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Genealogical Information about the Brown and Related (Gibson, Raines, Tompkins, Mann, Hogan) Families of Blythewood/Doko (Richland/Fairfield, Co.), S.C.

Partial Index

Introduction   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 3
Joseph Brown (1774-1850s) and Margaret Tompkins    .   .   5
Alexander "Alec" or "Alex" Russell Brown (1815-1870+)
          and Elizabeth Raines or Rains (1815-1870+)   .   7
     Charts Listing the Children of Joseph and Margaret
          Brown, of Anthony and Nancy Rains, and of
          Alexander R. and Elizabeth Brown .   .   .   .   9.1
     Maps of Fairfield County, S.C. in 1876 and 1908
          showing the Location of some of the Browns   .   9.5
John William "Billy" Brown (1836-1917) and Lavinia
          Keturah "Kitty" Gibson (1844-1925)   .   .   . 10
          Humphrey Gibson (b. 1810) and Elizabeth
               Mann (b. 1813) .   .   .   .   .   .   . 10
     Charts Listing the Children of Billy Brown (d. 1917)
          and Kitty Brown and of Humphrey and Elizabeth
          Gibson Brown .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 16.1
     Copy of Documents from Billy Brown's Civil War
          Service Record   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 16.3
     Pictures of Billy and Kitty Brown and Descendants . 16.4
          Humphrey Alexander Brown (b. 1860)   .   .   . 17
          Elizabeth "Lizzie" Jane Brown Hogan (1864-1935) 17
               Letter of Lizzie Brown Hogan's husband,
               a Diagram of her House in Sumter,S.C.,
               and a copy of part of the Civil Service
               Record of W. C. Boyle   .   .   .   .   . 24.1
          James Franklin Brown (1866-1927) .   .   .   . 25
               Michael "Mike" Brown (b. 1896) .   .   . 25
          Joseph "Joe" Nathanael Brown (b. 1868) and
               Kitty Bruce Hogan (1873-1941)   .   .   . 26
          Cardine Lenora Brown Langford (1877-1957).   . 28
          Emma Fostina Brown Langford (1879-1930) .   . 29
          Samuel Brooks Brown (1882-1930) .   .   .   . 30
Anthony S. Brown (1840-1893) and Emma Ardella Boyle
               (1858-1890) .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 33
          Kate Beatrice Brown (b. 1880) and Alstan Burne
               Boyle (b. 1873) .   .   .   .   .   .   . 33
     Chart Listing the Children of Anthony and Emma
          Ardella Brown.   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 33.1
Jemima E. Brown (b. 1849) and Daniel H. Brown (b. 1850)   34
          John A. Brown (b. 1871) and Kitty Ewing .   . 34
          Mary Elizabeth Brown Axson   .   .   .   .   . 34
          James Milton Brown (b. 1881) and Ethel
               Livingston (b. 1882).   .   .   .   .   . 34
          Daniel James (Jemima?) Brown (b. 1883) and
               Jessie Wolfe.   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 35
     Chart Listing the Children of Jemima and Daniel
          Brown.   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 36.1
James Alexander Brown (1854-1917) and Julia Elizabeth
          Rimer (1861-1926).   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 37
          Samuel Elbege Brown (1879-1952) .   .   .   . 37
          Franklin William Brown (1883-1961)   .   .   . 38
     Chart Listing the Children of James Alexander and
          Julia Brown .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 39.1
Appendix 1: Descendants of Eugene B. Hogan and
          Elizabeth Jane Lizzie (Brown) Hogan .   .   . 40
          Chart Listing the Children of Lizzie (Brown)
               and Eugene Hogan.   .   .   .   .   .   . 40.1
               Claude Byron Hogan (1888-1923) .   .   . 47
               Map of Sumter (1890s-1950s), Diagram of
                    Claude Hogan's Dairy Farm, Card
                    Received on Birth of Claude's First
                    Child, Pictures of Claude's children 62.1
               Lillian "Lillie" Esther Hogan (1889-1979) 63
               John "Joe Tom" Thomas Hogan (1891-1929) . 65
               Certificate from President Herbert Hoover
                    to the Husband of Lillie Hogan Tucker
                    and Newspaper Article about Margarite
                    Hogan Beckwith, wife of Abraham
                    Lincoln's Great Grandson   .   .   . 67.1
Appendix 2: The Service Record of Peter Brown (1835-
          1864) and Anthony Brown (1840-1893) during
          the Civil War.   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 68
     Maps and Charts Covering the Civil War Battles.   . 77
     Articles by John Bratton and Edward McCrady about
          Civil War Battles in which the Browns fought . 79
Appendix 3: Maps of Fairfield/Richland Counties, S.C. . 83

Introduction

This information was written up in December, 1991. The information is based on a not very complete search of the federal census records, on the Civil War Confederate military service records, and on material supplied between 1969 and 1972 by the following relatives and friends listed in alphabetical order: Hilda Ashworth; Mrs. Nell Bannerman; Mrs. Margarite Hogan Fristoe Beckwith; Mrs. Barnes Alstan Boyle; Emma Ardella "Scrip" Boyle; Daniel J. Brown; Mrs. Doris Flynn Brown; Frances U. Brown; Miss Jemima Sarah Brown; Joe Belton Brown; Mrs. Magdalene Brown; Mrs. Mary Tidwell Brown; Nat Brown; Mr. Verdell Brown; Caroline Dangler; Mrs. Carl Gibson; Miss Leonorah Gordon; Mrs. William Robert (Mamie Brown) Hagan; Mrs. Alvina Brown Hagood; Adjer Hogan; Mrs. James D. (Katherine) Horlacher; Rosie Hogan Horney; Mrs. Barbara W. (Hogan) Martin; Hannah Langford Outen; Mrs. Eugenia (Hogan) Patakis; Hazel Hogan Terrar; Mrs. Charles (Mary Brown) Tinsley; Elise Tucker; and Lillie Hogan Tucker.

I am sorry to have not gotten to a Brown family reunion since 1972 and am not up to date with how the history that was being put together then is coming along. Assuming the family history is still being worked on, these notes are a contribution to it. Desktop publishing using a personal computer makes it easy and inexpensive to do the history in booklet form. I will send a computer disk copy of these notes to anyone interested in having a copy or I will work on making a booklet history, in case none has been done and there is interest for one.

These notes have more material dealing with the Brown relatives that are closer to my line, as they are the ones that I am able to keep up with. If this history were to develop into a booklet, I would be glad to and want to broaden it out with material from all the Brown relatives that would let me know what to add. The project could be improved if xerox copies of old letters, pictures, newspapers clippings, or stories could be sent me for inclusion.

If someone has not already done it, I hope eventually to look at the records at the courthouses for Fairfield and Richland counties in Winnsboro and Columbia, S.C. and likewise, the nineteenth-century Fairfield and Richland county newspapers. The S.C. state archives index of Confederate soldiers and the records of the old Camden district, from which 7 counties including Richland and Fairfield were created, also might give material that would fill in the history.

I have been hoping to do the research mentioned above for quite a while now; if someone nearer the sources in South Carolina were to undertake the task, it might get done sooner. Perhaps one of the Brown relatives in school could do it in connection with a class assignment.

I wrote up the data I have at hand. There are no doubt misspelled names and incorrect dates and places. Corrections, additions, and discussions of these notes can be sent to Toby Terrar, 15405 Short Ridge Ct., Silver Spring, Md. 20906 (telephone 301-598-5427). A main reason for typing up what I have so far is to get more input and corrections.

Joseph Brown (1774-1850s) and Margaret Tompkins

Joseph Brown (1774-1850s) was the name of our first Brown ancestor who lived in Blythewood. He came in the first part of the nineteenth century. At that time and until 1880 Blythewood was called Doko. Doko/Blythewood was part of Fairfield County until 1913 when it became part of Richland County. In the 1850 federal census, Joseph was 76 years old, blind, and living with his son, Alexander R. Brown.^[1] The census listed him as having been born in Virginia. If the census record is accurate, then Jospeh was part of the second wave of migration to South Carolina, which Edward McCrady describes in the following passage:

The State of South Carolina was peopled by two distinct tides immigration. The Englishmen and the Huguenots had come into the province by the sea, and had pushed their way into the interior, following the courses of the rivers, but their settlements didnot extend beyond the points we now know as Camden, Columbia and Hamburg. The upper country, which lay beyond the Sandy Ridge, once described as the desert and which we now call the Piedmont section, was settled later by a different class of people.

