
tI - I d I e I I / -
I - I i I e II/ -
I - I n I V -
I - I g I I -
I - I I I -
I - I I I -
-------------------------------------------------------------
The impedance of a microphone may be between 30 ohms and
several megohms. Typically the source (mike) impedance is
300-500 ohms. A replacement mike may be lower then what was
originally on the C.B., but not higher.
See "A Couple Things About Electronics & CB's" for more info.
The Civil Air Patrol is the civilian auxiliary of the U.S.
Air Force. Its services to both the nation and the Air Force are
voluntary, benevolent, and noncombatant, and its three missions
are emergency services, aerospace education, and the cadet
program.
Here's a little info on local commercial radio and television
towers. (Note - recently a number of big changes were made, some
of these may not be accurate as yet.)
WATN-AM (1240) - 174 foot tower on Wealtha Avenue
WCIZ-FM (97.5) - Tower on Route 126 (not the same one as
WWNY's)
WNPE-TV (Channel 16) - Tower in Copenhagen and another in
Watertown
WTOJ-FM (103.1) - An antenna is on the WWNY-TV tower on
Route 126
WTNY-AM (790) - Three towers on Ives Street Road
WTNY-FM (93.5) - Tower on Perch Lake Road in Town of
Brownville
WWLF-FM (106.7) [Z-Rock] - Antenna mounted on WWTI's tower
in Copenhagen
WWNY-TV (Channel 7) - Tower on Route 126 in town of Rutland
WWTI-TV (Channel 50) - 198 foot tower in Watertown and
another in Copenhagen
Marker/Warning lights - 6 strobes for between 1750 and 2000
feet recommends, 4 strobes for around 1200 feet. White stobes
are either 40 or 60 flashes per minute and red flashes were about
40 per minute, 1/3 off, 2/3 on.
According to the Communications Act of 1934 and the
Electronic Communications Act (ECPA) of 1987:
You may not reveal any info you've heard on the air to
others not involved in hearing the transmission.
You may not use info gained on the air in committing a
crime.
You may not use any info heard on the air for personal
gain.
You may not listen to remote radio & TV broadcast
pickups.
You may not listen to scrambled, encrypted, or otherwise
coded transmissions.
You may not listen to mobile telephone conversations of
any type whatsoever.
*Refer to your local authorities and regulations for complete
info for your area.
Continuous Tone Coded Sound Squelch (CTCSS) is sometimes also
called PL (Private Line, which a Motorola Trademark). PL can be
analog (just PL) or Digital PL (DPL). Some other terms used by
various companies are Private Call, Tone Squelch, Channel Guard,
etc.
Analog PL is a low level tone (60 through 300 Hz) which is
transmitted along with the radio signal. Usually the tone isn't
audible to humans, but some people are able to hear the higher
ones.
DPL uses a digital word instead of an analog signal, and a
turn-off code.
The purpose of PL is to unsquelch the a radio only when the
proper tone is sent with the transmission. This locks out
unwanted signals including interference and transmissions made by
users sharing a frequency. It can be used to activate certain
repeater sites, exclude distant users, or identify users.
Some scanners allow you to exclude conversations which do not
have the correct code as well as many transceivers. Other scanner
uses might include identification of distant stations during skip
season.
Scanners which have PL capability require a specific board.
Below are the tones and remember, these are tones, not
frequencies).
67.0 XZ 69.3 WZ 71.9 XA 74.4 WA 77.0 XB 79.7 SP
82.5 YZ 85.4 YA 88.5 YB 91.5 ZZ 94.8 ZA 97.4 ZB
100.0 1Z 103.5 1A 107.2 1B 110.9 2Z 114.8 2A 118.8 2B
123.0 3Z 127.3 ZA 131.8 3B 136.5 4Z 141.3 4A 146.2 4B
151.4 5Z 156.7 5A 162.2 5B 167.9 6Z 173.8 6A 179.9 6B
186.2 7Z 192.8 7A 203.5 M1 206.5 8Z 210.7 M2 218.1 M3
225.7 M4, 229.2 9Z, 233.6 M5 241.8 M6, 250.3 M7, 254.1 M8
A DIGItal rePEATER (a digipeater), is basically the same as a
regular repeater - it listens and then repeats a transmission,
but on the same frequency. Digipeaters are used to extend the
range of digital transmissions just like voice repeaters extend
the range of voice transmissions. MDT's may use these as well as
many other digital communications, including amateur radio.
Since these operate in a simplex mode it's hard to tell if you
are hearing the repeated station or the original.
The DTMF tones are what you'll hear when you use a touch-tone
telephone. You'll also hear it on the airwaves. These tones are
made up of two frequencies which are listed below. There are a
couple program for the IBM compatible series of computer which
will translate tones to their corresponding numbers.
The Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) tones that you may hear
on TV or commercial radio stations consists of a 853 Hz tone and
a 960 Hz tone for a duration of at least 22.5 seconds.
Family Radio Service, or FRS, is a Citizens Band-type service
which operates in the 460 MHz band. This new service allows
users unlicensed very short distance communications using
handheld two-way radios with 1/2 watt output. These radios MUST
have only "rubber-ducky" antennas and no external antennas or
amplifiers are permitted. The radios will operate on 14
frequencies around the GMRS service in 462 MHz.
To minimize interference with GMRS stations very little
deviation will be allowed (2.5 KHz, half the usual narrow-band FM
of 5 KHz) and a very tight frequency stability (not more then 500
Hz drift, typical ham radios on UHF can be 1000 Hz off
frequency) will be used.
Autopatch or other telephone connections are illegal but
subaudible tones and other selective calling methods are
allowed. There are no restrictions on the content of the FRS
communications.
AGENCY
TAG PREFIX
Agriculture, Department of
A
Air Force, Department of
AF
Army, Department of the
W
Commerce, Department of
C
Consumer Product Safety Commission
CPSC
Corps of Engineers, Civil Works
CE
Defense Commissary Agency
DECA
Defense Contract Audit Agency
DA
Defense, Department of
D
Defense Logistics Agency
DLA
District of Columbia Redevelopment Land Agency
LA
Education, Department of
ED
Energy, Department of
E
Enrichment Corporation, U. S.
EC
Environmental Protection Agency
EPA
Executive Office of the President - Council of
EO
Economic Advisors, National Security Council, Office
of Management and Budget.
Export-Import Bank of the United States
EB
Federal Communications Commission
FC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FD
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FE
Federal Home Loan Bank Board
FB
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
FM
Federal Reserve System
FR
Federal Trade Commission
FT
General Accounting Office
GA
General Services Administration
GS
Government Printing Office
GP
Health and Human Services, Department of
HHS
Housing and Urban Development, Department of
H
Interagency Fleet Management System, GSA
G
Interior, Department of the
I
Interstate Commerce Commission
IC
Judicial Branch of the Government
JB
Justice, Department of
J
Labor, Department of
L
Legislative Branch
LB
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NA
National Capital Housing Authority
NH
National Capital Planning Commission
NP
National Guard Bureau
NG
National Labor Relations Board
NL
National Science Foundation
NS
Navy, Department of the
N
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NRC
Office of Personnel Management
OPM
Panama Canal Commission
PC
Railroad Retirement Board
RR
Renegotiation Board
RB
Securities and Exchange Commission
SE
Selective Service System
SS
Small Business Administration
SB
Smithsonian Institution - National Gallery of Art
SI
Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, U.S
SH
State, Department of
S
Tennessee Valley Authority
TV
Transportation, Department of
DOT
Treasury, Department of the
T
United States Information Agency
IA
United States Postal Service
P
Veterans Affairs, Department of
VA
If you know the frequency and you want to find the wavelength
in meters divide the known freq in Khz into 299,820.
If you know the wavelength in meters and you want to find
the frequency in Khz divide the meters into 299,820.
299,820 = Distance in kilometers which light (or radio waves)
travel in one second.
Wheeler Sack Airport is on the Fort Drum military reservation,
outside of Watertown. It is run and owned by the U.S. Army out of
Cameron Station, Alexandria VA.
Latitude - 44-03-00.230 North (44.0500639)
Longitude - 75-43-58.730 West (75.7329806)
Elevation - about 691 feet above sea level (211 meters)
ARTCC - Boston Center
FSS - Burlington Flight Service Station (1-800-WX-BRIEF)
NOTAMs facility - BTV (NOTAM-D service available)
Attendance - ALL/MON-FRI/0700-2200,OT BY PPR. ARPT CLSD HOLS.
Segmented circle - no
Lights - DUSK-DAWN
Beacon - white-white-green (military) [Located on 847 foot MSL
tower west of RWY 8.
Landing fee - no
Airline operations - Limited FAR Part 139 certification,
currently not receiving scheduled air carrier service.
International operations - not permitted
Fuel available - None
FUEL PPR; J8 AVBL 0700-2100 MON-FRI/OTHER TIMES
PRIOR NOTICE. NO DEICE AVBL.
Runway 03/21
5000 feet long (1524 meters) long and 150 feet (46 meters) wide.
Concrete surface.
Runway 08/26
4500 feet (1372 meters) long and 150 feet (46 meters) wide.
Concrete surface.
Runway 15/33
5000 feet (1524 meters) long and 150 feet (46 meters) wide.
Concrete surface.
