The Primitive Invertebrates

 

I. Overview of the Animal Kingdom:  Characteristics

       A. Heterotrophic

       B. Multicellular eukaryotic organisms

       C. Locomotion

       D. Sexual reproduction

       E. Development

II. The Nine Major Phyla

       Porifera

       Cnidaria

       Platyhelminthes

       Nematoda

       Annelida

       Mollusca

       Arthropoda

       Echinodermata

       Chordata

III. P. Porifera

       A. General biology of sponges:  marine/                                          asymmetrical/ sessile/ filter feeder

       B. Basic structure:  porocytes/ choanocytes/                             epithelial/ amoeboid/ spicules/ spongin

       C. The choanocyte: zoomastigina, microstructure

       D. Reproduction

              1.  asexual--fragmentation, gemmules

              2.  sexual--monoecious

III. P. Cnidaria

       A. Radial symmetry

       B. General biology:  no organs/ marine/ carnivores

       C. Morphology:  polyp/ medusa

       D. Reproduction:  budding/ sexual: planula

       E. Internal digestive cavity: coelenteron

       F. Tissue organization: N. net/ no circ/ no resp/

              no coelom

       G. Cnidocytes/ nematocysts

       H. Symbiosis

       I.  Classes

              1. Hydroids: Portuguese man-of-war, Hydra

              2. Jellies

              3. Sea anemones and corals

       J. P. Ctenophora

IV. Bilateral Symmetry

       A. Terms:  dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior

       B. Advantages

V. P. Platyhelminthes

       A. General biology:  cephalization, gut is only internal                     cavity, bilateral

       B. Classes

              1. planaria

              2. flukes

              3. tapeworms

VI. The coelom

       A. acoelomates

       B. pseudocoelomates

       C. coelomates

VII. P. Nematoda

       A. General biology: ubiquitous/ microscopic/ parasitic/              sex reproduction

       B. Parasites: hookworm, Ascaris, Trichinella