It was eighty years after the first settlement on the coast that parties of Scotch-Irish from Pennsylvania and Virginia began to come down to this province--a movement which was greatly accelerated by the defeat of Braddock in 1775, which left the frontiers of those states exposed to the incursions of the Indians.

These new immigrants were a peculiar and remarkable people. They were brave, energetic, industrious and religious. They were frontiersmen who carried the rifle, the axe and the Bible together. They were a people who, while clearing the forests and defending themselves from massacre, found time to teach their children. The meeting-house and the school house, rough structures it is true, were built together. . . They did not dispute that the liberties of the subject might consist with royal authority, but the religious creed of these immigrants was made part of their politics, and they held that no law of human government ought to be tolerated in opposition to the expressed will of God. They claimed the right to choose those who should frame their laws, contending that rulers as well as the meanest subjects were bound by law. These principles, brought with them to America and modified by experience, were the republican principles of the Scotch-Irish who settled this section of the State.^[2]

Despite the census record that states that he was born in Virginia, there is a family tradition that Joseph came from England and settled in Virginia before moving on to South Carolina.^[3] According to this tradition, Joseph had two brothers who came with him to Virginia: Dr. Daniel Brown and William (Bill) Brown. Daniel is said to also have moved to South Carolina and Bill to North Carolina.

Joseph Brown's wife was named Margaret Tompkins according to the above tradition. Margaret does not appear with Joseph in the 1850 census. She may have died by then. It is unknown where Margaret and Joseph met and married, but they had a child about 1815 in Richland County.^[4] The child was Alexander "Alec" (or "Alex") Russell Brown.^[5] They also had at least two other children, one of whom was possibly named Frank Brown. One tradition is that Alec and Frank had land grants from the king in several parts of South Carolina. In particular, Alec is said to have had land around Columbia, S.C., Doko/Blythewood, Richland County, and Fairfield County.^[6] However, the English crown no longer had jurisdiction in South Carolina by Alec's lifetime nor for the most part in the lifetime of his father, Joseph.^[7] Perhaps the brothers obtained land from someone else who had had a grant from the crown. Or the tradition may refer to the father of Joseph Brown.

Alexander "Alec" Russell Brown (1815-1870+) and Elizabeth Raines (1815-1870+)

As mentioned above, one of Joseph's sons was Alexander Russell Brown. Alec married Elizabeth Raines about 1833. Alec and Elizabeth were both about 18 years old. They farmed, raised their family, and lived out their lives in Doko/Blythewood. Elizabeth had been born in Fairfield County, S.C. about 1815.^[8] Her parents were Nancy (b. 1787) and Anthony Raines (1774-1854).^[9] Both Nancy and Anthony Raines were born in Virginia and had moved to Fairfield Co., S.C. sometime before 1815. Both the 1840 and 1850 census spelled their last name as "Rains," not "Raines."^[10] They lived close to Alec and Elizabeth Brown, as they are listed on the same page in the 1840 census. In that census, there were 5 members in the Anthony Rains household. Nearby was the household of I. Rains, which had 9 members. Perhaps this was Elizabeth Raines Brown's brother and his family. According to the 1850 federal census Anthony Raines was making his living as a "planter" in Fairfield Co.

The 1850 census listed Alec as aged 35 and also a "planter." His wealth was put at $540. In the 1870 census he was 65 and listed as a farmer.^[11] His real estate was worth $500 and his personal property was valued at $150. His oldest sons and daughters then living at home were listed as farm laborers. The younger children were listed as still at school. Alec and Elizabeth had at least 16 children between 1634 and the 1660s. All the children were born in Doko/Blythewood.^[12]

The children of Alexander R. Brown (1815-1870s+) and Elizabeth R. Rains Brown were were:

1. Lenora Brown (b. 1834). She married a man named Brown, whose first name was perhaps James or Tom. She died in Arkansas. According to the 1860 census, there was a Lenora Brown, age 25, which would be the correct age for the daughter of Alec and Elizabeth Brown. She was the wife of Thomas Brown (age 29). They were living in Fairfield county.^[13] Thomas Brown was listed as a carpenter. They had one child, a son named Jameson. Nearby lived Thomas Brown, Sr., who was also a carpenter. Perhaps the Lenora in the 1860 census was Alec and Elizabeth Brown's daughter.

2. Peter Brown (1835-1864). In the 1860 census Peter, age 24, was working as an overseer and living with the family of James M. Connell (age 50), a millwright. In the same house was also Charlotte Connell (age 51), and the Connell children, Joel (age 16) and Steven (age 13).^[14] Peter was listed as owning $100 worth of personal property. See Appendix 2 for a description of his service during the Civil War and the battles in which he fought. He was killed in the war and it is said he was buried in South Carolina.

3. John William "BillY" Brown (1836-1917). He married Lavinia Keturah "Kitty" Gibson. He and his family will be discussed below.

4. Elizabeth Brown (b. 1837).

5. Anthony S. Brown (1840-1893). He married Emma Ardella Boyle and later Elizabeth Simms. He and his family will be discussed below.

6. John L. Brown (b. 1843). He died in infancy.^[15]

7. Margaret Brown (b. 1845).

8. Francis "Frank" Elmo Brown (November 26, 1846-September 24, 1913). He married DeLaney Muse and is buried at Oak Grove.

9. Jemima E. Brown (b. 1849). She married Daniel H. Brown. She and her family will be discussed below.

10. Charlotte Brown (b. 1851). She married William Axon. She is buried at the Zion Methodist churchyard in Blythewood.

11. Sarah "Sally" Brown (b. 1852). She married Samuel Lauhon by whom she had at least one child, Mattie Lauhon. Later Sarah married Henry Stuart.^[16]

12. James Alexander Brown (1854-1917). He married Julia Rimer. He and his family will be discussed below.

13. Emma Brown (b. 1858). She married Ben Rhoden. Toward the end of her life she lived with her older sister's (Jemina) granddaughter, Bessie Lee Gramling in Orangeburg, S.C. Emma is buried at Wagner, S.C.

14. Harriet Brown (b. 1860). She married Andrew Goza and lived in Denmark, S.C. She is buried at Wagner S.C.

15. Abigail "Abbie" Brown. She married John Neeley.

16. Mary Brown.

John William "Billy" Brown (1836-1917) and Lavinia Keturah "Kitty" Gibson (1844-1925)^[17]

John William "Billy" Brown (July 1, 1836-December 15, 1917) was the third child of Alec Brown (b. 1815) discussed above. On December 15, 1859 he married Lavinia Keturah "Kitty" Gibson (January 12, 1844-July 20, 1925). Kitty was also born and grew up in Doko/Blythewood. She was the daughter of Humphrey Gibson (b. 1810) and Elizabeth (Mann) Gibson (b. 1813).^[18] Both Humphrey and Elizabeth were born in Fairfield Co., S.C.

Elizabeth (Mann) Gibson's parents are said to have been from Holland. However, Miss Leonorah Gordon stated that it was the Gibsons, not the Manns, who had Dutch ancestry.^[19] Humphrey is said to have been a professor at Furman University. However, Anne Stoddart, special collections librarian at Furman, in a letter (April 13, 1972), stated there is no record in the former faculty file of Humphrey having taught at Furman. Ms. Stoddart suggested that Humphrey may have been his middle name and that any record of him would be under his first name. Or the tradition about him teaching there may not be accurate. The federal census of Fairfield Co., S.C. for 1850 listed Humphrey as a teacher with real property (real estate and slaves?) valued at $740.^[20] The 1860 census listed Humphrey as living in Fairfield Co., S.C. and owning 9 slaves.^[21] Elizabeth Gibson had probably died by 1860, as Humphrey, age 50, had married a woman named Martha Jane (b. 1822).^[22] Both Humphrey and Martha Jane were still alive in the 1880 census.^[23] Miss Leonorah Gordon stated that Humphrey was married at least three times. According to Miss Gordon, Humphrey's father was named Miner or Minor Gibson, but the only will of such a man in Fairfield Co. does not list a Humphrey.^[24] Humphrey and Elizabeth had 6 children in addition to Kitty. All were born in Fairfield Co., S.C.:

1. Margaret Gibson (b. 1835).

2. William Gibson (b. 1837). In the 1850 census he was
13 years old and attending school.

                        3. Lenora (Nora) Gibson (b. 1841). In the 1850 census
                           she was 9 years old and attending school. She
                           married Robert Jennings. He was the South Carolina
                           state treasurer at one point. They lived at
                           Winnsboro, S.C.