Below is a partial reprint of a message posted on the
Dots-N-Dashes BBS by Bill Staab.
Date: 08-08-94 (17:54) Number: 287
From: BILL STAAB Refer#: NONE
Subj: Syr. Ang 174-Tfw Conf: (24) Scanner Ra
-----------------------------------------------------------------
I'm an Air Force Forward Air Controller (FAC) stationed at Ft
Drum and I think I can help you guys out. Just for reference
at Fort Drum there are actually 2 ranges. Range 35 which is a
scorable air to ground range run by the Air National Guard (ANG)
and the main impact area that's used for live ordnance. Those
missions are controlled by Active Duty Air Force FACs assigned
to the 10th Mountain Division. The ANG also operates the Forward
Operating Location (FOL) at Drum. The FOL is used to quick turn
A10s (The runway at Drum can't take an F16 those are turned at
Griffiss AFB). The Range is about the only one on the East
Coast that can be easily used for live air to ground missions.
We have fighters as far away as Georgia coming to the Range
to drop. On any given mission as many as 3 radios are being used
at once by fighters. They are in contact with the GCA at Drum,
the FAC or Range Controllers and one radio to talk to each other
(fighters fly as a minimum of a two ship). We also do work with
C-130 outfits to do air drops and assault landings at Drum.
Callsigns that are used are peacetime assigned and don't
change. Armed with that figuring out what's going on is pretty
easy. Range 35 always uses "RANGE 35". 174 F-16s always use
"COBRA" followed by a 2 digit number. The 103 & 104 Fighter
Squadrons (A-10) use a myriad of callsigns some examples are
"SHARK, HOG, DEMON, SAINT, FREIGHT, PIG PEN, etc". Out of
towners are usually unknown until they show up at the range. But
the callsigns are pretty much the same. The Forward Air
Controllers use "COMMENTARY, ALPINE, GRIFFIN & ICEMAN".
Why would you want to listen to garage door openers and what
would you do with this info?! Well, I don't know but a couple
people have asked me about it so here goes...
These are probably pulsed so you may not have much luck with
a frequency counter or maybe even search mode on a scanner. But
a spectrum analyzer should show it to you well.
If you do get a lock on it with your scanner you should be
able to hear the security code tones.
The General Mobile Radio Service is a personal radio band.
The frequencies are located in the UHF range and some other radio
services are mixed in the same range of 460 - 470 MHz. The
31-31.3 Ghz microwave band has also been opened up for GMRS.
This allocation can use any mode where the UHF can use only FM.
To use this service you must get a license (which requires no
exam) which covers all members of the licensee's household. The
fee is $35 for five years. Only individuals can get a license;
no businesses, though some will still have them from before 1989.
GMRS can only be used mobile-to-mobile or base-to-mobile but
no base-to-base communications are allowed. Repeaters can be
used, extending the normal range of the 5-watt transmitters.
A Alfa N November
B Bravo O Oscar
C Charlie P Papa
D Delta Q Quebec
E Echo R Romeo
F Foxtrot S Sierra
G Golf T Tango
H Hotel U Unicorn
I India V Victor
J Juliet W Whiskey
K Kilo X X-ray
L Limo Y Yankee
M Mike Z Zulu
A .- B -... C -.-. D -.. E . F ..-. G --. H ....
I .. J .--- K -.- L .-.. M -- N -. O --- P .--.
Q --.- R .-. S ... T - U ..- V ...- W .-- X-..-
Y -.-- Z --.. 1 .---- 2 ..--- 3 ...-- 4 ....- 5 ..... 6 -....
7 --... 8 ---.. 9 ----. 0 -----
Question Mark ..--.. Period (Break) .-.-.- Comma --..--
Dash -...- Slash -..-. Colon ---... Semicolon -.-.-.
Quotation Mark .-..-. Double Dash (BT) -...-
Fraction Bar -..-. End of Message (AR) .-.-.
End of Contact (SK) ...-.-
Listening
to Fire and Ambulance in Jefferson County
If you live in Jefferson County
and listen to fire and
ambulance traffic a lot you may wonder what all
those numbers
mean. Say, for example, that you heard '21-91 out at 14:23'.
The first number, the 21 in this case,
means the village or
town the unit is from. Look at the list below - you'll see 21
is
Felts Mills.
The next set of numbers are broken up. The
next number, 9 in
the example, stands for the vehicle type, look
below. The 9
stands for an ambulance. The next number, the 1 here, stands
for
the vehicle number from that area.
If the town or village had another
ambulance it would be
'21-92' which would stand for the second ambulance
from Felts
Mills.
Other counties may use other methods.
The missing numbers
below are for future expansion. The next numbers, after the 'out
at' is just the military-style time the unit was out of
service
at. If the number is over 12, just subtract 12 from
the hours,
in this case the time was 2:43 PM.
You may want to buy a map of Jefferson
County and tack or
tape on the number corresponding to each village or town's fire/
ambulance department. If you don't have room for a large map
you
can use a small one or even a home-made one. Also,
it helps to
keep a list of the numbers followed by the villages
and towns
(like below) nearby for
quick reference.
If you hear the dispatcher or a unit say there
is a '10-10',
then this means there is a full, confirmed
fire under way.
This can also be called a 'working fire'. '10-9' means
there is
no fire or that it is out.
About the 453.8125 frequency that you hear 46.180
repeated on
sometimes; according to a local fireman -
"Jefferson County
inherited the equipment that was the "Orange Phone" EMS Resource
system. This equipment has now been used to set up the two tower
system now used for fire communications. You could probably hear
traffic on some other nearby freqs, although they don't see much
use..."
Vessels not required to carry a marine radio are recreational
vessels less in 20 meters in length. But if these vessels carry
a radio they must maintain a watch on channel 16 whenever the
radio is operating and not being used to communicate. They may
alternately maintain a watch on channel 9, the boater calling
channel.
Vessels which are required to carry a marine radio, such as
commercial fishing vessels, must maintain a watch on channel 16
when the radio is not being used for communication.
All U.S. government and military vessels and shore stations
having a marine radio shall maintain a watch on channel 16 while
underway, whenever practicable. Government ships in portions of
the St. Lawrence Seaway or Coast Guard operated VTS may terminate
listening on channel 16 when directed by the Seaway or VTS to
call and work on a designated shop movement frequency.
Every power-driven vessel of 20 meters or greater, every
vessel of 100 tons and upward carrying one or more passengers for
hire, every towing vessel of 26 feet or greater, and every dredge
and floating plant near a channel or fairway must maintain a
watch on both channels 13 and channels 16 while it is underway.
Persons meeting this requirement must be able to speak English.
There rules apply to all foreign vessels operating within the
U.S. territorial waters, the Great lakes and their connecting and
tributary waters.
All ships, including foreign ships, are required to carry
radios capable of tuning to channels 5A (required only in Puget
Sound) and channel 22A.
Note that the letter "A" indicates simplex use of an
international duplex channel, and that operations are different
than international operations on that channel. Some VHF
transceivers are equipped with an "International - U.S." switch
for that purpose. "A" channels are generally only used in the
United States, and use is normally not recognized or allowed
outside the U.S.
Boaters should normally use channels listed as Non-
Commercial. Channel 16 is used for calling other stations or for
distress alerting. Channel 13 should be used to contact a ship
when there is danger of collision. All ships of length 20 meter
or greater are required to guard VHF channel 13, in addition to
VHF channel 16, when operating within U.S. territorial waters.
Users may be fined by the FCC for improper use of these channels.
Sometimes one frequency may be used by various agencies. For
example - some schools may use the same frequency.
After programming your scanner always check to make sure that
you do not have duplicates - it's a waste of channels and slows
down your scanning. Some scanners check for duplicates when you
type a new frequency in.
When searching for new frequencies with your scanner search
in small segments - the more often you scan a frequency the more
likely you are to find something, especially short messages.
Remember when using your search mode that your scanner might not
necessarily stop on a valid frequency. Know your scanner's
birdies and quirks and watch for interference.
You can also buy or make antennas made for specific frequency
ranges, which will give you better performance if you're scanning
a certain range a lot. They make them for the 800 MHz range, 46
MHz range, and many others.
Oh, and don't forget to try hooking your scanner up to the
output of your satellite dish (just make sure there isn't a big
pre-amp in between!).
A Mobile Data Terminal is a device that looks kind of like a
little computer mounted in the cop car (you won't see them around
here for awhile, probably). It usually has a small keyboard and
CRT and is used to give the officers data right on the screen in
the squad car.
The digital transmissions are usually in the 800 MHz range.
The transmission standards and protocols will be complex and
probably pretty well guarded. Apparently some police forces are
having a hell of a time getting these things to work right as
well as getting any benefits out of them, including the New York
State Thruway Authority who have had them for years.
Also, there has been some trouble from some police unions
because some of these devices include patrol car tracking devices
built into them.
What would you need to eavesdrop on these? You would need a
matching MDT set up with the same protocols, etc. Not an easy or
cheap thing to get, not to mention finding someone to program it
for you AFTER you got the proper codes!
An easier method might be to use a Tempest Interceptor or
equivalent. See info on this device below.
