1- G-proteins
transduce a signal from a receptor
initiate a signaling cascade
catalyze the synthesis of effector molecules
all of the above

2- Subunits of a small G-protein
alpha, beta and gamma
alpha and beta/gamma
Ras, GNEF and GAP
none of the above

3- Most often binds to an effector
alpha subunit
beta subunit
gamma subunit
beta/gamma complex

4- Needed by small G-proteins to activate their intrinsic GTPase activity
GAP
GNEF
alpha subunit
beta/gamma complex

5- Heterotrimeric G-proteins
dissociate into alpha, beta and gamma subunits when active
remain bound to effector after inactivation
when active, their receptor has low affinity
all of the above

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Answers:

1- G-proteins
Answer: initiate a signaling cascade

2- Subunits of a small G-protein
Answer: none of the above (has no subunits!)

3- Most often binds to an effector
Answer: alpha subunit

4- Needed by small G-proteins to activate their intrinsic GTPase activity
Answer: GAP

5- Heterotrimeric G-proteins
Answer: when active, their receptor has low affinity