Science Process Skills

Your ability to communicate will be evaluated by answering each question in a complete sentence unless otherwise noted.  (5 pts.)
 

1.  Write three observations about the following picture: (2 pts. each)

 
 
 
 

 1.

 2.

 3.
 
 

2.  Classify the following objects by indicating three observable properties by which the items could be grouped into two different subsets.  (No complete sentences required.)
(10 pts.)
 1                      2                      3                      4                      5

Observable Property                                      Classification (yes/no)
 

a.
 

b.
 

c.

3.  Make two inferences relating to the following observation.
Observation:  You walk into a room and notice some broken glass and a puddle of water on the floor.  On a few pieces of the glass you notice some red dots.  You also see that the window is open and that it is storming outside.  (3 pts. each)

Inference #1:
 
 
 

Inference #2
 
 
 
 

4.  Make a prediction concerning the average high temperature in the 9th month using the information in the graph below:

Prediction of temperature ______________________ (1 pt.)
Explain how you are able to make this prediction:  (2 pts.)
 

Directions:  For each of the following scenarios identify:  the independent variable, the dependent variable, the constant(s), an explanation of repeated trials, the control, and write a hypothesis.  IF any of these things are missing from the description, write MISSING and explain what it SHOULD be.  (Only your hypothesis needs to be a complete sentence.)  (10 pts. each)

Scenario #1:  Chris wondered how long it took different types of seeds to germinate.  She soaked six different kinds of seeds in a cup of water for 24 hours.  Then she planted the seeds in soil at a depth of 1 cm for each of the seeds.  She used the same amount of water, light, and heat for each kind of seed.  She recorded when the time when the different seeds germinated.

(IV):

(DV):

constant(s):

repeated trials:

control:

hypothesis:
 

Scenario #2:  Cindy wanted to know if chicken eggshells became stronger when they ate extra calcium in their diets.  She collected 12 eggs from her chicken and tested the strength of the eggshells.  She then feed her chicken extra calcium for 6 weeks and then collected 12 more eggs.  After testing the strength of second set of eggshells, she found that they were stronger.

(IV):

(DV):

constant(s):

repeated trials:

control:

hypothesis:
 

The Scientific Method

Each sentence below describes a step in the scientific method.  Match each sentence with a step of the scientific method listed below.

A. Recognize the problem    D. Test the hypothesis with an experiment
B. Research the problem   E. Draw Conclusions
C. Form a hypothesis
 

_____ 1. Mike predicted that apple trees would grow more apples if fertilized in the early spring.

_____ 2. Tom’s experiment showed that bean seeds germinated faster than corn seeds in water.

_____ 3. Ethan went online to look into the effects of acid rain on trees.

_____ 4. Cindy said, “If I expose earthworms to light, then they will move away from it.”

_____ 5. Ed called the local hardware store to find out which deck stain is better for cedar wood.

_____ 6. Kim feed one tank of fish flaked food and the other fish pellet food.

_____ 7. Deb wanted to know which mouthwash killed more bacteria.

_____ 8. Joe’s data showed that geranium plants with more fertilizer had more blossoms.

_____ 9. Bren added 2 mL of vitamins to each of the guinea pigs water bowels.

_____ 10. Adam did not know why the plant was leaning towards the light.
 

Qualitative or Quantitative Observations

Each sentence below is an observation.  Fill in the blank with the correct type of observation.

A. Qualitative    B. Quantitative

_____ 1. Michele saw 3 owls, 4 crows, 5 bluebirds, and 11 finches on her walk in the woods.

_____ 2. Wayne saw that the clock was 11:15 am.

_____ 3. Jeff measured the distance he ran from his house to the bridge.

_____ 4. Carol smelled honey suckle as she worked in the garden.

_____ 5. Brian’s air gauge read 60 psi.
 

Definitions to know for Earth Systems Test
 

• Sketch the three main cycles included in our biosphere.  You should be able to label them and understand how they interact with each other and the environment.
• Sketch and label the rock cycle.
• Review how rocks and minerals are identified.
• Know the difference between mechanical and chemical weathering as well as what types of rock formations (not rock types!) they lead to.
• Understand the difference between the greenhouse effect, global warming and the ozone hole.

Earth Systems Vocab Quiz…

Reservoir            Flux                                  Water Cycle               Nitrogen Cycle
Carbon Cycle      Greenhouse Effect             Global Warming         Ozone Hole
Fossil Fuels         Mineral                             Rock                         Luster
Cleavage             Streak                               Hardness                   Sedimentary
Igneous               Metamorphic                     Rock Cycle                Intrusive
Extrusive             Chemical weathering          Mechanical weathering
Acid rain             Frost wedging
 

Definitions to know for Chemistry Test

Matter
Chemistry
Chemist
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Atom
Proton
Electron
Neutron
Nucleus
Electron Cloud
Kinetic Theory
Viscosity
Energy
Evaporate
Condensation
Sublimation
Law of Conservation of Mass
Law of Conservation of Energy
Chemical Property and Change
Physical Property and Change
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Density
Buoyancy
Watermelon Model
Planet Model
Rutherford’s model
Electron Cloud Model
Dalton’s atomic theory
 Energy Level
Orbital
Periodic Law
Period
Group (family)
 Ionization
Ion
Cation
Anion
Atomic number
 Mass number
Isotopes
Average atomic mass
Metals
Nonmetals
Semiconductors
Alkali metals
Alkaline-earth metals
Transition metals
Halogens
 Noble gases
Valence electron
Reactant
Product
Chemical energy
 Exothermic reaction
Endothermic Reaction
 
 

Midterm Review Sheet
Along with being able to define the various terms on this sheet, you should understand what they are.  Simply knowing the definition will not be enough in some cases.  Remember that you have previous quizzes and review sheets that will help you!