NOAA weather radio provides continuous broadcasts of the
latest weather information directly from National Weather offices
which is a service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
The broadcasts are taped weather messages repeated every four
to six minutes. These broadcasts are routinely revised every one
to three hours, or more frequently if needed. Most of the
stations operate 24 hours a day and can be heard around 40 miles
away (more if you use a good external antenna). More then 90
percent of the United States is within listening range of a NOAA
broadcast.
The weather information is specific to the region within the
receiving area. Locally, marine forecasts are also routinely
broadcast. A new NOAA feature in some areas is Selected Area
Message Encoding (SAME) or Weather Radio Selected Area Message
Encoding (WRSAME). With the proper radio (hard to find right
now) you can hear only watches and warnings for your county
instead of the all the counties and areas that are broadcast.
During severe weather or emergency weather conditions regular
weather broadcasts are interrupted with special weather
statements. During this time a special tone is broadcast
(1000 Hz) to warn weather alert receivers (like what you can buy
at Radio Shack). These receivers alert the listener to turn the
receiver up or the tone may automatically turn the receiver on
(depending on the unit).
Under a January 1975 White House policy statement, NOAA
weather radio was designated the sole government-operated radio
system to provide direct warnings into homes for both natural
disasters and nuclear attack. This capability is to supplement
warnings by sirens and by commercial radio and TV.
Normal AM/FM radios do not usually have the NOAA weather
frequencies but there are a few that do, as well as some CB's,
many scanners (if yours doesn't just program in your local
frequency and use the lock-out until you want to listen to it),
and some shortwaves as well as specialized weather-only radios
(mentioned above).
A warning; whether it is a severe, tornado, etc, means that
the weather pattern has been sighted in the area designated in
the warning. A watch means that the particular area under the
watch has the proper conditions for the weather pattern to occur.
NORAD's Air Intercept Control Channel is 364.2. This is the
primary & busiest of NORAD's UHF voice frequencies, and it's used
in all NORAD Regions. Very often, contact will be established on
364.2 MHz, and then switched to another frequency used within the
Regional Control Center's area.
If you're looking for tactical, 'secret', or 'special'
police
frequencies don't expect that they'll always be listed in an
FCC
database of licenses under the 'POLICE' designator, of course.
Try looking under the local government
freqs. They may be
using these (illegally) or even the input frqeuency
of a local
gov't repeater. Maybe even another frequency
not listed under
ANY license for your area.
The below codes are the 10-codes suggested
by the Associated
Public Safety Communications Officers (APCO). Your area may have
more then these or some of the below codes may be different.
The
best way to find out is just to listen.
A 10-code with a '/' before it means it is an unofficial
APCO
code used by some police. A '*' means that I've heard this
code
is used in this area. Locally the police don't seem
to use the
'10' in the code very often. For example, an officer
might ask
for a 28, not a 10-28, for Vehicle Information.
But the code
11-92 seems to be used in full.
/10-0 Caution
/10-46 Assist Motorist
10-1 Signal Weak
/10-47 Emergency Road Repair
10-2 Signal Good
/10-48 Traffic Control
10-3 Stop Transmitting
/10-49 Traffic Signal Out
10-4 Affirmative (OK)
/10-50 Traffic Accident
10-5 Relay (To) ...
/10-51 Request Tow Truck
10-6 Busy
/10-52 Request Ambulance
*10-7 Out Of Service
/10-53 Roadway Blocked
*10-8 In service
/10-54 Livestock on Road
10-9 Repeat
/10-55 Intoxicated Driver
10-10 Negative (NO)
/10-56 Intoxicated Pedestrian
/10-10 Fight in Progress
/10-57 Hit & Run
10-11 ... In Service
/10-58 Direct Traffic
/10-11 Animal Problem
*/10-59 Escort
10-12 Stand-by
/10-60 Squad in Vicinity
10-13 Report ... Conditions
/10-61 Personnel in Vicinity
10-14 Information
/10-62 Reply to Message
/10-14 Prowler Problem
/10-63 Prepare to Copy
10-15 Message Delivered
/10-64 Local Message
/10-15 Civil Disturbance
/10-65 Net Message
10-16 Reply to message
/10-66 Cancel Message
/10-16 Domestic Disturbance
/10-67 Clear for Net Message
10-17 En Route
/10-68 Dispatch Info
/10-17 Meet Complainant
/10-69 Message Received
10-18 Urgent (Quickly)
/10-70 Fire Alarm
10-19 Contact ...
/10-71 Advise Nature of Alarm
10-20 Location
/10-72 Report Progress of Alarm
*10-21 Call ... By phone
/10-73 Report of Smoke
10-22 Disregard
/10-74 Negative
10-23 Arrived At Scene
/10-75 In Contact with ...
10-24 Assignment Complete
/10-76 En Route to ...
10-25 Meet ...
/10-77 Estimated Time of Arrival
10-26 ETA Is ...
/10-78 Request Assistance
/10-26 Detaining Suspect
/10-79 Notify Coroner
10-27 DL Check
/10-80 Pursuit in Progress
*10-28 Vehicle Reg Info
/10-81 Breathalyzer Report
10-29 Records Check
/10-82 Reserve Lodgings
10-30 Use Caution
/10-83 School Crossing Assignment
/10-30 Unauthorized Radio Use
/10-85 Arrival Delay
10-31 Pick Up
/10-87 Pick Up
/10-31 Crime In Progress
/10-88 Advise Telephone #
10-32 Units Requested
/10-89 Bomb Threat
/10-32 Person With Gun
/10-90 Bank Alarm
10-33 EMERGENCY!
/10-91 Pick Up Subject
10-34 Correct Time
/10-92 Illegally Parked Vehicle
/10-34 Riot
/10-93 Blockade
/10-35 Major Crime Alert
/10-94 Drag Racing
/10-36 Correct Time
/10-95 Subject in Custody
/10-37 Suspicious Vehicle
/10-96 Hold Subject
/10-38 Stop Suspicious Vehicle /10-97
Test Signal
/10-39 Respond with Siren/Flashers /10-98 Prisoner Escape
/10-40 Do Not Use Sirens/Flashers /10-99 Wanted/Stolen
/10-41 Beginning Shift
/10-100 Police Wanted
/10-42 Ending Shift
/10-105 Deceased Subject
/10-43 Info
/10-106 Suspicious Subject
/10-44 Permission to Leave
/10-107 Check Residence
*/10-45 Dead Animal
/10-200 Short
*11-92 DWI (usually this
code is used in full)
Thanks to Mike C. and Warren Silverman, editor of 'The Scanner Master
New York Metro/Northern New Jersey
Guide' for much of the
above stuff.
Police Jargon (see also "Some common terms and abbreviations used
here and on the radio waves")
"92" - short for NYS Vehicle & Traffic Law section 1192
"941" - NYS Mental Health Law for "Unstable Person"
"1192" - NYS Vehicle & Traffic Law section for Driving While Intoxicated
Local police ID's:
Jefferson County Sheriff
J1 - Sheriff
J2 - Undersheriff
J3 - Lieutenant
J4, J5, J6, J7 - Detective
Cars
(above are unmarked cars)
J8-J18 - Marked Cars (red
& yellow markings)
J19 - Truck, with hitch,
seen pulling sheriff boat
CR1 & CR2 - Corrections
vehicles (white with black
markings)
J20 - Mini-Blazer
J21, J22, J23, J23 Base
- Alex Bay
J24, J25 - Sackets Harbor
J26 - Jefferson County Sheriff's
boat (jetski)
J27 - Black River
J28 - Town of Lyme, includes
Chaumont
J30 - Adams
J31 - Cape Vincent (not
currently in use)
J33 - Clayton
J34 - West Carthage
J35 - West Carthage
J36, J37 - Brownville -
3601 is the shield number of Chief
Thomas of Brownville and Glen Park Police
J38 - Dexter
J39 - no longer used?
J40 - Philadelphia
J41 - Antwerp
J42 - Theresa
J43 - Evans Mills (personal
car)
J50-J56 - DEC
J59 - Station wagon used
by county security, no radio
J60's - ?
J70 - Customs
J71 - Customs?
J60's - Border Patrol or
INS Inspectors
DC-1 - County Animal Control
DC-2 - County Animal Control
DC-3 - County Animal Control
Watertown Police
9-1 - Chief
9-2 - Shift Supervisor or
Captain?
9-3 - Shift supervisor's
car
9-3 - 9-12 - Marked patrol
cars 11 & 12 are K-9 units
9-4 - rover car zones 8
& 9
9-5 - rover car zones 6
& 7
9-6 - zone 6 - Mill St to
State St
9-7 - zone 7 - State St
to Washington St
9-8 - zone 8 - Washington
St to Arsenal St
9-9 - zone 9 - Arsenal St
to Mill St
9-10 - rover car (entire
city)
9-11 - K-9
9-12 - K-9
9-13 - DWI Patrol
9-14 - Marked Ford Mustang
9-15 to 9-26 - Admin &
detective cars
9-19 - Juvinile Officers
car - unmarked sedan
9-20 - Mustang, painted
in Department colors, marked 9-14?
9-24 - An Investigator
3-10? - Animal Control Truck,
wrong?
3-1 - Unmarked Chevy Caprice?
Old? Wrong?
3-8 - Animal control?
3-8 - ? unmarked patrol
(white Chevy Caprice, license WPD 38)
2-7 - Was police 4X4 Truck, now city fire vehicle
2-6 - Corrections car
K9-2 and K9-3 - marked patrols
with these numbers on the plates
K9-1 - New Ford Expidition?
