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Particle Detectors

 

The huge ALEPH detector used by scientists at CERN

 

 

Huge detectors larger than your house surround the particles collision point.These measure and identify the particles produced by colliding the electrons and positrons.

Detectors are comprised of many sections, each measuring different properties of the particles being accelerated through it's structure.The minute electrical disturbances created by the particles breaking up atoms as they collide with them in their headlong rush, are converted into signals and recorded.

Cross-Section of the Detector

The central section, the vertex detector, as small as a can of beans, collects information on the position of the tracks.

The second section, the drift chamber, detects the positions of charged particles at several points along the track. The curvature of the track in the magnetic field reveals the particle's momentum.

The third section, called the Cerenkov detector, measures particle velocity.

The fourth section, the liquid argon calorimeter, stops most of the particles and measures their energy. This is the first layer that records neutral particles.


The fifth section is a large magnet coil which separates the calorimeter and the outer section.


The sixth and final section the magnet iron and warm iron calorimeter is there to detect muons. Muons are sub-atomic particles weighing about 10 times less than a proton, and travel at near light speed.

 

 

Particle detectors may have Bubble Chambers, Cloud Chambers, or Electronic detectors. They may indeed incorporate a variety of types of detectors in the same machine.

Bubble Chamber - in a bubble chamber for instance, following the collision, the particles pass through liquid hydrogen (or other liquid gas heated almost to it's boiling point) at extremely high speeds, vaporising some of the liquid in their journey through the chamber, leaving a bubble trail in their wake, which is recorded by the instruments in the detector.

Cloud Chamber- The cloud chamber detector has a saturated vapor inside the chamber, but basically operates as the bubble chamber.

Spark Chamber - In a spark chamber, moving particles leave trails of sparks behind them. photographs are then used to analyse their movements.


The background on this page is a bubble chamber track, recorded by CERN

 

Prof: "Some people have proposed using Krypton gas in scintillator detectors".
Grad Student: "Won't that scare away the superstrings?"

 

 

 

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