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Agrawala, Maneesh. Munzner, Tamara. Zorin, Denis. "Artistic Multiprojection Rendering." Stanford University. New York University: 1-13. Web. 16 Nov 2009. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.28.4134&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
This article discusses how a viewer looks at an image. The article is of importance to "The School of Athens" because it directly discusses how Raphael had to adjust proportions of his art in order for it to be correctly viewed on the ceiling. Thus, the image when viewed from below looks proportionate. Proportion being a very important artistic aspect of the Renaissance.
Bell, Daniel Orth. "New Identifications in Raphael's School of Athens." Art Bulletin 77.4 (1995): 639-646. Web. 11 Nov 2009. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3046140.
Bell, in this work, argues that Socrates is a character in "The School of Athens". He argues this against the belief that the character is Diogenes The Cynic. Bell goes on to prove this by analyzing the characters around Socrates. Bell also uses various proofs in his arguement such as bust and other depictions of the philosopher.
Gutman, Harry B. "The Medieval Content of Raphael's "School of Athens"". Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 2, No. 4. (1941): 420-429. Web. 16 Nov 2009.
This article breaks down every group within the painting. And it even discuses each character within the groups. The author had evidence as to why he says who each character is and why they belong within the certain groups.
Joost-Gaugier, Christiane L. "Ptolemy and Strabo and Their Conversation with Appelles and Protogenes." Renaissance Quarterly 51.3 (1998): 761-787. Web. 11 Nov 2009. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2901745.
This source studies the relationship of the men in the right corner in the painting "The School Of Athens". The author goes on to identify the men, then explain their significance. From this source we've gathered quite a few identifications for the the people that are in the painting. We've also learned why Raphael put them in his work.
Marx, Daniel. Marx, Emil. Marx, Kren. "RAFFAELLO Sanzio." Web Gallery of Art. October 11, 2009. Web. 15 Nov 2009. http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/r/raphael/4stanze/1segnatu/1/athens.html.
Discusses how the painting touches bases on many aspects of classical thought. Liberal arts, Grammar, Arithmetic, Music, Geometry, Astronomy, Rhetoric and Dialectic characters and Raphael's contemporaries are all touched upon while observing the painting. Compares Raphael's painting to the Sistine Ceiling.
Most, Glenn W. "Reading Raphael: "The School of Athens" and Its Pre-Text." Critical Inquiry 23.1 (1996): 145-182. Web. 11 Nov 2009.http://www.jstor.org/stable/1344080.
Glenn Most asks himself questions that he wants to know answers to about The School of Athens painting. He searches for answers to these questions by analyzing the people that were painted and where they were placed throughout the painting. He believes that the painting was somewhat based off Plato's Protagoras. He goes unto to analyzing the architecture of the building that the philosophers are in and why it was chosen.
"Raphael, ‘The School of Athens’, Rome 1508." Vispix. 14 Nov 2009. Web. 19 Nov 2009. http://visipix.dynalias.com/sites/specials/raphael/raph_start.htm.
This site discusses some of the major people within the painting, including Aristotle and Socrates. It also focuses on Hypatia of Alexandria. This source discusses how Hypatia was almost removed from the painting and why she was placed where she is.
Reale, Giovanni. "Review:The School of Athens." Acadamia Verlag. 14 May 2009. Web. 7 Dec 2009. http://www.academia-verlag.de/titel/69377.htm.
This is a book review on "The School of Athens" by Raphael, written by Giovanni Reale. The review discuses the groups in which the characters are in within the painting "The School of Athens". Reale says that one cannot look at this painting as a whole but rather one has to study every part within the painting.
Shepherd , Gyde Vanier. "Review." Speculum 74.1 (1999): 181-182. Web. 11 Nov 2009. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2887310.
Just like many other scholarly authors Hall says that you cannot look at in isolation but it is rather a decoration in a room.
Tyler, Christopher W. "Perspective as a Geometric Tool that Launched the Renaissance." Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute.San Francisco, CA (2000): 1-8. Web. 24 Nov 2009. http://www.ski.org/CWTyler_lab/CWTyler/Art%20Investigations/ART%20PDFs/TylerPerspectBrief.pdf.
Tyler discusses perspective in the Renaissance through various works of art. One of the works discussed is Raphael's "The School of Athens". This is beneficial because it provides a look at the architecture, perspective, and design of the painting. This information leads us to new conclusions of Raphael's work, and how the painting was constructed.
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