But definatly a K9 unit
28 - Underwater Rescue Unit
State Police
A typical radio number such as
3d-15 means car #15 assigned
to zone 3 in Troop
D. The number is more representative
of the type of vehicle
and/or agency it belongs to.
3D-1 - Zone Commanders Vehicle
3D-10 - 3D-35 are regular blue
and gold cars
3d-25 - Alex Bay car
3D-15 - mini-Blazer
3D-5# - unmarked cars, called
"CI" or concealed identity
cars and bearing regular state police plates with
the radio number.
3D-81 - Blazer 4X4 K-9 unit stationed
in Lowville
3D-87 - Camaro pursuit car out
of SP-Pulaski, not Watertown?
3D-88 - Camaro pursuit car out
of SP-Watertown, not Pulaski?
3D-89 - Camaro pursuit car, probably
out of Alex Bay?
3D-98 & 3D-99 - Boat on St.
Lawrence
(the 8 after the D is special
purpose vehicles, 9 is boats)
5D-## or 5D-1## - BCI or
detective division drive compact
GM products bearing generic plates and a
forest of antennas.
D-84, D-79 - Scale units
P-29 - New York State Corrections
bus from Watertown
Correctional
Facility
Any 'P' unit is a New York State
Prisons vehicle, CR for
Corrections, CV for Civil.
P-60 - P-65 - Unknown?
Other agencies which use the State Police radio
service are
designated as 7D units with two digits if they are a state agency
such as park police. The park police
also use the Sheriff's
department but use their 7D-## call numbers when doing so:
7D-10, 7D-15, 7D-16, 7D-17, 7D-18, 7D-19, 7D-20, 7D-21
(boat?), 7D-50
Villages that use the radio service are designated
as 7D-3#
units: (Some villages use both)
Carthage - 7D-310, 7D-311, 7D-312
Adams - 7D-301
West Carthage - 7D-345, 7D-346
Clayton - 7D-305
Lowville - 7D-330, 7D-331
Pulaski - 7D-340
Sackets Harbor - 7D-380
US Border Patrol unit 451 - 7D-511
The portable radios used by the state are designated as
6D-3##
units and do not have much range. Base portables such as the
one
at Alex Bay carry quite well.
The DEC also uses the state police from
time to time. The
units are designated as 7N-6## units as Jefferson
County is in
Region 6 of the DEC. The last three numbers also
appear on the
license plate of the vehicles.
They also have their own
frequency but it is used statewide with repeaters.
It offers
little information to listeners.
Customs
-------
There is a repeater for customs in Ogdensburg and one
for Alex
Bay (the repeater itself is in Watertown). 'Sector'
is acually
the base in Florida, Alpha units are Agents/Law
Enforcement,
Charlie units are communications specialists, Delta units are the
Contraband Enforcement Team, India units are Inspectors.
Every
once in a while you may hear Lima units, which are aircraft.
Other Agencies Nearby
---------------------
Madison County Sheriffs
All dispatching is done through the Sheriff's Office,
base is
called "Control".
100's are Oneida PD
200's are Canasota PD
300's are unknown (heard 301)
400's are Sheriff patrols
500's are unknown (heard 598, 599)
600's never heard any
700's are Cazenovia PD
800's are unknown (heard 801)
Chittenango PD (also in County) - car "10" & 2 unmarked cars w/
no
numbers.
ONEIDA COUNTY SHERIFFS
HQ: Oriskany
substations: Barneveld, Camden, Griffiss (Rome) & Verona
Jails: Oriskany & Rome
ALL dispatching is done through the Sheriff's (including
mutual dispatch of NYSP units - like Jefferson Co) and base
is called "Oneida"
Unit numbers heard (but have NO clue who they belong to):
450, 451, 464, 467, 469, 471, 561, 562, 571, 573, 574, 576,
577, 578 & 581
Rome PD 155.010r CTCSS 110.9 units heard: 464, 467, 469
Oneida Indian Nation PD (seen only at the Turning Stone
Casino) and they were uniformed, armed, have arrest powers.
Radios they were carrying were Ericcson/GE and it was an
800MHz trunked system -- unfortunately I had no way
of getting the freqs.
The above was info gotten from Mike, thanks.
Fort Drum Military Police
-------------------------
Communications are usually scrambled.
10-2 Emergency Request For Assist. 10-23
Disturbance At (location)
10-3 Vehicle Accident
10-24 Suspicious Person (location)
10-4 Send Tow Truck
10-25 Stolen/Abandoned Vehicle
10-5 Send Ambulance
10-26 Serious Accident At (location)
10-6 Send Civilian Police
10-27 How Do You Receive This
10-7 Pick Up Prisoner
Station/Unit?
10-8 Prisoner In Custody
10-28 Signals Received Loud & Clear
10-9 Send Police Van
10-29 Signals Received Poorly
10-10 Escort
10-30 Request Non-Emergency Assist.
10-11 In Service
10-31 Request Investigator (location)
10-12 Out Of Service
10-32 Request M.P Duty Officer
10-13 Repeat Last Transmission
10-33 Stand By
10-14 What Is Your Location
10-34 Cancel Last Message
10-15 Proceed To (location)
10-35 Chow Relief
10-16 Report By Phone
10-36 Do You Have A Message For ___?
10-17 Return To Station
10-37 Report To Vehicle Wash Area
10-18 Last Assignment Completed
10-38 Change Or Relief
10-19 Do You Have Contact With ____ 10-39 Check
Of Vehicle Or Building
Make Contact With _____
10-40 Acknowledge
10-20 Relay To (person/unit)
10-50 Change Frequency
10-21 Time Check
10-22 Fire At (location)
A - Adam B - Boy C - Charles D - David
E - Edward F - Frank G - George H - Henry
I - Ida J - John K - King L - Lincoln
M - Mary N - Nora O - Ocean P - Paul
Q - Queen R - Robert S - Sam T - Tom
U - Unicorn V - Victor W - William X - X-ray
Y - Young Z - Zebra
QRG What is your frequency? Your exact frequency is ...
QRH Does my frequency vary? Your frequency varies
QRI How is the tone of my transmissions? The tone of
your transmissions is:
(1) Good
(2) Variable
(3) Bad
QRK What is intelligibility of my signals? The
intelligibility of your signals is:
(1) Bad
(2) Poor
(3) Fair
(4) Good
(5) Excellent
QRL Are you busy. I am busy. Please do not interfere
QRM Is my transmission being interfered with? Your
transmission is being interfered with
(1) Nil
(2) Slightly
(3) Moderately
(4) Severely
(5) Extremely
QRN Are you troubled by static. I am troubled by static
(1-5 as under QRM)
QRO Shall I increase power? Increase power
QRP Shall I decrease power? Decrease power
QRQ (Shall I) Send faster
QRS Shall I send slower? Send slower, ... wpm
QRT Must I stop sending? Stop sending
QRU Have you anything for me? I have nothing for you
QRV Are you ready? I am ready
QRX Please stand by
QRW Shall I inform ... that you are calling on ...?
Inform ... that I am calling on ...
QRX When will you call again (on ... KHz) I will call
you again at ... hours on ... KHz
QRY What is my turn? Your turn is ...
QRZ Who is calling me? You are being called by ... on
... KHz
QSA What is the strength of my signals? The strength of
your signals is:
(1) Scarcely perceptible
(2) Weak
(3) Fairly good
(4) Good
(5) Very good
QSB Are my signals fading? Your signals are fading
QSD Are my signals mutilated? Your signals are
multilated
QSG Shall I send ... messages at a time? I will send
... messages at a time
QSK Can you hear me between your signals, can I break
in? I hear you between my signals, you can break in
QSL Can you acknowledging receipt? I acknowledge
receipt
QSM Shall I repeat the last message Repeat the last
message
QSN Did you hear me on ... I heard you on ...
QSO Can you communicate with ... direct or by relay? I
can communicate with...direct or by relay through...
QSP Will you relay to ... ? I will relay to ...
QST General call preceding a message
QSU Shall I send or reply on this freq ... Send or
reply on this freq
QSV Shall I send a series of Vs on this freq ... Send
a series of Vs on this freq
QSW Will you send on this freq ... I will send on this
freq ...
QSX Will you listen to ... on ... I will listen to ...
on ...
QSY Shall I change to another frequency? Change to
another frequency or to ... KHz
QSZ Shall I send word or group more than once? Send
word or group more than once
QTA I will cancel message number ... Cancel message
number ...
QTB Do you agree with my counting of words. I agree
with your counting of words. (I will repeat the
first letter of digit of each word or group)
QTC How many messages have you to send? I have ...
messages to send
QTH What is your location? My location is ...
QTR What is the correct time? The correct time is ...
