The Nature of Molecules: Inorganic Chemistry

 

I. Atoms: The Stuff of Life

       A. Models: Rutherford, Bohr, electron cloud

       B. Using the Periodic Table

       C. Isotopes

       D. Ions

       E. Distribution of elements in organisms

 

II. Chemical Bonds Hold Molecules Together

       A. Octet Rule

       B. Ionic bonds form crystals: gain or lose electron

       C. Covalent bonds build molecules: share electron

III. Water: The Cradle of Life

       A. Unique properties necessary for living organisms

       B. Water acts like a magnet: polarity

       C. Water clings to polar molecules

              1. cohesion: surface tension

              2. adhesion: capillary action

       D. Water stores heat

              1. High specific heat

              2. Forms ice with decrease in temperature

              3. High heat of vaporization

       E. Water is a powerful solvent: hydration shells

       F. Water organizes nonpolar substances:                                 hydrophobic interactions

       G. Water ionizes and buffers: pH