Scientific Method and Measurement – Define the following terms.
1. Scientific Method (know all 5 steps)
2. Metric system
3. English system
4. Volume
5. Mass
6. Weight

Science Process Skills – Define the following terms.
1. Observations – qualitative and quantitative
2. Classifying
3. Inferences
4. Predictions
5. Independent variable
6. Dependent variable
7. Constants vs controls
8. Hypothesis

Forces in Motion - Define the following terms (be sure to include the equation, if it has one, and the units it is most often measured in!!!)
1. Newton’s 1st Law                            8.  Velocity
2. Newton’s 2nd Law                           9.  Unbalanced Force
3. Newton’s 3rd Law                           10.  Balanced Force
4. Law of conservation of energy          11.  Inertia
5. Gravity                                             12.  Response time
6. Acceleration                                     13.  Friction
7. Speed

You should be able to define, write the calculation, and units for the following terms.
o Stopping distance
o Force
o Work
o Velocity
o Potential Energy (how is it related to height?)
o Kinetic energy (how is it related to mass and speed?)

You should be able to read graphs correctly.  Remember the difference between distance v. time graphs and velocity v. time graphs!  Be able to identify an object moving at a constant or changing speed or not moving at all.

You should also be able to calculate SPEED, STOPPING DSISTANCE, WORK, PE, KE, and HE.
 

Roller Coaster Quiz Review Sheet
 

• Define Work and write the calculation and units for work.
• Define potential energy and write the calculation and units for PE.
• Define kinetic energy and write the calculation and units for KE.
• In the picture below, identify which object has greater KE.  Greater PE? ( the picture would show two rollar coaster cars - one at the top of the hill, and the other at the bottom of the hill.
• How is kinetic energy related to both mass and speed?
• How is potential energy related to height?
• What is the law of conservation of energy?

***Assume that the mass of the car is 10 kg and that gravity is 10 m/s/s**

Show your work HERE!!

  PE = ?  KE=  ?
A.
 

B.
 

C.
 

D.
 

E.
 
 

• Draw an energy diagram for the table above.

• As the height of the car decreases, the PE __________________.

• As the height of the car decreases, the KE ___________________.

• As the speed of the car increases, the KE __________________.

• As the PE of the car increases, the KE of the car ________________.

• The total energy of the car must remain ________________.

Study Guide for Jaime’s Mishap with Bus #314
 

Answer the following questions with as much detail as possible.

1. What factors influence how quickly a vehicle can be brought to a stop?  Which ones can be influenced by the driver and which ones cannot?
 
 
 

2. How are speed and stopping distance related?
 
 

3. How does response time affect stopping distance?
 
 
 

4. How does road surface affect stopping distance?
 
 
 

Make sure you show your work!
 

Variables Distance traveled while responding:	D = V x T	Distance traveled while skidding	Minimum Safe Trailing Distance
Scenario # 1:  Driving at night after drinking T =  3.5 sV = 60 mph = 89 ft/sRoad Surface = dry asphalt
Scenario #2:  Icy road conditions T= 1.5 sV = 50 mph = 73 ft/sRoad surface = smooth ice
Scenario #3:  Speeding T = 1.2 sV = 75 mph = 110 ft/sRoad Surface = dry asphalt
Scenario #4:  Driving while distracted (talking on the phone) T = 2.2 sV = 50 mph = 73 ft/s Road Surface = wet road

Summarize what you now know about stopping distance to give your little brother or sister a talk before they get their license.  Write what you would tell them in the space below.
 
 
 
 

Newton’s First Law of Motion:
 
 
 

1. What is the natural tendency of all objects at rest?
 

2. In terms of forces, what condition is necessary to move an object at rest?  In motion?
 
 
 

3. What condition is necessary to change the motion of a moving object?
 
 
 
 

Newton’s Second Law of Motion:
 
 
 

1. How is the mass of an object related to the ease or difficulty of changing its motion?
 
 

2. How can you describe the motion when balanced forces are acting on an object? Unbalanced forces?
 
 
 

Newton’s Third Law of Motion:
 
 
 
 
 
 

1. When two objects interact with each other, how does the strength of the force that the first object exerts on the second compare with the force that the second object exerts on the first?
 
 
 

2. Does your answer depend on whether:  one or both objects are moving?
    The two objects have different masses?
    The objects are pushing or pulling?
 
 
 

3. What are the factors that influence the forces on the car and occupants during impact?
 
 

You also need to know: Mass, weight, inertia, and volume