QRRR (Unofficial) Amateur distress signal and is to be
used in cases of emergency only
RST
(Readability/Signal/Tone) Signal Reporting System
1 Unreadable 2 Barely Readable
3 Readable With Considerable Difficulty
4 Readable With Practically No Difficulty
5 Perfectly Readable
Signal Strength
1 Faint signal - Barely Perceptible 2 Very Weak Signal
3 Weak Signal 4 Fair Signal
5 Fairly Good Signal 6 Good Signal
7 Moderately Strong Signal 8 Strong Signal
9 Extremely Strong Signal
Tone (For Code Transmissions Only)
1 Extremely Rough, Harsh and Broad Tone 2 Very Rough, Harsh
3 Rough, Rippling Tone Tone
4 Moderately Rough, Rippling Tone
5 Moderate, With Some Rippling Sound
6 Moderate, Hardly Any Rippling In Tone
7 Near Pure Tone, Only Traces Of Rippling
9 Perfect Tone
The frequencies listed under the Remote Control section are
used for remote control (R/C) models, and are sometimes called
'in-between channels' or Alpha channels on the CB band (some
illegal CB's are modified to transmit and receive on these bands).
49, 50, 52, 53, 72, 75 MHz frequencies are also being used
for remote control models.
Try scanning the frequencies used by these when you're near
someone using one. When you lock onto one you should be able to
hear the change in the sound when they move the various controls.
SAM - Special Air Mission
SAM callsigns belong to the 89th Military Airlift Wing (MAW)
and they are responsible for 'moving anybody who is anybody'.
When a callsign such as SAM 26000 is called it is the tail
number of the aircraft regardless of who is on board.
Air Force 1 and Air Force 2 are exceptions. If the president
flies on a Marine, Navy, or Army aircraft the callsign is the
branch of the service and a '01'. Example - Marine One, Navy One,
Army One.
(Thanks to Bill Staab for this info, which I've taken almost
verbatim from his text.)
Section 397 of the NYS Vehicle and Traffic Law - titled
"Equipping Motor Vehicles with radio receiving sets capable of
receiving signals on the frequencies allocated for police use".
At the end of this section of law there is a section called
"Notes of Decision" - "#5- Seized equipment" clearly states: "In
the absence of specific statutory authority, a radio seized by
the police in connection with an arrest and conviction for a
violation of section 397 of the vehicle and traffic law is not
considered contraband and may not be retained, destroyed or
rendered incapable of receiving."
Of course, the law starts out by saying that if you're not a
police officer, OR a peace officer, you CAN'T have the scanner in
your vehicle.
The above was sent to me by Mike (WatnNY@aol.com).
What, you say!? My scanner is a receiver only! Well, any
piece of equipment that uses crystal controlled or ceramically
resonated circuits generates a spurious output. So that means
that when your scanner is on and receiving it's also transmitting
a small but distinct signal (also see Tempest) and theoretically
someone could even tell what frequencies you're listening to.
This also holds true for transmitting and transceiving
equipment - though the equipment couldn't be transmitting at the
time that this spurious signal was being picked up.
Also, with the right equipment and knowledge a person could
tell the exact model of a radio and even tell two radios apart.
Have I made you paranoid now? Well, this information is
mostly to make you aware of this - it's not like the FCC drives
around the country and checks to see if people are listening to
cellular telephone conversations, right? But it is used by
various governments and agencies around the world.
But you could use this method to try and pick up some of
those freqs you just can't find elsewhere. You do have to find
some specific information, but sometimes finding this information
is more trouble then its worth. You might find that investing in
a frequency counter might be easier! The nice thing about this
method is the radio you're trying to monitor doesn't have to be
transmitting (and this method won't even work when it is).
First you have to know the approximate range that the radio
you want to monitor is going to be using. Otherwise you'll be
doing a lot of scanning and since you have to be fairly close it
might be a bit awkward.
Then you have to know what kind of radio they're using and
the first I.F. (Intermediate Frequency) Now, if you can
recognize the type of radio from a distance, great. But if you
have to get close enough to check it out you might even be able
to see the display or a label showing the transmitting frequency,
which would save you going through the following methods.
Anyway, you must have the technical info on the radio which
shows the first I.F. Take the I.F. frequency and subtract that
frequency from the range that you know the radio must operate on.
Now scan that frequency range while getting as close to the radio
as possible. If you have a good scanner and good antenna it will
stop on a weak but constant low tone. Now take the frequency and
add the I.F. frequency back to it. You'll now have the frequency
that that radio is receiving and transmitting on (unless it
transmits on one and receives on another).
Say the radio you want to find the transmit freq for is an
amateur radio on the 420-450 MHz range. You know the I.F. freq
is 24 Mhz. Subtract that from the 420-450 which gives you
396-426. Scan this range and get as close as possible to the
radio. When you hear a weak and constant low tone add the 24
back to it. Say it stopped on 424.537. Add the 24 and you'll
get 424.537, the frequency the amateur radio is set to transmit
at!
You MIGHT be able to take some guesses on some of the above
parameters but this isn't a simple method in the first place and
there's a lot of variables involved.
But if you can't find a freq any other way this method might
work for you. Try it with your scanner on a friend's radio if
you can to see how well your scanner does it.
Well, you're probably not going to worry about too many
submarines around here so this is more of general interest. The
purpose of a sub is secrecy & stealth so even if you lived in a
place like Groton, Connecticut ("The Sub Capital of the World"
as someone who lives there put it) you probably won't hear them.
Much of this message was taken from a message posted by Bill Funk
on the FidoNet scanner echo and confirmed by a number of
different people there and a couple places elsewhere (and it'll
sound familiar if you read any of the newer sub novels and watch
movies like "Crimson Tide" etc. Pretty realistic!)
Most of their transmissions utilize a compressed data stream
to a satellite using a narrow beam. This way the signal can't
easily be intercepted or detected and the sub's position won't be
given away. The antenna used for this looks like another
periscope and is used for both transmitting and receiving,
although they can transmit on almost any frequency they don't
usually do this (for obvious reasons).
When the sub is submerged VLF & ULF signals are used, though
the information rate for these transmissions are on the order of
one character every 20 seconds or so. A trailing antenna that's
hundreds of feet long is used for receiving these signals.
Usually these transmissions are only used to tell the sub
that there is a transmission to receive. The sub then goes to
periscope depth, receives the satellite transmitted data as per
above and then dives again.
A couple people mentioned that you might be able to hear the
subs on regular marine channels when they are towed into port
by tugboat.
Frequencies in the 470-512 MHz range (Ch 14-20) may be
assigned to Public Service mobile use in major metro areas. No
transmitters are allowed on 608-614 MHz (Ch 37). Each TV channel
is 6 MHz wide. The video carrier is 1.25 MHz above the start of
the range. The audio carrier is 0.25 MHz below the end of the
range. Television audio is wideband FM. Some TV stations may be
offset +/- 10 kHz.
A Tempest Receiver or Van-Eck Receiver, is a device for
intercepting, from a distance, a signal from a CRT display's NTSC
video signal (I assume they make them for different video signal
protocols for use in other countries).
That means anyone with this device can sit outside your
house, business, or wherever; a short distance away anyway, and
see what is displayed on your TV set, your computer's monitor, or
any other form of CRT (scary, huh?).
It could probably also be used to see what is displayed on a
MDT (you'd have to follow the cop around or whatever), maybe a
laptop? I'd like to hear from someone with more knowledge on
this.
Trunking is easy to figure out but not always easy to listen
to. See above for the frequency range normally used by trunked
systems.
A trunked system USUALLY consists of at least five channels,
in multiples of five most of the time. One channel is used as
the control or handshake channel. It is usually changed once a
day or sometimes twice. It's audio consists of a continuous
"buzzing" sound.
Each day monitor all of the repeater frequencies and lock
out the new control channel and unlock the control channel from
the day before. Eventually you may find a pattern for quicker
listening.
There may be more then one control frequency, meaning that
there are probably sub-systems operating; making your listening a
bit harder.
Also, there may be frequencies never seeming to be used by
anything. These may be special purpose channels and are probably
worth keeping in your scanner if you have enough room, just in
case.
If you find out that the system that you are monitoring is a
Motorola, try loading the frequencies into the scanner in
descending order. There is an unsubstantiated theory that the
trunking system's computer assigns a new frequency in descending
order every time a mic is keyed. Some people have reported some
success with this method.
If you have enough bank room you can load in the frequencies
for the mobile units in a trunked system. Just subtract 45 MHz
off the base frequencies. If you are close enough you'll be able
to pick up the mobile units without having to listen to the rest
of the trunked system, but you must be pretty close.
There are a number of different kinds of trunking systems...
Motorola Systems
----------------
Can be 1 to 4 control channel frequencies.
Type I. This system is the oldest and uses a combination of
around 14 combinations of a variable length fleet/subfleet/ID.
Type II. This is a newer version which uses talkgroups
instead of the fleet/subfleets of Type I. This system have be 3,
7, or 15 subfleets, plus one fleetwide channel in each fleet but
there can be quite a few talkgroups assigned to a system.
Type III. A combination of Type I and II.
EF Johnson LTR Systems
----------------------
Completely different from Motorola. There are no dedicated
control channel but uses a home channel. User group(s) are given
a specific home channel to use. For example, if channel 1 is
being used by user 1, who's assigned to that channel, another
user who tries to transmit while the first user is talking would
be handed off to another channel.
The USAF uses several nets and over the past few years they
have changed and combined. There is a system called Global
Command and Control System (GCCS) in place for keeping track of
all airlift and tanker operations worldwide. The system is
composed of HF stations located all over the world. Some are
part of the Mystic Star Network (Presidential Support) and some
are part of the now defunct Strategic Air Command while others
are run by remote control from stations hundreds of miles away.
