DETERMINING THE YEARS OF THE SONS OF JACOB IN EGYPT
In order to determining whether the descendants of Jacob dwelled 210 years of 430 years in Egypt, let's analyze the context. So, in the words given to Abraham was promised for his seeds, counted from that seed that shall serve to that nation, and not before:
Future time: Thy seed
shall be, they shall afflict, they shall comeGenesis 15:12 And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, lo, an horror of great darkness fell upon him. 13: And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety thatthy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; 14: And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance. 15: And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried in a good old age. 16: But in the fourth generation they shall come hither again: for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full.
The earliest testimonies agrees that the sons of Jacob Israel dwelled 430 years in Egypt (Abraham, Isaac or Jacob were NOT sons of Israel):
Antiquities, 2,9, 1 (Old Hebraic). Now it happened that the Egyptians grew delicate and lazy, as to pains-taking, and gave themselves up to other pleasures, and in particular to the love of gain. They also became very ill-affected towards the Hebrews, as touched with envy at their prosperity; for when they saw how the nation of the Israelites flourished, and were become eminent already in plenty of wealth, which they had acquired by their virtue and natural love of labor, they thought their increase was to their own detriment. And having, in length of time, forgotten the benefits they had received from Joseph, particularly the crown being now come into another family, they became very abusive to the Israelites, and contrived many ways of afflicting them; for they enjoined them to cut a great number of channels for the river, and to build walls for their cities and ramparts, that they might restrain the river, and hinder its waters from stagnating, upon its running over its own banks: they set them also to build pyramids, (17) and by all this wore them out; and forced them to learn all sorts of mechanical arts, and to accustom themselves to hard labor. And four hundred years did they spend under these afflictions; for they strove one against the other which should get the mastery, the Egyptians desiring to destroy the Israelites by these labors, and the Israelites desiring to hold out to the end under them.
Septuagint 12:40And the sojourning of the children of Israel, while they sojourned in the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan, was four hundred and thirty years.
Acts of the Apostle 7:6And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years.
New Hebraic 12:40Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.
In the days of Josephus the evil scribes had corrupted this teaching:
Antiquities 2,15,2. They left Egypt in the month Xanthicus, on the fifteenth day of the lunar month; four hundred and thirty years after our forefather Abraham came into Canaan, but two hundred and fifteen years only after Jacob removed into Egypt.
But besides the words "children of Israel", the context help us to confirm that words. When Joseph was brought to Pharaoh had 30 years:
Genesis 41:46 And Joseph wasthirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt.
Jacob came into Egypt at the beginning of the third year of the famine, or the end of the first two:
45:6 For thesetwo years hath the famine been in the land: and yet there are five years, in the which there shall neither be earing nor harvest.
47:7 And Joseph brought in Jacob his father, and set him before Pharaoh: and Jacob blessed Pharaoh. And Pharaoh said unto Jacob, How old art thou?. And Jacob said unto Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimageare an hundred and thirty years: few and evil have the days of the years of my life been, and have not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage.
So, from the moment when Joseph was brought before Pharaoh to this moment when Jacob was brought before Pharaoh passed about eight to nine years:
7 years of abundance
2 years of famine
1~2 year of building the storehouses
Jacob was 130 years old when Joseph was around 40 years old; which means that Jacob begot Joseph being around 90 years old. According to the account given, Reuben was not more than 6 years older than Joseph.
Jacob died seventeen years after he entered Egypt. Joseph was around 57 years old and Ruben around 63 years old. Joseph died around 53 years later. Benjamin and
all his brother also died, and all that generation (of those who entered Egypt with Jacob, his grandsons):Exodus 1:5 And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls: for Joseph was in Egypt already. And Joseph died, and all his brethren,and all that generation.
"All that generation", the "Cananian" seeds, of nephews surely died around 100 years after they entered Egypt. It is after they died that their "Egyptian" seeds started to be multiplied, as it is said:
7: And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them.
