1- Aldosterone
increases K+ absorption by principal cells
increases the activity of ATPases in proximal tubule
stimulates synthesis of new pumps and channels in principal cells
all of the above

2- Antidiuretic hormone can control urine concentrtation because of the
renin/aldosterone axis
Na+/K+2Cl- trasporter
high extracellular Na+ concentration
countercurrent mechanism in the loop of Henle

3- Are permeable to urea
cells in the ascending loop of Henle
principal cells
intercalated cells
cells in the collecting duct

4- Released by cardiat tissue in reasponse to large blood volume
renin
angiotensinogen
angiotensin converting enzyme
atrial natriuretic peptide

5- Stimulates Na+/H+ antiporters in the proximal tubule
renin
angiotensin II
atrial natriuretic peptide
aldosterone

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Answers:

1- Principal cells
Answer: secrete K+ to adjust for dietary changes

2- When osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect increased plasma osmolarity
Answer: none of the above (the hypothaalamus signals the pituitary to release ADH)

3- Increases the osmolarity of the medula
Answer: 1st and 2nd are correct (countercurrent mechanism AND urea recycling)

4- Enzyme found in lung tissue
Answer: angiotensin converting enzyme

5- Angiotensin II
Answer: all of the above (decreases GFR by vasoconstriction of arterioles AND increases water, Na+ and Cl- reabsorption by stimulating Na+/H+ antiporters AND stimulates aldosterone and ADH release)