For example, the Loring Maine station is remote controlled by
Macdill AFB in Florida which use HF radios referred to as PACER
BOUNCE. They are manufactured by Harris Communications of
Rochester NY and are state of the art with digital tuning, VOX
controlled phone patches, computer interfaces, etc. and use the
best antenna system for an outstanding, reliable system.
The system uses all the same basic frequencies but the call
signs vary. MAINSAIL is the generic call sign for any of these
stations, HILDA belongs to Air Mobility Commands (formerly
Military Airlift Command) Operations Center at Scott AFB IL.
Most of the other call signs such as Andrews, MacDill,
Loring, etc refer to that particular station.
Calls for SKY KING are for the old SAC alerting system. The
messages are nothing more then encoded message traffic. A lot of
what you would hear are weather updates, ETA updates, etc and the
system is only occasionally used by ground stations. The best
time to listen for that is when an operation is going on.
(Thanks to Bill Staab for this info, which I've taken almost
verbatim from his text.)
Watertown International Airport is about 5 miles outside of
Watertown. It is publicly-owned and operated by the City of
Watertown and is managed by Eugene P. Hayes.
There is no longer any control tower but there used to many
years ago.
Latitude - 43-59-30.917 North (43.9919214)
Longitude - 76-01-18.264 West (76.0217400)
Elevation - about 325 feet above sea level (99.1 meters)
ARTCC - Boston Center
FSS - Burlington Flight Service Station (1-800-WX-Brief)
NOTAM facility - ART (NOTAM-D service available)
Attendance - ALL/ALL/0800-DUSK
Segmented circle - yes
Lights: DUSK-DAWN
HIRL RY 07/25 PRESET LOW INTST; TO INCR INTST & ACTVT
MALSR RY 07; MIRL RY 10/28; TWY LGTS & REIL RY 28 -
CTAF.
Beacon - white-green (lighted land airport)
Landing fee - none for aircraft under 6000 pounds GWT
Airline operations: Full FAR Part 139 certification, but currently
is not receiving scheduled air carrier service
PPR 2 HRS FOR ACR OPNS WITH MORE THAN 30 PSGR SEATS
International operations: international airport of entry
Two hours advance notice to customs by the pilot is required.
Fuel available at airport - A 100LL
Airframe service available at airport - Major
Powerplant service - Major
Bottled oxygen - None
Bulk oxygen - None
Airport Stats
Aircraft typically based at the field - 41
Aircraft operations per year - 35066
Single engine airplanes - 36
Commercial - 2686
Multi engine airplanes - 4
Local general aviation - 21800
Jet airplanes - 1
Transient general aviation - 2780
Military - 7800
Runway 07/25
5000 feet (1524 meters) long and 150 feet (46 meters) wide.
Asphalt/grooved surface
Runway 10/28
4997 feet (1523 meters) long and 150 feet (46 meters) wide.
Asphalt surface.
Occasionally you'll see deer and birds and possibly other
animals right on the runway (I know this from experience!).
The 120-41 meter bands are usually most active after dark and
31-11 meters are active during daylight hours. Frequencies in
the list will and do change, somtimes without notice.
The wireless mike frequencies listed in the frequency
allocations above and in the list are used by fast food drive-
thru's, wireless mikes, bugs (government and otherwise), newer
walkie-talkies, local preachers at churches, entertainers while
on stage, husbands checking up on their wives and vice versa,
companies checking up on their competitors; the list is endless.
Many of these are fairly low power so you would have to be
quite close to pick them up.
Frequencies with descriptions may be shared with others.
Ex. - A fast food frequency may also be used by wireless
mikes in a church elsewhere.
Some common search ranges 49 - 50 MHz, 72 - 76 MHz, 88 - 108
MHz, 174 - 216 MHz. Federal Agencies seem to stick within their
band when using bugs = 162 - 174 MHz, 406 - 420 MHz, Federal Body
Mikes 169.2 - 173.4 MHz.
Bumper Beepers are used for the tracking purposes of a car
'vehicle' to keep up with the actions of an individual. They can
also be used on the person of an agent or individual to keep
track of his position.
According to James M. Atkinson - "Most recently purchased gvt
microwave surveillance gear seems to be running between 900mhz to
5ghz, with a few systems operating on the 7/8 Ghz bands.
"Also, keep in mind that the pros love to use ultra low power
devices which use the power lines as the transmission medium/
antenna (9khz to 300 MHz). Devices typically operate below 10mw,
often below 1mw. The devices typically use Wide FM and use voice
inversion encryption... VERY easy to demodulate.
Note: According to a recently obtained DOJ surveillance training
manual:
"The typical range for the 28 Ghz devices is six miles, the
typical range of the 2.4 Ghz is thirty miles, and the typical
range for the 1.7ghz is 44 miles.
"... frequency modulated applications should operate below 3 Ghz
to take advantage of the favorable frequency propagation
characteristics of that part of the spectrum.
"...Frequency Hopping and Direct Sequence Devices speed spectrum
devices should operate above 1.5 Ghz, this will prevent the
emissions from being detected by electronic countermeasures."
No, not the radios those guys with the yellow trucks and
snowplows use.
"Dot" stickers are used by the manufacturer or distributor to
indicate the frequency of otherwise identical transceivers. They
are often found in rental inventories and on construction sites.
Telephone - Attached to a phone, either serial or parallel.
Picks up phone conversations or some can be
remotely activated to pick up conversations in a
room (the latter does not pick up phone
conversations).
VOX - Transmits the audio only when a sound is made.
Usually can still be picked up by professional bug
hunters by putting out a tone to hold the VOX circuit
open.
Remote Activation - Has a small receiver and can be turned
on on command. Can be picked up with
a NLQ (Non-Linear Junction Detector)
but otherwise hard to pick up when not
on.
Burst Transmission - Stores a few seconds of speech and then
transmits it in a compressed burst.
Hard to detect.
Encrypted - Just what the name says.
Spread Spectrum - Very, very hard to detect but a good
spectrum analyzer should be able to find
it.
Sometimes you can find some interesting listening on drive-
thru freqs. Sure, there's a lot of "I'll take two Big Mac's and
small fries" but once in a while you'll catch an employee
insulting a drive-thru customer or interesting chit-chat.
Drive-thru transmitters are very low power so you have to be
fairly close to pick them up, depending on conditions and your
equipment. Usually about half a mile is the range.
Some drive-thru's use simplex systems which means they
transmit on one freq and receiver on another but a lot of the
time you can find the one freq which has both sides of the
conversation. Or sometimes there is a frequency for employees
and one for the drive-thru (like the Burger King on Arsenal
Street in Watertown).
For the drive-thru freq you may hear outside noise until
someone orders, a dead carrier, or nothing at all until a vehicle
trips a detector. You then may hear a tone and then the regular
ordering sequence.
See the frequency manual for drive-thru freqs around here and
if you're searching elsewhere most every possible one is listed.
But a lot of times its best to use the search function on your
scanner rather then poking each of those in - just check through
them to find the likely ranges.
Some drive-thru's do not use transmitters so don't waste your
whole lunch break if you can't find after a reasonable amount of
time - it may be a wired system.
Some
common terms and abbreviations used here and on the radio waves
AAA - American Auto Association
ADF - Automatic Direction Finder, found mostly in aircraft
Adve - Advanced
AICC - Airborne Intercept Control Command
AINS - Area Inertial Navigation System
ALS - Advanced Life Support
AM - Amplitude Modulation
AMTS - Automated Maritime Telecommunications System
APCO - Associated Public-Safety Communications Officers
APU - Auxiliary Power Unit
ARES - Amateur Radio Emergency Services, a group of volunteers
who assist
prior to the declaration of emergency.
These people
are weather spotters, race communicators
as well as disaster
communicators. This is a volunteer
organization
sponsored by the ARRL (American Radio
Relay League)
ARRL - American Radio Relay League,
largest USA ham radio
organization
ART - Code for Watertown or Watertown
Airport. Seen on
weather and aviation
charts
ASCII - American Standard Code For Information Exchange
ATC - Air Traffic Control or All-Terrain Cycle
ATIS - Automatic Terminal Information
Service, found in
aircraft
ATV - All-Terrain Vehicle or Advanced
Television (digital
television with
CD-quality sound and a very sharp
picture)
AUO - Aggrivated Unlicensed Operation (of motor vehicle)
Autovon - Automatic Voice Network, see DSN
Aux - Auxiliary
Bandwidth - Amount of frequency space taken up by a signal
BCI - Bureau of Criminal Investigation
Beam Antenna - A directional antenna used by many hams
BIAS Signal - A high frequency signal which
is mixed with an
audio signal and applied to a tape. This signal
allows the audio to better saturate the tape and
produces a cleaner sound with less distortion.