The first 100 years had gone already, in which the population couldn't grow from 72 souls to thousands; neither could grow to 600.000 men of war in the next coming 110 years, but they could in the next 330 years, as it is stated:
1: And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tabernacle of the congregation, on the first day of the second month,in the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying, Take ye the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, after their families, by the house of their fathers, with the number of their names, every male by their polls; From twenty years old and upward, all that are able to go forth to war in Israel: thou and Aaron shall number them by their armies. And with you there shall be a man of every tribe; every one head of the house of his fathers.
Numbers 1:21Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Reuben, were forty and six thousand and five hundred. 49: Only thou shalt not number the tribe of Levi, neither take the sum of them among the children of Israel: 23: Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Simeon, were fifty and nine thousand and three hundred. 25: Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Gad, were forty and five thousand six hundred and fifty. 27: Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Judah, were threescore and fourteen thousand and six hundred. 29: Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Issachar, were fifty and four thousand and four hundred. 31: Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Zebulun, were fifty and seven thousand and four hundred. 33: Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Ephraim, were forty thousand and five hundred. 35: Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Manasseh, were thirty and two thousand and two hundred. 37: Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Benjamin, were thirty and five thousand and four hundred. 39: Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Dan, were threescore and two thousand and seven hundred. 41: Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Asher, were forty and one thousand and five hundred. 43: Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Naphtali, were fifty and three thousand and four hundred.
|
Ruben |
Simeon |
Gad |
Judah |
Isacar |
Zebulum |
Ephraim |
Manaseh |
Benjamin |
Dan |
Asher |
Naphtali |
|
46.500 |
59.300 |
45.650 |
74.600 |
54.400 |
57.400 |
40.500 |
32.200 |
35.400 |
62.700 |
41.500 |
53.400 |
46: Even all they that were numbered were six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty.
The input to this build up this population was:
Genesis 46:8 And these are the names of the children of Israel, which came into Egypt, Jacob and his sons: Reuben, Jacob's firstborn.
9: And the sons of Reuben; Hanoch, and Phallu, and Hezron, and Carmi.
10: And the sons of Simeon; Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman.
11: And the sons ofLevi; Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
12: And the sons of Judah; Er, and Onan, and Shelah, and Pharez, and Zerah: but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. And the sons of Pharez were Hezron and Hamul.
13: And the sons of Issachar; Tola, and Phuvah, and Job, and Shimron.
14: And the sons of Zebulun; Sered, and Elon, and Jahleel.
15: These be the sons of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob in Padan-aram, with his daughter Dinah: all the souls of his sons and his daughters were thirty and three.
16: And the sons of Gad; Ziphion, and Haggi, Shuni, and Ezbon, Eri, and Arodi, and Areli.
17: And the sons of Asher; Jimnah, and Ishuah, and Isui, and Beriah, and Serah their sister: and the sons of Beriah; Heber, and Malchiel.
18: These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter, and these she bare unto Jacob, even sixteen souls.
19: The sons of Rachel Jacob's wife; Joseph, and Benjamin.
20: And unto Joseph in the land of Egypt were born Manasseh and Ephraim, which Asenath the daughter of Poti-pherah priest of On bare unto him.
21: And the sons of Benjamin were Belah, and Becher, and Ashbel, Gera, and Naaman, Ehi, and Rosh, Muppim, and Huppim, and Ard.
22: These are the sons of Rachel, which were born to Jacob: all the souls were fourteen.
23: And the sons of Dan; Hushim.
24: And the sons of Naphtali; Jahzeel, and Guni, and Jezer, and Shillem.
25: These are the sons of Bilhah, which Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter, and she bare these unto Jacob: all the souls were seven.
