The Higher Invertebrates

 

I. The Coelom

       A. Solid body vs. internal body cavity

       B. Pseudocoelomate vs. coelomate

       C. Protostomes vs. deuterostomes

 

II. P. Mollusca

       A. Morphology: bilateral/ visceral mass, foot, mantle/ organs/ radula/ coelom/ circulatory & excretory   systems

       B. Reproduction: most dioecious, motile stages-- trochophore & veliger

       C. Classes

              1. C. Gastropoda (Univalvia): operculum/ torsion

              2. C. Bivalvia (Pelecypoda): filter feeders                           3. C. Cephalopoda : head-foot/ camera eyes/ jet                          propulsion/ melanophores

 

III. P. Annelida

       A. Morphology: brain/ hydrostatic skeleton/ setae/       closed circulatory system/ diffusion

       B. Reproduction: monoecious/ cross-fertilize/       clitellum/ mucus bag

       C. Classes

              1. Polychaetes

              2. Earthworms: digestive system/ aortic arches

              3. Leeches

 

IV. P. Arthropoda

       A. General characteristics: jointed legs/ segmented/   exoskeleton

       B. External morphology: chitonous exoskeleton   requires molting/ compound eye with ommatidia

       C. Internal morphology: open circulatory system/        respiratory--spiracles lead to tracheae/ excretory--    Malpighian tubules/ nervous--D/V ganglia, brain       inhibitor

       D. C. Arachnida (spiders & scorpions): chelicerae,      pedipalps, 4 pair legs, external digestion, book lungs

       E. C. Crustacea: 2 pair antennae, 3 pair of chewing           appendages, cephalothorax covered by carapace

       F. Subphylum Uniramia

              1. Centipedes: 1 pair of legs per segment/                                carnivores

              2. Millipedes: 2 pair of legs per segment/                                  herbivores & detritivores

       G. C. Insecta:

              1. 1 pair of antennae, 3 body parts, 3 pairs of                           legs attached to thorax.

              2. Orders classified by mouthparts

              3. Insect wings

              4. Sense receptors

              5. Communication: sound, pheromones, waggle

V.  P. Echinodermata

       A. Deuterostome

       B. Endoskeleton w/ ossicles

       C. Nerve ring

       D. Water vascular system, tube feet

       E. Regeneration, eject viscera

       F. Feeding in the sea star