BFO - Beat Frequency Oscillator, on
some receivers makes
sideband voice
transmissions intelligible and improves
Morse code reception
BLS - Basic Life Support
BO - Bad Order, Not Working
CAP - Civil Air Patrol
CCI - Controlled Cyptographic Items
CD - Civil Defense or Compact Disk
CD-ROM - Compact Disk Read Only Memory, used with computers
Ch# - Channel Number
Chrominance - Color portion of TV signals
Clear - non encrypted comms
Client ID Number - NYS Driver's License Number
Coded - DES or other encyptions. Not for classified
comms
Company Car - any NY State Police vehicle
CM - Centimeter
C Minus 4 - polce, the 3-11 shift and plus or minus 4
means overtime
Cnty - County
Coulomb - The unit of quantity
of electricity equal to
6.28x1018 electrons
CPA - Car/Pedestrian Accident
CSQ - Carrier Squelch, no CTCTSS tone
CTCSS - Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System, see
CTCSS or PL
Tones
section above
Cty - City or County
Cvtnl - Conventional
CW - Continuous wave or morse code
CWA - County Warning Area, see NOAA
DALL - Driver's information ALL
Dielectric - Insulating material
DES - Digital Encryption System, DVP is civilian version
DES-Xl - Updated DES. Not compatible with older
DES systems.
Better sound output and radios can store more then
one key. Capable of Over The Air Rekey (OTAR).
DL - Driver's License
DLIC - Drivers LICense check
DME - Distance Measuring Equipment, used in aircraft
DNR - Dynamic Noise Reduction. A circuit which
reduces hiss
and noise from any
source whether it is AM, FM, tape,
etc. and not to be
confused with Dolby.
DPL - Digital Private Line, see the CTCSS or PL
Tones section
above
DOA - Dead on Arrival
DOB - Date of Birth
DOLBY B & C - Noise-reduction systems intended
to reduce tape
hiss.
Dolby Pro-Logic - Decoder which uses circuitry
to duplicate
sound used in Dolby Surround theaters.
DOT - Department of Transportation, or designation on
business
band radios,
see Wireless Mikes/Bugs/Bumper Beepers/
Walkie Talkies section
Downlink - Frequency used to relay satellite transmissions
to
Earth
DSN - Defense Switched Network.
This used to be called
Autovon (Automatic
Voice Network). DSN is the private
telephone system
used primarily by DOD and relying on
the commerical common
carriers (ATT, MCI, etc.) for most
of the circuits.
DTMF - Dual Tone Multi-Frequency, what tone-dialing telephones
use
Duplex - Communications in more then one direction
DVP - Digital Voice Protection, scrambles communication,
DES is
Federal version
DX - Distance
EAS - Emergency Alert System, replacing EBS
EBS - Emergency Broadcast System
EID - Electronic Intrusion Device
ELT - Emergency Locator Transmitter
EMS - Emergency Medical Service
ENG - Electronic News Gathering
EOD - Explosive Ordinance Disposal
ETA - Estimated Time of Arrival
F - Fatality
FAA - Federal Aviation Administration
Farad - unit of capacitance - fd, F, Fd
Fascinator - New encryption method. Approved for
top security
comms by fed gov't. Multiple keys, OTAR capable.
FBO - Fixed Base Operator - the airport manager
(V)FD - (Volunteer) Fire Department
FEMA - Federal Emergency Management Agency
FM - Frequency Modulation
FM Sensitivity - Tells you how well a tuner
pulls in weak
stations. Measured
in decibel femtowatts. Lower values
indicate a more sensitive
tuner.
FM Stereo Separation - Indicates how well a tuner
reproduces
the three-dimensional
stereophonic effect. The higher
the value the better
the stereo image.
FOIMS - Field Office Information Management System, FBI
system
used to
automate the administrative and record keeping
functions
of the field and resident offices
Footprint - Area covered by satellite transmission
Frequency Response - Tells you how well the
audible range is
reproduced. Humans can hear sounds from 20 Hertz
to 20,000 Hertz. "Middle C" on a piano is 262 Hz.
FRS - Family Radio Service, new Citizens Band service
GCCS - Global Command and Control System
GCA - Ground-Controlled Approach
Geostationary Orbit - An orbit of 22,300 miles above the
Earth
where satellites circle the Earth at the
same speed as the planet is turning,
thus the satellite stays in one position
Ghz - Gigahertz
GMRS - General Mobile Radio Service
GMS - Japanese Weather Satellite
GMT - Greenwich Mean Time, old
term for UTC, worldwide
standard time zone
Gnrl - General
GOES - North American Weather Satellite
GPM - Gallons Per Minute
GPS - Global Positioning System.
A satellite system
consisting of many
satellites which encircle the Earth
to provide
the device with very exact location
information.
There are civilian and military versions,
the military
being more accurate so far because of
limitations imposed
by the military
Ground Wave - Radio wave which stays near the Earth,
can only
be heard a short distance
HEAR Channels - Hospital Emergency Ambulance Radio
HGS - House of the Good Samaritan Hospital (now SMC)
Hz - Hertz
IF - Intermediate Frequency
IFF - Identification, Friend or Foe, also see Aviation
section
IFR - Instrument Flight Rules
ILS - Instrument Landing System
Impedance - Opposition to current including
both resistance
and reactance (resistance, reactance,
and
impedance are measured in ohms)
INSAT - Indian Weather Satellite
Intersystem, Intercity, Interagency - Frequency used by
multiple agencies
for the sharing of information
Intrl - International
Ipt - Input
IR - Infrared
IRC - International Reply Coupon, worldwide medium used
to pay
for postage costs,
usually for QSL cards
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
ISIS - Investigative Support Information
System, FBI system
used to provide
support for major investigations that
require
the handling of a large volume of complex
information,
limited to maximum of 20 cases at a time
Killowatt hours - Energy, in kilowatts, multiplied by
the time
in hours
Kirchoff's Current Law - Current entering
a junction must
equal current leaving
LETS - Law Enforcement Tracking System
LOJACK - An auto theft tracking system that relies
on a
transponder which is hidden in your vehicle.
Luminance - Brightness portion of TV signals.
MARS - Military Amateur Radio Service
MAW - Military Airlift Wing
MCS - Mobile Switching Center. Cellular - tracks
and transfers
cell calls as they
leave one cell coverage to another.
MDT - Mobile Data Terminal, mobile onboard computer
terminal,
usually 800 MHz; used
by some police departments and
others
Mble - Mobile
MHz - Megahertz
MCIC - ? Anyone have this ?
MODE-C - See Aviation section
Mutual Aid - The sharing of resources and/or personnel
between
various departments
NAB - National Association of Broadcasters
NALEMARS - National Law Enforcement Aid Radio System or
NLEEF
NCIC - National Crime Information Center,
nationwide wants &
warrant requests
go here, they receive almost 400,000
inquiries of
this type every day
NDB - Non-Directional Radio Beacon
NORAD - North American Aerospace Defense Command
NRC - Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NTSB - National Transportation Safety Board
Nvc - Novice
NYSPIN - New York State Police Information Network
OCIS - Organized Crime Information Systems, allows
FBI agents
in different
field offices to share and analyze
information
collected in each other's areas
OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer or Office
of Emergency
Management (Services)
Ops - Operations
Opt - Output
OT - Overtime
OTAR - Over The Air Rekey.
The process of updating a
cryptographic
variable over the air for use in the
receiving
device ONLY. Used by the military often.
(also see OTAT)
OTAT - Over The Air Transfer. The process
of transferring a
cryptographic
variable over the air for use in a
cryptographic
device other than the one receiving it
(the variable
is extracted and used elsewhere, also see
OTAR).
PA - Public Address System
Packet Radio - Using a computer, a
TNC (see below), and
a amateur radio for electronic mail, message
transmission, emergency communications, on-air
BBS', or tinkering with digital communications
PCC - Public Correspondence Channel
PCS - Personal Communications Services.
Second generation
cellular telephone
services.
PD - Property Damage Only or Police Department
PDAA - Property Damage Automoblie Accident
PI - Personal Injury
PL (CTCSS) Tone Codes Chart - Private Line sub-audible
tones,
see CTCSS or PL Tones section above
Print Through - Applies to tape.
Accidental transfer of
recorded signals from one tape layer
to
another. The lower the number the better.
Propagation - Transportation of radio
waves through the
atmosphere from one part of the world to another
QRP - Low power operation (in ham radio,
usually under 10
watts)
QSL Card - A card from a radio station that verifies
that you
heard their broadcast, usually used in shortwave
reception
RACES - Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service. Is
the part of
the Amateur
Radio service that gets used in a declared
emergency.
That means if the Governor was to declare
a state
of emergency, the ham radio operators would be
put to
work for the state (or Commonwealth). In the
event
of a war, the Amateur Radio bands would be shut
down to
all but RACES radio operators.
Radar Service Terminated - See Aviation section
RALL - vehicle Registration ALL
REACT - Radio Emergency Associated
Citizens Teams -
International
volunteer emergency organization,
usually
operating on Citizen Band channel #9 and/or
the GMRS
emergency channel
Repeater - An automated transmitter which is used
to pick up,
amplify, and retransmit the signal
Reactance - Opposition to current caused by voltage or
current
changes not resulting in energy dissipation (this
opposition is caused by inductive and capacitive
effects)
Resistance - Opposition to current
resulting in energy
dissipation
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RMI - Radio Magnetic Indicator
Rolling Code - where a code is continuously changed
RTTY - Radioteletype, digital transmission
much faster then
Morse Code
RVEH - Registered VEHicle information
RVI - Rolling Vehicle Identification
RVIN - Registered Vehicle Identification Number
SAC - Strategic Air Command
SAM - Special Air Mission
SAME - Selected Area Message Encoding, see NOAA
Sec - Security
Secured - Encrypted comms approved for classified comms
Signal-to-Noise Ratio - Tells you how
quiet it is, so you
don't hear a lot of hiss and noise. Higher values
indicate less background noise
Simplex - Communication in one direction at a time
SINPO/SIO - Method of quantifying reception
conditions in a
five-digit code, used mostly for shortwave
reception
Skip - Radio signals which have bounced off the atmosphere
SMC - Samaritan Medical Center (formerly HGS)
SMRS - Specialized Mobile Radio Service -
a privately owned
repeater or
group of repeaters which the owners charge
a fee to share
the use of
SP - State police
S&R's- Suspensions & Revocations
S & R - Search & Rescue
SSB - Single Sideband
STL - Studio Transmitter Link or Studio to Transmitter
Link
SWAT - Special Weapons & Tactics Teams
Syr - Syracuse
TAC - Tactical
TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access. This is a
digital
system allowing
a frequency to be used by more then one
user on a time-shared
basis using time-slots.