26: All the souls that came with Jacob into Egypt, which came out of his loins, besides Jacob's sons' wives, all the souls were threescore and six;
27: And the sons of Joseph, which were born him in Egypt, were two souls: all the souls of the house of Jacob, which came into Egypt, were threescore and ten.
|
5 |
7 |
8 |
7 |
5 |
4 |
Joseph |
Levi-4 |
11 |
2 |
9 |
5 |
|
Ruben |
Simeon |
Gad |
Judah |
Isacar |
Zebulum |
Ephraim |
Manaseh |
Benjamin |
Dan |
Asher |
Naphtali |
|
46.500 |
59.300 |
45.650 |
74.600 |
54.400 |
57.400 |
40.500 |
32.200 |
35.400 |
62.700 |
41.500 |
53.400 |
According to the supplied data, the nephew Kohath came with Jacob, so the fourth generation must be taken after him, but the account doesn't match:
|
Exodus 6:16: And these are the names of the sons of Levi according to their generations; Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari: and the years of the life of Levi were an Hundred thirty and seven years. 18: And the sons of Kohath; Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel: and the years of the life of Kohath were an hundred thirty and three years. 20: And Amram took him Jochebed his father's sister to wife; and she bare him Aaron and Moses: and the years of the life of Amram were an hundred and thirty and seven years. |
||||
|
1-Kohath |
2-Amram |
3-Moses |
||
|
133 |
137 |
80 |
||
Since God supplies to us data that make real sense, for instance the birth's date to determine the line of time; this supplied numbers have not real meaning, but for guessing only, which is opposite to the teaching of God. A clear job of the evil scribes. If they suppressed Cainan from the genealogy of Sem, they had no problem in cutting the genealogy of Kohath and the real dates, according to their plan.
The Egyptian historian Manetho, wrote that the Captive Shepherds dwelled 511 years in Egypt:
|
Against Apion 1, 14. I shall begin with the writings of the Egyptians; not indeed of those that have written in the Egyptian language, which it is impossible for me to do. But Manetho was a man who was by birth an Egyptian, yet had he made himself master of the Greek learning, as is very evident; for he wrote the history of his own country in the Greek tongue, by translating it, as he saith himself, out of their sacred records; he also finds great fault with Herodotus for his ignorance and false relations of Egyptian affairs. I shall begin with the writings of the Egyptians; not indeed of those that have written in the Egyptian language, which it is impossible for me to do. But Manetho was a man who was by birth an Egyptian, yet had he made himself master of the Greek learning, as is very evident; for he wrote the history of his own country in the Greek tongue, by translating it, as he saith himself, out of their sacred records; he also finds great fault with Herodotus for his ignorance and false relations of Egyptian affairs. Now this Manetho, in the second book of his Egyptian History, writes concerning us in the following manner. I will set down his very words, as if I were to bring the very man himself into a court for a witness: "There was a king of ours whose name was Timaus. Under him it came to pass, I know not how, that God was averse to us, and there came, after a surprising manner, men of ignoble birth out of the eastern parts, and had boldness enough to make an expedition into our country, and with ease subdued it by force, yet without our hazarding a battle with them. So when they had gotten those that governed us under their power, they afterwards burnt down our cities, and demolished the temples of the gods, and used all the inhabitants after a most barbarous manner; nay, some they slew, and led their children and their wives into slavery. At length they made one of themselves king, whose name was Salatis; he also lived at Memphis, and made both the upper and lower regions pay tribute, and left garrisons in places that were the most proper for them. He chiefly aimed to secure the eastern parts, as foreseeing that the Assyrians, who had then the greatest power, would be desirous of that kingdom, and invade them; and as he found in the Saite Nomos, [Sethroite,] a city very proper for this purpose, and which lay upon the Bubastic channel, but with regard to a certain theologic notion was called Avaris, this he rebuilt, and made very strong by the walls he built about it, and by a most numerous garrison of two hundred and forty thousand armed men whom he put into it to keep it. Thither Salatis came in summer time, partly to gather his corn, and pay his soldiers their wages, and partly to exercise his armed men, and thereby to terrify foreigners. When this man had reigned thirteen years, after him reigned another, whose name