                        4. Green W. Gibson (b. 1845). In the 1850 census he was
                           5 years old. He married a woman named Jesse, who was
                           born in 1852 in South Carolina.^[25] He was listed as a
                           farmer and Jesse was listed as keeping house in the
                           1870 census. According to the census his "right to
                           vote was denied or abridged on other grounds than
                           rebellion or other crimes."

5. Barbara F. Gibson (b. 1849).

6. Elizabeth Gibson.^[26] She married a man named Hornesby
and died about 1971 at the age of 104.

In the 1860 census, William Brown (age 23) was listed as having property worth $500 and living in the same house with Humphrey Gibson (age 50) and M. Jane Gibson (age 38). Also in the house was May L (age 16). This was probably Billy's wife, Lavinia Keturah "Kitty." The "May" was not legible and may be some other name.^[27]

According to Lillie Tucker, Billy Brown served as a Confederate soldier at the time of the Civil War (1861-1865).^[28] Billy's service record listed J. William Brown, age 24, as enlisting at Winnsboro on November 13, 1861. He was part of Company B (Lyles' Rifles), 7th Battalion (Enfield Rifles), South Carolina Infantry (lieutenant-colonel P. H. Nelson's Battalion).^[29] Captain (later major) James H. Rion was in charge with Nelson second in command.^[30] Rion had earlier helped form the 6th Regiment in which Billy's brothers, Peter and Anthony served. Rion resigned as colonel of the 6th Regiment in June 1861. In 1862 the 7th Battalion served on the coast of South Carolina.^[31] In July 1863 it attacked Morris Island. In the spring of 1864 it went to Virginia with Hagood's brigade. On May 14, 1864 at the battle of Drury's Bluff, the 7th Battalion helped drive back a federal line of battle. On June 16, 1864 at Petersburg it drove back an advance led by the federal general, Baldy Smith. In all it was in 22 battles.

However, Billy, at least as a member of the 7th Battalion, was not part of those battles. He received a disability discharge from the service on March 3, 1862. His "Army of the Confederate States, Certificate of Disability for Discharge" read:

Private J. William Brown, of Captain James H. Rion's Company, of the S.C. Enfield Rifles Battalion of Confederate States, Provisional Army, was enlisted by Capt. James H. Rion, the S.C. Enfield Rifles Battalion at Winnsboro, S.C. in Fairfield District in the State of S.C. on November 13, 1861 to serve for the war; he was born in Fairfield District in the state of S.C., is 24 years of age, five feet, six inches high, dark complexion, dark blue eyes, dark brown hair, and by occupation when enlisted, a farmer. During the last two months said soldier has been unfit for duty 56 days on account of sickness and malformation of both hands, as I have been informed by Capt. Rion and believe.

Station: Adams Run, S.C.                                         J. M. Rapliuet
March 3, 1862

I certify that I have carefully examined the said J. William Brown of Captain Rion's Company and find him incapable of performing the duties of a soldier because of extensive cicaticus (?) of the hands causing permanent cicating (?) of the 3 and 4th fingers of each hand.^[32]
                                                                                                J. F. M Gerrings, Surgeon
Town   Doko    County, Fairfield, S.C.

Despite his discharge in 1862, Billy may have re-enlisted later. I have not yet had a chance to look at a number of records that may list him. For example, there was a J. W. Brown who enlisted on December 10, 1863 in the 1st. Regiment (Hagood's), S.C. Infantry. As the war went on and the number of prime recruits were used up, the confederates starting taking those who earlier had been passed over. In addition many who were too infirm, too old, or too young to go north served in local militias that did service within the state. This was the case with the 7th Battalion (Enfield Rifles) mentioned above. Initially it only served in South Carolina. It went north only when things were getting desperate. Besides those who were infirm, there were others who resisted service because they were against succession. They will be noted at greater length in the discussion of Peter and Anthony Brown's military service, which is taken up in the Appendix. The slaveholders and landlords in the south constituted 5 percent of the population, but had an economic and political influence disproportionate to their numbers. It was they who led in the succession movement, not the small farmers like the Browns who never owned slaves. Robert E. Lee in a letter (January 23, 1864) to secretary of war James Seldon discussed the lack of commitment of many from South Carolina who resisted service in active military units. Lee wrote:

I hear no recruits coming to this army, and see but little prospect of any, as they all choose the regiments and companies (already filled to overflowing) which are not called upon for active duty. I recommend that some portion of the cavalry in South Carolina and Southwestern Virginia be sent to this army as soon as the grass beings to grow."^[33]

Major General Wade Hampton (1818-1902) from Charleston, S.C. on March 29, 1864 made the same observation in a letter to General Cooper. It was Hampton's duty to recruit inactive South Carolina units into active service in the new 7th Regiment, S.C. Cavalry for Virginia service. Hampton wrote, "I hope to move the men out by April 15, 1864, but an effort is being made to keep them at Charleston. They are more needed in Virginia. I want the order to bring them to Virginia to be enforced."^[34]

Billy and Kitty had just started their family at the time of the war. Hilda Ashworth related a story about the war which occurred toward its end when South Carolina and Blythewood came under the jurisdiction of the federal army:

I remember all kinds of little things that my grandmother [Kitty Brown] would tell me but nothing of value. Uncle Johnie [John William Brown, b. 1682] was a little fellow when the yankees went through. Uncle Johnie would ride around on the shoulders of the men. So grandma said. They seemed to be crazy about him and she was afraid they would take him. I think the following so cute. They asked him where everything was hidden and he would tell what he knew. When it came to the chickens he said daddy and mama put them up in the loft to keep the "nasty stinking yankees" from getting them. The yankees took their horses and everything. Aunt Lizzie [b. 1864] was a baby then.^[35]

Billy is said to have had a farm north of Blythewood, about half way to Ridgeway on what is now Highway 21. In an 1876 map of Fairfield Co. by William B. and B. E. Elkin, Dr. Campbell is listed as owning the house which at one point belonged to or was rented by Billy. Billy also had a flower mill in Blythewood and a peach orchard. One of the yearly events in Blythewood was a "political barbecue" at the school house on July 4 to celebrate independence from England. In his retirement years, Billy liked to talk politics with his son-in-law, Eugene "Gene" Hogan.^[36]

When they got older Billy and Kitty lived for several years with the family of their son Brooks Brown. Then they moved from Blythewood to Sumter, S.C. in 1905 to live with their daughter, Jane "Lizzie" Elizabeth (Brown) Hogan and her husband, Gene Hogan at 422 N. Salem Ave. Kitty transferred her membership from the Sandy Level Baptist church to the First Baptist church in Sumter on May 5, 1907.^[37] They lived there with their daughter and son-in-law for 16 or 18 years. Kitty's granddaughter, Lillie Hogan (Tucker) liked to comb Kitty's hair. So did her great granddaughter, Hazel Hogan. She had her hair done on top of her head. Hazel and Kitty were good at keeping each other company.

On December 15, 1909, Billy and Kitty celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary. It was an elaborate event. It was reported in the Sumter newspaper in an article with no by-line:

A Golden Wedding: A Happy Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Marriage of Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Brown

Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Brown, who were married in Fairfield county December 15, 1859 and removed to this city in 1905, were the guests of honor yesterday at an elegant, eight-course dinner, given by Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Hogan at their residence on Salem Avenue, in commemoration of the happy occasion. The hall, reception room and dining room were all tastefully decorated in white and green and gold, a profusion of smilax vines being used with artistic effect in combination with the white and gold. The guests were received at the door by Mesdames Archie China and J. R. Clack, and were escorted into the reception room where Mr. and Mrs. Brown stood and received the congratulations and felicitations of their friends.

When the guests were ushered into the dining room their eyes beheld a long and beautifully decorated table, laid with snowy linen and adorned with ferns and smilax and gold. Each plate was marked with individual hand-painted place card in the shape of a white and gold wedding bell. The dinner was a master piece of the culinary art and was delightfully and exquisitely served in courses.

Mr. and Mrs. Brown were the recipients of a number of handsome and useful presents and the occasion was altogether one of the happiest of their long life. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have twelve children, fifty-one grand children and eight great-grand children and a majority of their descendants were present to share with them the pleasures of the golden wedding.