THD - Total Harmonic Distortion, measured as percentage
of the
total output
signal. The lower the number, the better.
TNC - Terminal Node Controller
Transponder - In aircrafts it is the airborne equipment
which
receives a ground radar signal and responds by
transmitting back a coded signal, also see under
the Aviation section transponder squawk
Transponder Squawk - see above and Aviation section
Trunking - All stations share a group of channels
TX or Xmit - Transmit or Transmitter
Type II cassettes - Takes advantage of
special high bias
capabilities of better tape players
UPM - Unlawful Possession of Marijuana
Uplink - Frequency used to transmit
signals from an Earth
station to a satellite
USAF - United States Air Force
USCG - United States Coast Guard
USN - United States Navy
UTC - Old term for worldwide standard time
zone, now called
GMT or Greenwich
Mean Time - convert from military time
format and then add
five hours (four for summer months)
VFR - Visual Flight Rules
VIN - Vehicle Identification Number (pronounced "vin")
VIS - Visible
VOR - VHF Omni-directional range radio beacon, used in
aircraft
VOX - Voice Operated Transmit
WINQ - Warrant INQuiry
WFM - Wide FM
Wow-and-Flutter - Tells how accurately the
tape transport's
speed is controlled. A smaller percentage
of Wow-and-Flutter indicates a more accurate
tape transport. Wow is slow and Flutter is
fast fluctuations.
WPM - Words Per Minute
WTN - Watertown
WX - Weather
Xmit or TX - Transmit or Transmitter
Xtra - Extra
I'd like to thank the following people, business', BBS'
organizations, BBS' and magazines/books. They've been great
sources of info, frequency lists (sometimes that one frequency
I've been looking for forever), and/or just nice to do business
with and talk about my hobby with. Some of the text in this file
has been taken verboten or nearly so from some of these people's
files.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Major Contributors (in no particular order)
------------------------------------------
Andy Burrows for some of the Fort Drum stuff
Rodney Esley (for lots of the police stuff and others)
Vincent Everett for a LOT of the shortwave, Fort Drum info and
freqs, and Watertown Airport info and freqs
Mike (WatnNY@aol.com) for a WHOLE lot of the police stuff and
corrections to stuff!
Bill Staab (KB2TNQ) for info on the Fort Drum airfield operations,
SAM callsign clarification, and other fun stuff
that I'd never find elsewhere
Warren Silverman, editor of 'The Scanner Master New York Metro/Northern
New Jersey Guide'
[If I missed any write me!]
Others
------
A textfile called ALLPHONE.FRQ by 'Fearless Phosdick'
alt.radio.scanner, rec.radio.cb, & rec.radio.scanner newsgroups
ARNet Scanner Echo
James M. Atkinson, Communications Engineer
Automania BBS
Nigel Ballard
A message in rec.radio.scanner by BrianB@faa.roc.servtech.com
(Brian Berard) concerning airports
Beyond Police Call from Radio Shack
Pete Biggers
A message by Rich Carlson, N9JIG
The CB FAQ
Bill Cheek
Roger D. Cravens
Cyberealm BBS (Offline now) and Pat & Linda Fields
A text-file by John Desmond, WB0GDB
The textfile A Guide to Scanner antennas by Mike Diaz
George Fassett
FIDONet Scanner Echo
FIDONet Shortwave Echo
Jim Fordyce's N.Y. State Thruway Police Codes webpage
Fort Drum BBS
A message by Bill Funk on the sub stuff
A couple textfiles by John (Topol) Johnson KWV8BP from The
Hotline BBS [(304)736-9169, (304)743-7909]
J & L Communications (for their old freq manual)
A message by Paul Cordingley about the St. Lawrence Seaway comms
Larry Girard (for fire stuff)
John Gordon (how big ARE scanners in Texas?!)
A message by Pat Gribbin, WESH-TV news photographer on scanning
trunking
HAMNET BBS (Offline now)
A file from Havana Moon's "Los Numeros" On-Line [(408)973-9111]
uploaded to the Liberty Mall BBS by Pete.
Shawn Hayes Chris Hayman
The Hotline BBS 304-736-9169 or 304-743-7909
Jennifer Hudson (for a lot of the police stuff, love ya!)
A message in rec.radio.scanner by dhughes@inetdirect.net (D. Hughes)
Infopedia
Clay Irving (for putting my freqs on his web pages - check his page
at http://www.panix.com/~clay/scanning as well as his mailing
list at Majordomo@lists.panix.com)
John Johnson, KWV8BP (a textfile on Federal License Plates)
Fred Lampman
Liberty Mall BBS [(315)788-1297] (great place to visit!)
"The License Plate Book," by Thomson C. Murray (Interstate
Publishing Co. Inc., Cleft Road, Mill Neck NY 11765,
Federal License Plates section)
Logical Positivism BBS [Offline now]
Mountain Summit BBS (Offline now)
A file called Mall Cop Frequencies by Michael Subelka
A message in rec.radio.scanner by twilson3@ix.netcom.com (Tom
Moorehouse) on aviation
A text-file by N5OWK
The New England Scanner Technology mailing list
(nest@nomad.n-reading.ma.us) run by Michael C Tiernan
Bill Nolan
Northern Lights BBS (Offline now)
John Meyers (KB2TNP) and his BBS - Dots & Dashes BBS (Offline now)
The Playhouse BBS (Offline now, great CD-ROM with scanner stuff)
Police Call Radio Guide from Radio Shack
Popular Communications
Radio Shack
The SCAN-L mailing list (SCAN-L@UAFSYSB.UARK.EDU) run by Peter Laws
Shortwave Listener's Handbook - 3rd edition by Hand Bennett, Harry
L. Helms, & David T. Hardy
Shortwave Radio Listening for Beginners by Anita Louise McCormick
Patrick Springer
A file by Terry Stader - KA8SCP
The "Top Secret" Registry of U.S. Government Radio Frequencies
(Federal License Plates section)
Harold Rozanski
Ron Walsh
A message in rec.radio.scanner by Curtis Wheeler The White House BBS [(315)785-0319] and its SysOp and the
Cyberspace Transporter Door there
Pete Wormwood (KB2JY)
Bhoto Zhamtos & Unmentioned Friends (for lots of stuff)
Many, many people from the various echoes mentioned above.
And the NOAA Weather Service for being dependable and helpful.
Those I missed or who wanted not to be listed or forgotten.
If you have any frequencies, info, or corrections to
contribute please write me at my registered listening station
(KNY2ADC) address below.
If you think you can write up any part of this text better
then I, please feel free to and drop it to me for perusal. I'm
no expert on this and if anyone has more knowledge on a
particular area I'd gladly incorporate it into this text,
crediting you fully of course.
I'm open to any mode of reception of any new frequencies
including transfer of files over the modem (the fastest and
easiest way to incorporate info into my files), fax, voice-
communication, or even plain ol' paper. Or if you contact me on
one of the local BBSes, nets, or the Internet - you can attach
a file or include text in the message to me, which works just as
well...
Also, if you are interested in becoming a registered monitor
station from CRB HQ please write me for more info. These ID's
supersede earlier registry projects such as WDX, WPE, etc and are
similar to callsigns. The ID's can be used on communications
correspondence, signal reports, QSL's, etc and 1000's of HF/VHF
/UHF monitors are registered all over.
I do have a number of modifications for scanners and some
shortwaves and amateur radios. Most of them can be done by a
fairly handy person with a little experience. But some are a bit
more complicated so I wouldn't recommend them if you don't have
complete confidence in your electronics abilities.
I also have available the textfiles on how to convert an old
AM table model radio, clock radio, transistor radio, or car
radio/stereo into a multi-band shortwave receiver. And many,
many other textfiles on electronics and radios including a
listing of all cellular telephone frequencies and channels (these
are for educational purposes only!).
Contact me for more info or if you have any mods for scanners
or interesting textfiles yourself.
Just one more note - we are continually being threatened with
more and more restrictions to this hobby. Keep an eye out for
new laws and signs of new laws to come, many times needlessly
regulating the airwaves and how we interact with them. Let those
who make these laws know what you think.
Also, a great medium for the exchange of free information is
being threatened - the Internet. Don't let it happen.
Write to your congressperson and let him or her know just
what you think...
According to a law passed late in 1994 it is now illegal to
listen to cordless phones, as well as cellular.
That's all for now, until the next version, so enjoy and keep
scanning!