was Beon, for fortyfour years; after him reigned another, called Apachnas, thirty six years and seven months; after him Apophis reigned sixty one years, and then Janins fifty years and one month; after all these reigned Assis forty nine years and two months. And these six were the first rulers among them, who were all along making war with the Egyptians, and were very desirous gradually to destroy them to the very roots. This whole nation was styled Hycsos, that is, Shepherd kings: for the first syllable Hyc, according to the sacred dialect, denotes a king, as is Sos a shepherd; but this according to the ordinary dialect; and of these is compounded Hycsos: but some say that these people were Arabians." Now in another copy it is said that this word does not denote Kings, but, on the contrary, denotes Captive Shepherds, and this on account of the particle Hyc; for that Hyc, with the aspiration, in the Egyptian tongue again denotes Shepherds, and that expressly also; and this to me seems the more probable opinion, and more agreeable to ancient history. [But Manetho goes on]: "These people, whom we have before named kings, and called shepherds also, and their descendants," as he says, "kept possession of Egypt five hundred and eleven years." After these, he says, "That the kings of Thebais and the other parts of Egypt made an insurrection against the shepherds, and that there a terrible and long war was made between them." He says further, "That under a king, whose name was Alisphragmuthosis, the shepherds were subdued by him, and were indeed driven out of other parts of Egypt, but were shut up in a place that contained ten thousand acres; this place was named Avaris." Manetho says, "That the shepherds built a wall round all this place, which was a large and a strong wall, and this in order to keep all their possessions and their prey within a place of strength, but that Thummosis the son of Alisphragmuthosis made an attempt to take them by force and by siege, with four hundred and eighty thousand men to lie rotund about them, but that, upon his despair of taking the place by that siege, they came to a composition with them, that they should leave Egypt, and go, without any harm to be done to them, whithersoever they would; and that, after this composition was made, they went away with their whole families and effects, not fewer in number than two hundred and forty thousand, and took their journey from Egypt, through the wilderness, for Syria; but that as they were in fear of the Assyrians, who had then the dominion over Asia, they built a city in that country which is now called Judea, and that large enough to contain this great number of men, and called it Jerusalem. Now Manetho, in another book of his, says, "That this nation, thus called Shepherds, were also called Captives, in their sacred books." And this account of his is the truth; for feeding of sheep was the employment of our forefathers in the most ancient ages and as they led such a wandering life in feeding sheep, they were called Shepherds. Nor was it without reason that they were called Captives by the Egyptians, since one of our ancestors, Joseph, told the king of Egypt that he was a captive, and afterward sent for his brethren into Egypt by the king's permission. But as for these matters, I shall make a more exact inquiry about them elsewhere. |
THE YEARS OF JOSHUA
After Moses, Joshua conducted the Israelites for a time, before the coming of the judges. Josephus says that he judged them during 25 years, which it close to the related data:
Exodus 33:11And the LORD spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend. And he turned again into the camp: but his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, departed not out of the tabernacle.
Joshua 14,6. Then the children of Judah came unto Joshua in Gilgal: and Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenezite said unto him, Thou knowest the thing that the LORD said unto Moses the man of God concerning me and thee in Kadesh-barnea.
7:Forty years old was I when Moses the servant of the LORD sent me from Kadesh-barnea to espy out the land; and I brought him word again as it was in mine heart.
10: And now, behold, the LORD hath kept me alive, as he said,these forty and five years, even since the LORD spake this word unto Moses, while the children of Israel wandered in the wilderness: and now, lo, I am this day fourscore and five years old.
Antiquities of the Jews 6,1,29. So Joshua, when he had thus discoursed to them, died, having lived a hundred and ten years; forty of which he lived with Moses, in order to learn what might be for his advantage afterwards. He also became their commander after his death for twenty-five years.