Those who were present were: Mrs. M. Langford, Blythewood, S.C., Mr. Brooks Brown, Blythewood, S.C., Mr. H. A. Brown, Blaney, S.C., Mrs. L. J. Tucker and daughter, Mullins, S.C., Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Spann and children, Lynchburg; Mr. and Mrs. T. W. Boyle, Greeleyville, S.C., Mr. and Mrs. T. J. Hogan, Greeleyville, S.C., Mrs. Register and children, Greeleyville, S.C., Mrs. B. Boyle and son, Greeleyville, S.C., Miss Essie Spann, Greeleyville, S.C., Mr. E. C. Spann, Greeleyville, S.C., Mrs. C.C. Spann, Lynchburg, S.C., Dr. and Mrs. Archie China, Mr. William Epperson, Dr. C.C. Brown, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Brown and children, Mr. W. M. Graham, Miss Maggie Graham, Mr. and Mrs. John Clack, Mr. and Mrs. Alston Brown, Mr. and Mrs. Joe White, Mrs. C. L. Rhame, Mrs. Curlie, Mr. and Mrs. J. N. Phillips, Mr. and Mrs. Burdell, Dr. J. C. Spann, Mrs. Eugene Hogan Jr. of Canada, Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Stuckey, Stateburg.

There were about 60 people at the dinner. Twenty people were at the table at a time. They had turkey, ham, chicken, oysters, and cake. Many gifts were given to Billy and Kitty, including a gilded clock from Dr. China. Billy sat at the head of the table. In his old age he had knobby fingers because of arthritis.

Billy was a mason. It is said that Kitty had small feet. She and Billy were proud of it and he bought her small shoes. The shoes were too small and she got bunions. Kitty used to read bible and other stories to her great grandchildren. Billy and Kitty are buried at Sandy Level Baptist Church, Blythewood, S.C.
Billy and Kitty Brown had 12 children, all of whom were born in Doko/Blythewood:

1. Humphrey Alexander Brown (b. September 10, 1860). He married Emma L. Wooten on November 4, 1885. He served as the Blythewood postmaster. He is buried at Sandy Level Baptist churchyard, Blythewood. Humphrey and Emma had 3 children:

1. Emma Laurie Brown. She married a man named Hines. Later she married Barnes Alston Boyle.^[38] Emma Laurie and ? Hines had 4 children, some of whom were living in Alexandria, Virginia in 1970. The 4 children are:

1. Kitty Hines

2. Susan Hines

3. Mary Hines

4. ? Hines

2. Charles William Brown. He married Emma Hollice and worked for the railroad. Their address in 1970 was 506 Rollins Ave., Hamlet, N.C. 28245. They had 3 children:

1. Charlie Brown. It is said that he was something of a lady's man. He had a son who was a doctor in Charlotte, N.C.

2. Teressa Brown. She married a man named Heminger. In 1970 she was working in Washington, D.C. and her address was 1650 Harvard St., Washington, D.C.

3. Mildred Brown. She married a man named Altman. In 1970 they were living at 1212 Trinity Dr., Alexandria, Va. They had 3 children:

1. Jane Altman.

2. Anne Altman.

3. Rick Altman.

3. Sara Brown. She married Clive Loose.

2. John "Johnie" William Brown (b. March 19, 1862). He married Jesse Dunn and had two children. He is buried in Marietta, Georgia. His children are:

1. Kitty Brown. Her address and that of her sister in 1970 was 408 Seminole, Marietta, Ga.

2. Jessie Mae Brown.

3. Elizabeth "Lizzie" "Bettie" Jane Brown (April 16, 1864-March 29, 1935).^[39] She married Eugene "Gene" Belton Hogan (June 22, 1856-May 21, 1922) on January 12, 1881. Gene was the 11th of 12 children of Sanders Samuel Hogan (d. 1858) and Margaret Jane (Crankfield) Hogan (d. 1660), who had lived and raised their family in Blythewood. Gene was the grandson of the revolutionary soldier, William Hogan (September 9, 1760-April 21, 1836) and Jemima Sanders. Gene as a child lived with his oldest sister, Virginia Elizabeth Hogan ((1839-1903), because his parents died when he was only a few years old. Virginia was first married to William Cunningham "W.C." Boyle (d. 1863) but he was killed at Lookout Mountain, Tenn. fighting as a soldier during the Civil War. According to his service record, W.C. had enlisted at Winnsboro, S.C. as a conscript for a period of 3 years on July 20, 1862.^[40] He became a member of Co. M, 1st Palmetto Sharp Shooters, S.C., which was in Jenkins Regiment.^[41] He was wounded in action on September 17, 1862 and in the general hospital at Columbia, S.C. until about January 1863. He was killed in action on September 29, 1863 at Mill Valley. After the war, Virginia married John Alexander Hogan. He was probably her cousin and is said to have been mean to her. Virginia's oldest boys, Will and Walter, threw John Alexander Hogan into the creek near where the home place was and he drowned.^[42] This would have been before 1880, as the census that year lists Virginia Hogan (age 38) as a widow. In the same house with her is her sons Walter Boyle (age 21) and William (age 21).^[43] About 1910 one of the offspring of Virginia and John Alexander killed his wife and himself in a fit of rage.

Gene Hogan and Lizzie Brown had 4 or 5 years of schooling. Lillie Tucker said they met at church. They were married in 1881 at home when she was 14 years old.^[44] She went into a closet before the marriage and said she would not get married. After they were married they lived in Fairfield County until 1885 and then moved to White Plains, Anniston (Calhoun Co.), Alabama, where he worked as a butcher in a meat market. White Plains received mail on a rural delivery route from Choccolocco. In 1910 it had a population of 202. About 1890 they moved back to South Carolina and settled in Sumter, S.C. where Gene continued in the butcher trade and opened a meat market called Hogan's Market on 32 S. Main St. bordering the railroad. About the same time Gene came to Sumter, William "Will" Belton Boyle (1861-1916) moved from Blythewood to Sumter and started a livery stable. Will was the oldest son of Virginia Hogan and William Cunningham Boyle. Will was Gene Hogan's nephew. Scrip Boyle, who was Will's daughter, said that he was the first to ship cattle out of the state.

Gene Hogan's meat market had an overhead fan. It had saw dust on the floor in the back where they did the cutting. There was a large walk-in refrigerator with sides of beef hanging up in it. Eugene would buy sheep, hogs, cattle, and hides. He shipped sausage. In season he also sold fruit and produce. He had a telephone and a good business. He prided himself on his sausage table. It was very clean with no grease. A woman could bring her silk hanky and rub it on the sausage table and not get it dirty. Sometimes Gene and his son Claude would go to Oklahoma or Ohio to buy steers and have them shipped to Sumter, where he would sell them. A clipping from the Sumter newspaper which Lillie Tucker said that one time they brought in 50 head of cattle on the train. On one of his trips Gene was in Oklahoma and bought a tapestry at an auction. Lillie Tucker had it on her wall for many years and Eugene Belton Hogan IV has it now. In later years Gene's grandchildren liked to go to the market because he would give them sausages. They would peal the covering off and eat the inside. They also liked to visit because Eddie, the Afro-American who worked there, would give them candy. According to Sumter's criminal court records, Gene was charged in the fall term of 1898 with creating and maintaining a public nuisance. But the case was not prosecuted.^[45] The charge may have been connected with him selling liquor on the side.

At work Gene wore a white apron or a white knee-length coat. This was the normal uniform for a butcher. He also liked to wear a suit and tie, sometimes beneath his apron. He was a member of the Masons and the Woodmen of the World. He kept their emblems on his watch chain. He had a handle bar mustache. This was because he had something wrong with his lip.^[46] Each night he would take a bath. He liked politics. At election times the politicians would come to the local stores, sit around and chew the fat, and ask people to vote for them. They called it canvassing for whatever position they were running for. Edwin Boyle, who was a cousin of Gene and Lang Jennings, a cousin of their daughter-in-law, Annie Jones Hogan were mayors of Sumter for a time.^[47]

Lizzie had been raised a Baptist and she remained faithful throughout her life. On June 13, 1897 she transferred to the First Baptist church on Liberty St., Sumter from Sion Hill Church at White Plains, Alabama.^[48] Rev. C.C. Brown was the minister there from 1874 to 1914. Lizzie also attended Grace Baptist church, which was on Church St. Grace was closer to her house than First Baptist. Gene never really joined the church and he may not have gone to services very often.

