"To study the predatory behavior of the Great White, scientists must travel
to a location where Great Whites's are known to hunt their prey. About
30
miles off the coast of San Francisco are the Farallon Islands, home to
a large elephant seal population - making this area the free meat
shop for great white's in the neighborhood and thus a hotspot of Great
White research.
A regular watch began in 1987 on Southeast Farallon Island and it has produced
a great deal of information about the Great White's predatory habits.
For example, it seems from this data that most attacks occur during the
day in late summer or early winter. Furthermore, the attacks took
place at around the same time each day, most likely due to the tide schedule.
Although the two animals look similar, they
are quite different. The most striking difference
is the design of their flippers. The seal has
highly developed hind flippers and smaller,
underdeveloped fore flippers. Sea lions are
just the opposite
.
A female northern elephant seal and
her pup resting on the shore
A pair of sea lions, a large male and a smaller female
Compare the female sea lion to the female seal at right,
noting the difference in the design of their flippers.
Going back to the observational data, some interesting differences in attack
strategies were noted based on the species of the shark's prey.
For example, in the case of the seal, the animal is often attacked just
beneath the surface by a Great White rising from below. A large elongating
blood stain at the surface indicates that the shark carries the seal underwater
for a distance before removing a bite and releasing the
carcass which then floats to the surface. When this initial attack took
place near the head of the seal, an area rich with networks of blood
vessels, death by exsanguination (loss of blood) or decapitation was the
norm. On other occasions, the Great White would disable the seal by
attacking from behind, biting the strong hind flipper. Nature is
pretty grisly stuff, huh?
With the sea lion, attacks are usually observed with the sea lion at the
surface of the water, the Great White striking brutally - even throwing
itself
out of the water with the sea lion clamped in its jaws. The sea lion, lacking
the same network of blood vessels flounders at the surface until
the shark returns for the final kill and feeding.
Prior to the study I refer to above, a prevalent theory relative to Great
White predatory behavior held that a primary attack strategy of the Great
White is to
capture and bite their prey, release them wounded but alive, and then remain
nearby until the prey animal is still, indicating death or severe
injury. The Great White would then be afforded an easy meal. This 'bite,
spit, and wait' behavior was not observed in the over 130 attacks recorded
as
part of this study. Does this mean it is not a valid hypothesis? Not at
all - 130 attacks in a single location on a limited prey selection can
hardly be called universally representative of a Great White's predatory
behavior. However, these same 130 observed events provide an excellent
glimpse at how the Great White goes after its favorite meal."http://www.greatwhite.org/frame_research.htm).