Some old writers say that Joshua judged the 10 tribes 32 year
Theophilus wrote to Autolychus. He spelled out the details that from Joshua's death, after judging Israel for32 years, to David's death was 498 years [(450 - 32) + 40 + 40], (see 'Theophilus to Autolycus' in 'The Ante-Nicene Fathers', Book III, Chapt. 23-30, A. Roberts and J. Donaldson, eds, Eerdmans Pub. Co
DETERMINIG THE YEARS OF THE JUDGES
The New Hebraic, the New Septuagint and the Josephus' Old Hebraic agree with years of the Judges
|
Otoniel |
3:8 Therefore the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of Chushanrishathaim king of Mesopotamia: and the children of Israel served Chushanrishathaim eight years.3:11 And the land had rest forty years. And Othniel the son of Kenaz died. |
48 |
48 |
|
Aod |
3:14 So the children of Israel served Eglon the king of Moab eighteen years.3:30 So Moab was subdued that day under the hand of Israel. And the land had rest fourscore years. |
98 |
146 |
|
Samgar |
Antiquities of the Jews 6,4,3 .After him Shamgat, the son of Anath, was elected for their governor, but died in the first year of his government |
||
|
Barak |
4:3 And the children of Israel cried unto the LORD: for he had nine hundred chariots of iron; and twenty years he mightily oppressed the children of Israel.5:31 So let all thine enemies perish, O LORD: but let them that love him be as the sun when he goeth forth in his might. And the land had rest forty years. |
60 |
206 |
|
Gedeon |
6:1 And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD: and the LORD delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years.8: 28 Thus was Midian subdued before the children of Israel, so that they lifted up their heads no more. And the country was in quietness forty years in the days of Gideon. |
47 |
253 |
|
Abimlek |
9: 22 When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel, |
3 |
256 |
|
Tola |
10: 2 And he judged Israel twenty and three years, and died, and was buried in Shamir. |
23 |
279 |
|
Jair |
10:3 And after him arose Jair, a Gileadite, and judged Israel twenty and two years. |
22 |
301 |
|
Jefte |
10: 8 And that year they vexed and oppressed the children of Israel: eighteen years, all the children of Israel that were on the other side Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead.12:7 And Jephthah judged Israel six years. Then died Jephthah the Gileadite, and was buried in one of the cities of Gilead. |
24 |
325 |
|
Ibzam |
12:9 And he had thirty sons, and thirty daughters, whom he sent abroad, and took in thirty daughters from abroad for his sons. And he judged Israel seven years. |
7 |
332 |
|
Elom |
12:11 And after him Elon, a Zebulonite, judged Israel; and he judged Israel ten years. |
10 |
342 |
|
Abdon |
12:14 And he had forty sons and thirty nephews, that rode on threescore and ten ass colts: and he judged Israel eight years. |
8 |
350 |
|
Samson |
13:1And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD delivered them into the hand of the Philistines forty years.16:31 Then his brethren and all the house of his father came down, and took him, and brought him up, and buried him between Zorah and Eshtaol in the burying place of Manoah his father. And he judged Israel twenty years. |
60 |
410 |
|
Samuel |
Antiquities of the Jews 6,10,5 . About this time Samuel the prophet died. He was a man whom the Hebrews honored in an extraordinary degree: for that lamentation which the people made for him, and this during a long time, manifested his virtue, and the affection which the people bore for him; as also did the solemnity and concern that appeared about his funeral, and about the complete observation of all his funeral rites. They buried him in his own city of Ramah; and wept for him a very great number of days, not looking on it as a sorrow for the death of another man, but as that in which they were every one themselves concerned. He was a righteous man, and gentle in his nature; and on that account he was very dear to God. Now he governed and presided over the people alone, after the death of Eli the high priest, twelve years, and eighteen years together with Saul the king. And thus we have finished the history of Samuel. |
30 |
440 |
The Josephus 440 years are close to the 450 years given by the Christian apostle Paul:
|
Moses |
Acts 13:17 The God of this people of Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with an high arm brought he them out of it.18 And about the time of forty years suffered he their manners in the wilderness. |
40 |
|
|
Joshua |
19 And when he had destroyed seven nations in the land of Chanaan, he divided their land to them by lot. [here I took the years supplied by Theophilus] |
32 |
72 |
|
Judges |
20 And after that he gave unto them judges about the space of four hundred and fifty years, until Samuel the prophet. |
450 |
522 |
|
Saul |
21 And afterward they desired a king: and God gave unto them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the space of forty years. |
40 |
562 |
(This
afterward means: after the 450 of the judges)