Lizzie and Gene Hogan rented several different houses in Sumter before buying one. The first house they rented was a little one on Broad St.^[49] Then they lived in a large house in a grove on Broad St. It was later owned by the Corbetts and is now torn down.^[50] Another house they lived in was a red one at the intersection of Broad and N. Salem. This was later owned by the Cliftons and still later by the Boyles.^[51] Then Gene and Lizzie bought the single level frame house at 422 N. Salem Ave, near Broad St. It is no longer standing. It was painted dark green with white shutters. It had a covered veranda or porch that stretched across the entire front of the house. At one end of the porch was a swing. There were chairs on it and the family used to sit out there and visit during the summer when it was hot. It was cool there. In the front were also porch boxes with geraniums in them. Lizzie was a good gardener. There was a vacant lot on each side of the house. In one of the lots they had a large vegetable garden. The house had a cellar for coal, fruit, and storage. On each side of the house in front was a pecan tree, which were still there in 1990. There was an old oak there and also flowers, a big pink rose bush, a cabbage rose tree by the door, a gardenia tree, and a grass lawn. In the back of the house was a chicken house. Hazel, their granddaughter used to collect the eggs for Lizzie. In the back also was a service house, which had a washing machine and a place where ironing was done. On the left side of the house was a playhouse. Later they had another playhouse on the right side of the house, which Gene built. That was part of the reason Hazel stayed with them for up to a year at a time. Hazel and the neighborhood children played in the playhouses. These children included Mary Emma Preacher (Mrs. Joe Campbell), who lived on Blanding St. Sometimes Hazel would spend the night at Mary Emma's house. Gene junior's children also liked to stay with their grandparents for long periods. They included Doris, Eugenia, Annie, and Barbara. Eugenia Hogan (Patakis) stayed there in 1918 and went to the 7th grade.^[52] Gene had a yardman named Julius. Julius had a house in back of the main house to live in. Lizzie had cows and Julius would milk them. Gene and Lizzie also had a farm on North Main St. where cotton and corn were grown. There was no house on it but there was a barn for some pigs. They used to tease Gene because he would go out there on Sunday and pull up grass. People were not suppose to work on Sunday.

Gene and Lizzie often had company. On the weekends Gene's bothers and sisters, like Joe and Kitty [Hogan] Brown and their children, Ruth, Nat, and the others from Blythewood would come over for visits and during the week there were people dropping in at meal times. If there were special delegates to the church, they would be entertained by Gene and Lizzie. Daughter Lillie remembered that when Rev. C.C. Brown (b. 1852) came for visits, Lizzie gave him wine and fruit cake. Gene liked malted milk. Lizzie would heat hot milk and stir in Horlicks malted mix. He also liked baked apples. According to his granddaughter, Hazel Hogan, they tasted good. Another of Gene's favorites was squabs (pigeons).

Lizzie was always in the kitchen cooking. She would say, "What am I going to feed this crowd."^[53] Because Gene was a meat man, there was enough food. Lizzie made great loads of food: fried chicken, mashed potatoes, mashed fresh lima beans, and biscuits. She would make hot rolls and wrap them in an old line table cloth. Her granddaughter Hazel would go get a few because they smelled so good. They had a pie safe or pie cabinet in the hall-dining room which they may have brought with them from Anniston, Alabama. Pie safes were used before there were iceboxes. They had doors on them with holes punched in them in geometric designs. They kept food such as pies away from mice, roaches, and flies. Gene and Lizzie had a dining table that was 20 feet long. The dining room was the hall in the middle of the house which stretched from the front porch to the back porch.

In addition to the market, Gene and Lizzie made ends meet in the 1910s after their children grew up and moved away by providing room and board in their house. One room was rented to Luther and Lena Dean. Luther was called "Big Dean" because he was a big man. He worked as an engineer on the railroad and had a big car. An older women, Miss Curley, was another roomer. Even when the children had moved away, their former rooms continued to be called "Lillie's room," "Caro's room," Uncle Joe's room." One of the rooms belonged to Billy and Kitty Brown. Lizzie and Gene's bedroom was by the kitchen. Their granddaughter, Hazel as a child liked to visit for long periods. She would sleep on a cot in their room. When "Mammie Hogan" [Lizzie] got mad at her, Hazel would hide in the skirts of Aunt Vinnie and cry "Save me, save me." Aunt Vinnie was the Afro-American who helped Lizzie cook in the kitchen. Gene would take Hazel to school in his buggy. The buggy was pulled by a reddish horse named Man, who was blind. Gene had a black horse named Comet. Gene gave Hazel a speckled horse named Prince. At least she claimed him. She never rode him but she called it her own. She does not know what became of the horse. Gene would also give her money. This is where she got her first bank account. She had an iron bank which could only be opened at the real bank. Gene would put coins in it. It also had a slot in which to put paper money and he would put dollars in it. The money in the iron bank would then go into her bank account. Every evening when Gene came home, she would sit on his lap and they would visit.

Lizzie also made ends meet by making and selling butter milk and butter. In addition she would make hogshead cheese by boiling pork in a big black kettle and saving the liquid from it. Especially the gelatin from pigs feet would be used. It would congeal so that it could be sliced with a knife. A whole pepper and vinegar would be put with it when it was preserved. Lizzie did much preserving, and the preserves were stored in the cellar under the house.

When they were getting up in years, Gene and Lizzie would go to St. Augustine, Fla. each winter. Gene had several people working for him in the market, including including the Afro-American mentioned earlier named Eddie and another named Mr. Camel. Gene also at times had his sons Edmunds, Claude, and Joe working for him. They learned the butchering trade. Edmunds was a good bookkeeper before he joined the Army. Claude worked there at least until 1910.^[54] Joe worked there in the 1910s. Even as he grew older, Gene went to work every day, but he did not do as much work. According to one account, Gene made a good bit of money selling liquor illegally. Another account is that Gene's sons, Claude and Joe were the ones who sold liquor illegally.^[55]

Gene died of stomach cancer in 1922. He was sick in bed for a long period before he died. He required much care and his daughters Lillie and Caro came and helped. His granddaughter prayed that the lord would let him live.^[56] Lizzie thought he was being mean staying in bed and did not believe he was really sick. Dr. Otto Hogan in Greeleyville, a cousin of Gene, diagnosed it. Gene's will of January 6, 1922 in the first paragraph gave "unto my servant, Julius Wright, colored, as a reward of his faithfulness to me and in consideration thereof, one sorrel horse with blaze face named Joe and my one horse wagon and complete set of wagon harness to do with as he may see fit and in no wise to subject to any claim or debt against my estate." The rest of the estate was equally divided between Lizzie and Gene's children. Lizzie did not like the way the will was made. She tried to get Gene to change it. She wanted it all to go to herself, which probably made sense. But the objection to that from Gene's view was that Eddie Spann, Gene's son-in-law and Caro's husband, had borrowed $2,000 and defaulted. Gene had paid off the note. Gene feared that if Lizzie got the entire estate, it might end up going to Eddie, because of Caro's influence with her. Lillie and Caro probably ignored the will and give their shares to Lizzie. Claude and Joe seem to done likewise, on condition that Lizzie keep the whole estate. As it turned out, there was not much money in the estate according to a report filed by the executor, who was his son, Claude Hogan. Gene had retired from and apparently liquidated his interest in the market prior to his death.^[57] The one person who lost out was Julius. He did not get his share.^[58]

After Gene died, Lizzie rented out the house on Salem St. and stayed mainly with her daughters. But she kept a room for herself in the house on Salem St. Once when she came back to Salem St. her granddaughter Hazel, age 7, came to visit and stayed the night with her. Lizzie got mad because Hazel broke her bottle of hand lotion. The lotion was probably home made, of glycerin and rose water.^[59] Lizzie married Arthur Peter Mills (May 10, 1860-August 23, 1932) in 1925.^[60] He was born at Jeffersontown, Kentucky but lived most of his life at Louisville, Ky. He had several grown children from a previous marriage who lived there. He was an electrical fixtures inspector. Lizzie moved to Barberton, Ohio and lived in an apartment there with Arthur.^[61] He is buried at Louisville, Ky. After he died, she went to live with her daughter, Lillie Tucker in Maxton, N.C. Lizzie was a plump woman and had a heart attack. She is buried at Oak Grove cemetery, Maxton, N.C. Gene is buried at the Sumter cemetery, Sumter, S.C. Lizzie and Gene had 6 children. See Appendix 1 for the information about them and their descendants.

