Cell Structure and Function

 

I. The cell is the basic unit of life

       A. Cells are all alike...

              1. Plasma membrane

              2. DNA-containing region

              3. Cytoplasm

       B. But there are two different types

              1. Eukaryotic

              2. Prokaryotic

       C. Most cells are quite small

              1. Cell Theory

                     a. Hooke

                     b. van Leeuwenhoek

                     c. Schleiden

                     d. Schwann

              2. Surface-to-volume ratio  (S/V)

 

II.  Typical Organelles in Plant and Animal Cells

       A. Nucleus

              1. Nuclear Envelope

              2. Nucleolus

              3. Chromosomes

       B. Cytomembrane system

              1. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Rough ER and                        Smooth ER

              2. Golgi Bodies

              3. Vesicles

                     a. Lysosomes

                     b. Peroxisomes

      
C. Mitochondria  (“powerhouse of the cell”):

               OM, IM, cristae, matrix

       D.  Plastids

              1. Chloroplasts: stroma, grana, thylokoid

              2. Chromoplasts

              3. Amyloplasts

       E. Vacuole

       F. Cytoskeleton

              1. Microtubule:  tubulin +/-, MTOC (centriole,                     kinetochore), 25 nm

              2. Microfilament: actin, 5-7 nm

              3. Intermediate filaments: specific animal                           tissues

 

III. Cell Motility

       A. Mechanisms

              1. controlled assembly or disassembly

              2. parallel arrays actively slide

              3. shunt organelles

       B. Flagellum

       C. Cilia

 

IV. Physical Connections between Animal Cells

       A. Adhering Junctions

       B. Tight Junctions

       C. Gap Junctions