The deck layout is that of a multipurpose vessel. It can easily assume the roles of a science vessel, a combat ship, or a diplomatic escort.
The first deck of any federation vessel is traditionally meant for the bridge, the command center for the vessel. This is also the location of the captain's ready room, which looks out forwards. The seinor staff breifing room is located to the left of the bridge module. There are also two turbolifts on the main bridge. A fact not commonly known about Voyager is that the bridge module can separate from the rest of the ship, and has its own thrusters and life support, rather like a large escape pod for the command crew.
Deck two's main feature is the mess hall, the primary eating establishment for Voyager. People come here when they're off-duty to relax, have a cup of their favorite beverage, and converse with their fellow crew members. Many celebrations have utilized the mess hall's large space, including a ping-pong tournament, baby showers, and many others. The original layout had a personal dining hall for the captain built in, however crewmember Neelix quickly, and without permission, converted it into a galley, where he whips up dishes from all over the quadrant.
Not much is known to me about deck three, except that the captain's quarters are located there. This is so the captain can quickly make her way to the bridge.
There are two known cargo bays on deck 4. Cargo bay two was converted into a Borg alcove facility in the incident involving Species 8472. The alcoves were left installed to accomedate a former borg turned crewmember, Seven of Nine, and later several borg children (not what you think!).
The fifth deck is dedicated to Voyager's then state of the art sick bay. Voyager's chief medical officer was killed when Voyager was transported to the Delta Quadrant, along with the entire medical staff. Because no one else was a qualified physician, the experimental EMH (Emergency Medical Hologram) was utilized. The main biobed area has a forcefield that was used many times to quarantine individuals from the crew populations.
Deck six houses dual holodeck rooms. These are mulipurpose facilities, however, as trying times have fallen on the crew, they have switched to be totally crew morale oriented, except in serious situations. A memorable use of the holodeck is an incident with the Hirogen. This warrior race had captured the ship, and had brainwashed the crew into believing they were part of any holodeck simulation their captors were running. This was so the Hirogen could hunt to their heart's content. The crew eventually remembered who they were, and ended the conflict.
Voyager was originally designed with a stellar cartography lab, however this was rendered obsolete when Harry Kim designed the Astrometrics lab, along with Seven of Nine. Seven was quite useful in the constructions of several new scanning methods, including temporal sensors, and increased borg scanners.
The actual computer core is several decks in length, however the main access junction is located on deck nine. The core element is composed of standard isolinear optical chips, spliced together with the less-recognized bio-neural circutry. Bio-neural computing systems are a relatively new concept in Starfleet computing technology. It incorperates genetically toned cells that organize genetic sequences at much faster speeds than isolinear chips.
The shuttlebay has been home to many a craft, and it's overall size has been disputed. In any case, it houses at least one shuttle, Neelix's cargo ship, and the Delta Flyer. The Delta Flyer is a specialty ship for the Delta Quadrant, originally designed to retrieve a probe caught deep within a gas giant. It has it's own warp core, transporter, and living quarters with a small medical bay. It's rather like a mini-runabout.
Deck eleven houses the engineering section and ultimately, the warp core. This is the primary source of power for Voyager, supplimented with duterium ore. Engineering is also a junction point for the Optical Data Network and the Jeffries tube crawlspaces.
Deck Fifteen is the lair of crewman Mortimer Harren, a seculted character whose only motivation of joining Starfleet was to apply for the Institiute of Cosmology on Orion 1. He sits in his small section, managing power transfers and rewriting the laws of physics.