4. James "Jim" Franklin Brown (May 25, 1866-January 9, 1927).^[62] He married Mary Ophelia Langford (November 7, 1869-February 18, 1952) in December 1886. Mary was born at Lexington, S.C. and her parents were George Yarbourgh Langford and Alvinia Shealy. He was a farmer and had a lot of apple trees. He made apple cider. Jim was blind in his older years.^[63] He and Mary are buried at Sandy Level cemetery in Blythewood. Jim and Mary had 4 children:

1. Belva L. Brown (b. August 17, 1890). She married George H. Rains. In 1970 they were living at 1411 Victoria St., Columbia, S.C.

2. Dessie Ree Brown (October 16, 1892-November 11, 1918). She married Heidt DeLoach and is buried at Blythewood.

3. Michael "Mike" Brown (b. August 7, 1896).^[64] He married Lillian Josephine "Polly" Frick, who was also born in Blythewood. Polly's parents were Noah Edward Frick and Martha Elizabeth Graddick. Mike and Polly lived in Sumter, S.C. for many years where he worked in the construction trades. They lived in an apartment above Mr. Walling's grocery store and visited their cousins, Claude Hogan's family on Green Swamp Road, Sumter. Mike and Polly had 6 children:

1. William Clinton Brown (September 24, 1914-May 24, 1966).^[65] He was born at Marietta, Ga. and buried at Fort Lincoln cemetery in Washington, D.C. He married Doris E. Flynn (b. May 22, 1922) on September 21, 1940 at the Keller Memorial Lutheran church in Washington, D.C. Doris was born at 640 E. St. N.E., Washington, D.C. Her parents were George Everett Flynn and Nellie Frances McDevitt. Her parents attended Keller Memorial Lutheran church. In 1971 Doris lived at 7 E. Maple St., Alexandria, Va. 22301 (telephone # 836-0415). They had one child:

1. William Clinton Brown. He was born September 5, 1947 in Washington, D.C. He married Michael Cornelius Hall on January 3, 1969.

2. Mary Alvina Brown (December 22-1917-December 1936). She was born and buried at Blythewood. She married C. M. Evans in 1936.

3. Ruby Mae Brown. She was born March 3, 1920 at Greeleyville (Williamsburg Co.), S.C. She married John William McCaa on May 6, 1950. They live at P.O. Box 1032, Ballentine, S.C. 29002. She along with Mamie Brown Hagan have been the co-corresponding secretaries for the Brown family reunion each year at the Blythewood community center or elsewhere.

4. James Henry Brown. He was born August 11, 1921 at Greeleyville, S.C. He married Janelle Roof on June 19, 1947. In 1971 they were living at 1010 Naples Ave., Cayce S.C. 29033.

5. Janie Katherine "Kitty" Brown. She was born June 21, 1923 at Greeleyville, S.C.^[66] She married James B. Horlacher on June 15, 1946. He was born on March 27, 1917 at Poplar Bluff, Mo. His parents were William Edwin Horlacher and Mary Elizabeth Mast. James is in the electronic supply business (Horlacher Electronic Supply, HESCO). In 1971 James and Kitty were living at 206 Summerlea Dr., Columbia, S.C. James and Kitty had 3 children:

1. Janie Katherine Horlacher (March 17,
1950).

2. James B. Horlacher (February 3, 1953).

3. Mary Josephine Horlacher (December 30,
1962).

6. Michael Langford Brown. He was born April 6, 1929 at Blythewood. He married Elizabeth Eadon in October 1948. In 1971 they were living at 1207 Honeysuckle St., Cayce, S.C. 29033.

4. Alvinia "Allie" Brown (b. August 7, 1900). She married K. Monts Hagood on October 20, 1920. In 1971 they were living in Blythewood. She was a leader in having the community center at Blythewood built. This is where the Brown Family Reunion is held each year. They had two children, both of whom were born at Columbia hospital in Columbia S.C.:

1. Franklin Monts Hagood (b. August 19, 1922). He married Sallie McDonald on March 16, 1941. Sallie died on June 18, 1967.

2. Esther Maomia "Peggy" Hagood (b. March 16, 1925. She married Clayton B. Kleckley on April 16, 1947.

5. Joseph "Joe" Nathanael Brown (b. June 19, 1868).^[67] He married Kitty Bruce Hogan on October 24, 1895. Kitty (1873-1941) was the daughter of John Alexander Hogan and Virginia Elizabeth Hogan. Joe was in the livery stable business with William Boyle. Joe is buried at Blythewood. Joe and Kitty had 10 children:

1. Ruth Brown. She was born at Blythewood and married a man named McClarey.

2. Boyd Brown (December 12, 1897-March 18, 1949).^[68] He was born at Blythewood and buried at Winnsboro in Fairfield Co., S.C. Boyd married Mary Elizabeth Tidwell at Columbia, S.C. on September 18, 1918. Mary Elizabeth's parents were Charles D. Tidwell and Annie Kennedy. Boyd may have been a South Carolina state legislator, or at least his son was. Boyd and Mary Elizabeth had one child:

1. Walter Boyd Brown. He was born May 16, 1920 at Ridgeway in Fairfield, S.C. He married Clara Annie Miller on December 22, 1944. Boyd was a South Carolina state legislator in 1971. When Lady Bird Johnson came to Fairfield Co. during the 1960s, he was in charge of the railroad. Walter and Clara had 4 children:

1. Annie Miller Brown.

2. Mary Body Brown.

3. Walter Boyd Brown.

4. Russell David Brown.^[69]

3. J. Nathaniel "Nat" Brown. He was born October 6, 1899 at Blythewood. He was deaf and belonged to the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf. He received a plaque which reads, "In appreciation to J. Nat Brown for his long and faithful service to Columbia Division No. 93, National Fraternal Society of the Deaf, Golden Anniversary 1922-1972, April 15, 1972, 34th degree."^[70] In 1972 he was living at 1500 Charlton St., Columbia, S.C. 29203. Nat married and had 2 children:

1. Betty Brown.

2. Jack Brown.

4. Esther Brown.

5. Virginia Brown.

6. Nell Brown (d. February 28, 1973). She married a man named Bannerman who went to the Naval Academy. Nell died at Miami, Florida and is buried at Beaufort National Cemetery, Beaufort, S.C. Prior to her death she was a widow living at 20 Myrtle Ct., Columbia, S.C. Nell and her husband had one child:

1. Virginia Bannerman. She was living in Florida
in 1973.

7. William "Buster" Randolph Brown. He was born in Sumter Co., S.C. He was a South Carolina state legislator and then worked for the South Carolina state sinking fund, which controlled the state's expenditures. Buster was married and his wife lived at Gafney in 1971. She was said to be interested in family history and was a member of the D.A.R.

8. Betty Brown.

9. Jack Brown. He was deaf.

10. Joseph "Joe" Belton Brown (b. June 8, 1918). He was born at Mayesville in Sumter Co., S.C. He married Marrie Katherine Easler on December 22, 1940 at Blythewood. Marrie Katherine was born September 22, 1921 at Killian in Richland Co., S.C. Her parents were Lewis W. Eisler and Addie Grimsley. Joe was a painting contractor in 1971 and living at 3020 English Ave., Columbia, S.C. Joe and Marrie Katherine had 2 children:

1. Nancy K. Brown. She was born April 4, 1942 at Columbia, S.C. She married Olin M. Tucker on April 25, 1964. They had 2 children:

1. Kelly Nell Tucker. He was born April 24,
1968 at Columbia, S.C.

2. Brian Belton Tucker. He was born March
30, 1972 at Columbia, S.C.

2. Kitty Jo Brown. She was born September 7, 1944 at Columbia, S.C. She married William A. Hill on June 15, 1968. They had 2 children:

1. Stacey Marrie Hill. She was born March
19, 1970 at Dayton, Ohio.

2. Elizabeth Dawn Hill. She was born May 5,
1973 at Chicago, Ill.

6. Peter Harris Claudius Brown (August 14, 1870-September 17, 1885). He died of typhoid and is buried at Sandy Level Baptist churchyard, Blythewood.

7. Margaret "Maggie" Delaney Brown (January 10, 1873-October 1, 1880). She died of typhoid and is buried at Sandy Level Baptist churchyard, Blythewood.

8. Ruthanna Keturah "Kitty" Brown (January 28, 1875-September 16, 1885). She died of typhoid and is buried at Sandy Level churchyard, Blythewood.

9. Cardine Lenora "Carrie" Brown (June 12, 1877-June 1957). She married Luther Lee Langford (September 3, 1874-November 1950) on November 10, 1903. Luther Lee was born at Walhalla, S.C. His parents were George Yarbourgh Langford and Alvina Shealy. Carrie was buried at the Lutheran cemetery in Blythewood. Carrie and Luther Lee had 4 children, all of whom were born in Blythewood:

1. Hilda Langford (b. August 30, 1904). She married Carl Cleveland Ashworth (November 5, 1884-April 10, 1969) on October 15, 1936 at Blythewood. Carl was killed in an auto crash in Columbia, S.C. and buried at Decatur, Ga.^[71] Hilda and Carl had two children both of whom were born at Rome, Ga.:

1. Carolyn Ashworth (b. May 10, 1938). She married a many named Bushy on September 30, 1961. In 1971 they were living at 23 Kensington Rd., Avondale Estates, Atlanta, Ga.

2. Stanley Ashworth (b. May 30, 1942). He married Rena Ambrosini in November 1964. In 1971 they were living at Rome, Georgia.

2. Lucy Langford (b. December 26, 1906). She did not marry and in 1970 was living in Columbia, S.C.

3. Maxime Langford (b. November 30, 1909). She married Ernest J. Dale in October 1937. In 1971 they were living at 718 Shady Brook Dr., High Point, North Carolina. She was a teacher. Maxime and Ernest had 3 children:

1. Peggy Elizabeth Dale. She married a man named Forsyth and was living at Durham, New Hampshire in 1971.

2. E. James Dale. He was living in Germany in
1971.

3. Robert Dale. He was living in Germany in 1971.

4. Caroline L. Langford (b. December 1, 1914).^[72] She married Guy Dangler on March 3, 1947. In 1971 she was living in Blythewood. She had one child:

1. Stephen L. Dangler. He was born December 3, 1947 at Columbia, S.C. He married Virginia Ledbetter in January 1969 and was living at 4033 Ensor Ave., Columbia, S.C. They had one child:

1. John Michael Dangler. He was born October 20, 1969 at Columbia, S.C.

10. Emma Fostina Brown (November 8, 1879-November 27, 1930). She married Michael Langford (March 24, 1867-March 3, 1930) on November 28, 1897 at the Sandy Level Baptist church in

Blythewood. Michael was born in Lexington Co., S.C. and was a graduate of Vanderbilt University. He worked as a physician. Both Michael and Emma Fostina are buried at the Lutheran cemetery in Blythewood. They had 6 children, all of whom were born in Blythewood:

1. Hannah Langford (b. December 8, 1903).^[73] She graduated from Chicora College (now Queen's College) in Charlotte, N.C. and married Dewey LeRoy Outen on December 29, 1929. Dewey LeRoy was a colonel. Hannah was a member of the South Carolina Disabled American Veterans Auxiliary. She and Dewey had 2 children:

1. Michael Dewey Outen. He was born June 18, 1931 at Knoxville, Tenn. He graduated from Clemson and is an architect in Hickory, N.C. He married Alice Eugenia Drake on January 29, 1955. They had 3 children:

1. Michael Dewey Outen. He was born December 28, 1956 at Strasburg, Germany.

2. Angela Elizabeth Outen. She was born November 13, 1960 at Ashville, N.C.

3. Emily Lynn Outen. She was born July 10, 1969 at Hickory, N.C.

2. Samuel "Sammy" Langford Outen. He was born March 6, 1935 at Fayetteville, N.C. He graduated from Madison College at Harrisburg, Va.

2. Esther Langford (b. August 24, 1906). She graduated from Chicora College in Charlotte, N.C. in 1927 and married Beverly Butler Southerlin on May 31, 1935. She had taught grades 1-6 for 36 years by 1971 and was teaching the fourth grade plus art at that time. She was living at 21 High Hill St., Greenville, S.C. 29605. She and Beverly Butler had 3 children, all of whom were born in Greenville, S.C.:

1. Judith Kay Southerlin (August 7, 1937-August 7, 1937). She is buried at Baptist church cemetery, Travelers Rest, S.C.

2. Esther Diane Southerlin (b. August 30, 1939). She married Thomas Millard Drake on June 10, 1961 in Greenville, S.C. He is the son of Allard Anderson Drake and Texie Vest. Esther Diane and Thomas had 3 children, all of whom were born in Greenville, S.C.:

1. Melissa Diane Drake (b. October 2, 1965).

2. Thomas Anderson Drake (b. July 31, 1967).

3. Laura Elizabeth Drake (September 26,
1969).

3. Beverly Elaine Southerlin (January 26, 1941-June 22, 1941). She is buried at Baptist church cemetery, Travelers Rest, S.C.

3. Margaret Langford (October 23, 1908-July 12, 1969). She graduated from Chicora College in Charlotte, N.C. and married Benton Mendenhail Gibson (d. 1969) on June 20, 1931. Benton was a state legislator and published poetry. They lived at Box 277, Rt. 3, Greenville, S.C. 29602. Margaret is buried at the Lutheran cemetery in Blythewood. Margaret and Benton had 2 children, both of whom were born in Greenville, S.C.:

1. Benton Michael Gibson (b. March 13, 1939). He married Robyn Elaine Lovvorn on October 14, 1968.

2. Mark Langford Gibson (b. Nov. 13, 1949).

4. Rosa Faustina Langford (b. May 11, 1912). She graduated from Columbia College in Charlotte, N.C. and married Oeland F. Evins on December 28, 1938. They had 2 children, both of whom were born in Greenville, S.C.:

1. Harriette Ann Evins (b. December 9, 1943). She married James Seel. They had one child by 1971:

1. Benjamin Seel. He was born February 1970
at Greenville, S.C.

2. Juliette Rose Evins (b. December 9, 1945). She married Jeff Holmes. They had one child by 1971:

1. Matthew Derek Holmes. He was born July
1969 at Fort Meyers, Florida.

5. Rachael Michaeline Langford (b. September 20, 1920). She graduated from Newberry College, Newberry, S.C. and married Carl McGhee Clegg on August 3, 1947. In 1971 they were living at P.O. Box 267, Citra, Florida. They had 2 children:

1. Carl Michael Clegg. He was born March 25, 1949
at Gainesville, Florida.

2. James Jackson Clegg. He was born August 6, 1950
at Greenville, S.C.

6. Carl Langford. He married a woman named Evins.^[74]

11. Samuel Brooks Brown (February 5, 1882-1930).^[75] He had a store in Blythewood, a cotton gin, and was a farmer.^[76] He married Grace Hinnant (November 19, 1882-October 21, 1947). Grace was born at Winnsboro, S.C. and taught school at Blythewood. Both Brooks and Grace are buried at the Green Lawn cemetery, Columbia, S.C. They had 7 children, all of whom were born at Blythewood:

1. Brooks Samuel Brown (b. April 13, 1904).^[77] He married Mary Ellen Burden (b. November 15, 1906) on January 3, 1925 at Atlanta, Ga. Mary Ellen was born at Fort Valley, Ga. Her father was Richard B. Burden. Brooks married Magdalene North (Rivers) on April 12, 1934 at Columbia, S.C. Brooks worked as a florist in Columbia, S.C. His address in 1971 was 4806 Colonial Dr., Columbia, S.C. 29203. He had 2 children by Mary Ellen and his third child by Magdalene:

1. Lera Grace Brown. She was born in Atlanta, Ga. She married J. A. Groover and was living at 3185 Pinehill Dr., Decatur, Ga. 30032 in 1971. They had 2 children:

1. Debrah Ann Groover.

2. Drew Groover.

2. Richard Brown. He was born at Fort Valley, Ga. He married Doris Woods on June 2, 1946 and was living in Atlanta, Ga. in 1971. They had 4 children:

1. Richard Thomas Brown. He had two children:

1. Richard Thomas Brown.

2. Tammy Michelle Brown.

2. Michael Brooks Brown.

3. Danny Hope Brown.

4. Lynn Diane Brown.

3. Brooks Samuel Brown III. He was born June 5, 1935 at Columbia, S.C. He married Beverly Baughman on September 5, 1952. He was working as a florist with his father in Columbia, S.C. in 1971. Brooks and Beverly had 3 children:

1. Brooks Samuel Brown (b. August 12, 1955).

2. Anthony Harmon Brown (b. December 21-
1956).

3. Jennifer Susan Brown (b. June 30, 1959).

2. William Brown (b. August 10, 1906). He was a major in the army. He married Leila Moon on July 6, 1929. They had one child:

1. Billie Mae Brown. She married John E. Wise. He was a colonel in the army at Fort Bragg, N.C. They had 6 children:

1. Leila Wise.

2. John William Wise.

3. Dixie Wise.

4. Keven Wise.

5. Vanessa Wise.

6. Jessica Wise.

3. Claude C. Brown (b. October 26, 1908). He married Helen Stoudimer in 1942. In 1971 they were living at 9 Constitution Ave., Charleston Height, Charleston S.C. They had 4 children:

1. Martha Karen "Carrie" Brown. She married David Baxley and was living in Charleston, S.C. in 1971. They had 2 children:

1. David Baxley.

2. Karen Baxley.

2. Claudia Brown. She married Michael Cureton and was in Spain in the military service in 1971.

3. Claude C. Brown.

4. Thomas Arthur Brown.

4. Mamie Brown (b. April 26, 1910). She married William Robert Hagan on February 8, 1942. He worked at the Manning Correctional Institute. Mamie was secretary of her church and the forwarding agent for a missionary in New Zealand. Despite eye troubles and other ailments, she and Ruby Brown McCaa have served as co-corresponding secretary over the years for the annual Brown Family reunion. The first reunion was in 1965. She was also the source for many of the people I was able to contact in getting information for these notes. Mamie and W. R. had one child:

1. William Robert Hagan. He attended the medical college in Charleston, S.C. and married Mary Lane Lawson on June 1, 1968. They had 2 children:

1. William Robert Hagan.

2. Melony Sue Hagan.

5. Harold Brown (b. November 18, 1911). He served in the navy and married Dorthy Rioux on July 27, 1944. In 1971 they were living at Route 1, Box 34, Columbia, S.C. They had 2 children:

1. Dorthy Anne Brown (b. April 24, 1945). In 1971 she was working with an oil company in New Orleans.

2. Robert Harold Brown (b. October 23, 1946). In 1971 he was in the navy in Georgia. He married Evelyn Sabool on October 23, 1970.

6. Fletcher Brown (b. December 25, 1917). He was a captain in the army and married Mary Burley on August 18, 1945. They had no children.

7. Tommy Brown (May 1, 1920). He married Virginia Crane on January 29, 1944. They had 2 children:

1. Michael Joseph Brown (b. July 5, 1949). In 1971 he was working for WIS Television. He married Nancy Lyles on October 3, 1970.

2. David Timothy Brown (b. March 29, 1953).

12. Lillie Dora Brown (February 19, 1884-February 25, 1884). She died of typhoid and is buried at the Sandy Level Baptist churchyard, Blythewood.

Anthony S. Brown (1840-1893) and Emma Ardella Boyle (1858-1890)^[78]

Anthony S. Brown was 21 at the time he enlisted for service in the Civil War. For a description of his service record and the battles in which he fought, see Appendix 2. Anthony first married Emma Ardella Boyle (March 12, 1858-March 9, 1885). She was the daughter of William Cunningham Boyle and Virginia Elizabeth (Hogan) Boyle. Virginia was the oldest sister of Eugene B. Hogan, who married Anthony's niece, Elizabeth (Lizzie) Brown (b. 1865). The relation is as follows:

            Alec Brown (b. 1815)               S.S. Hogan

Billy   Anthony                      Virginia (Boyle)   Gene

Lizzie (b. 1865)                                       Emma Ardella

In the 1880 census they were living in Fairfield Co.^[79] Later Anthony married Elizabeth Simms. Anthony and Emma had four children:

1. Frank Brown. He was a lawyer in Columbia.

2. William A. Brown. He was born about 1878 in South Carolina.

3. Joseph Brown. He was born about 1879 in South Carolina.

4. Kate Beatrice Brown (b. November 24, 1880). She married Alstan Burne Boyle (b. 1873), who was the son of Alsten Stephen Boyle and Shellomath Andella (Hogan) Boyle.^_ Kate and Alsten had three children:

1. Barnes Alsten Boyle. He married Rosa Louise
Simmons.^[81]

2. Joseph William Boyle (b. September 21, 1903). He
married Mary Fields.

3. Thomas Joseph Boyle (b. September 7, 1921). He married Geraldine Mills on April 3, 1943.

Jemima E. Brown (b. 1849) and Daniel H. Brown (1850)^[82]

Jemima (or Jamie) E. Brown (b. 1849) married Daniel H. Brown (b. 1850) and moved to Wagner (Orangeburg County), S.C. to live. In the 1880 census Daniel was age 29 and Jemima was age 30. They were living in the Hebron township of Orangeburg Co.^[83] Orangeburg County is about half-way between Blythewood and Charleston S.C. Jemima and Daniel had 7 children:

1. John A. Brown (b. October 1, 1871). He married Kitty Ewing (or Ewell) and is buried at the Brown cemetery in Orangeburg County. They had 3 children:

1. Walter Dickson Brown. According to Verdell Brown, he lived in Washington D.C. and worked at the Washington National Airport.

2. Clyde Brown. He lived in Durham, N. C.

3. Lizzie Brown. She married a man named Erwin or Rogers and lived in Charlotte, N.C.

2. Mary Elizabeth Brown (b. July 5, 1872). She married Thomas Stealy Axson and is buried in Hopewell cemetery, Orangeburg County. They had 4 children:

1. Marion Axson. She died on January 5, 1953.

2. Cora Eleann Axson. She died at age 50.

3. Bessie Lee Axson. She died at age 8.

4. Thomas Stealy Axson. He married Gladys McMichael and lived in North Charleston on Eninl St. They had two children:

1. Elizabeth Ann Axson.

2. Kenneth Axson.

3. Cara Ann Brown (June 19, 1874-1924). She is buried in the Brown cemetery in Orangeburg County. The 1880 census spelled her name as Corah A.

4. Joseph Russell Brown (b. April 19, 1876). He married Ida Hally and is buried at the Wagner cemetery in Orangburg County. They had one child:

1. Ethily Ruth Brown. She married first James C. Davis and then Maxim Francis Lucky. Ethily and Maxim had one child:

1. Julia Anne Lucky. According to Verdell Brown she lived at Applin, Georgia.

5. Ailine Charlette Brown (b. May 19, 1878). She is buried in the Brown cemetery in Orangeburg County.

6. James Milton Brown (b. May 17, 1881). He married Ethel Livingston (b. August 1, 1882) and is buried at the Brown cemetery in Orangeburg County. Ethel was living with Mr. Verdelle Brown and his wife in 1970 and was 90 years old. James and Ethel had 3 children:

1. Harry H. Brown. He married Bernal Watson.^[84] They had two children:

1. James Robert Brown. He lived at Puduck, Ky.

2. Betty Jane Brown. She married a man named Arthur and lived in Charleston, S.C.

2. Verdelle Eddie Brown. He married Win May Bennett and was living in Orangeburg in 1973 when he helped get together the information on his branch of the Browns.

3. Bessie Lee Brown. She married a man named Grambling.^[85]

7. Daniel James (Jemima?) Brown (b. September 17, 1883). He married Jessie Wolfe and is buried in the Hopewell Cemetery, Orangeburg County.^[86] They had 7 children:

1. Franci Jemima (Jamima?) Brown. She married William Wesley Jones. According to Verdell Brown, they were living at Route 1, Sally, S.C. in 1973.

2. Myrtle Mae Brown. She married Robert Davis Joyner. They had three children:

1. Martha Jean Joyner. She married Bennett
Aritzes.

2. Robert Davies Joyner. He married Judy Elizabeth
Wilson.

3. Linda Dale Joyner.

3. Mary Ellen Brown. She married Tunis Lynnard Jeffcoat.^[87] They had two children:

1. Tunis Lynnard Jeffcoat.

2. Rose Mary Jeffcoat.

4. Agnes Arene Brown. She married Norman W. Matt. According to Verdell Brown they were living in Orangeburg in 1973. They had three children:

1. Norma Agust Matt.

2. Window Daniel Matt.

3. Timothy Wayne Matt.

5. Virginia Livingston Brown. She married William Jennings Bryan Till.^[88] They had two children:

1. Frankie Bruce Till.

2. Cynthia Roy Till.

6. Daniel Jessie Brown. He married Loritta Esther Griffith and in 1973 was living in Orangeburg, S.C.^[89] They had two children:

1. Daniel J. Brown.

2. Harriet Esther Brown.

7. Billy Olivia Brown. She married Emory William Huff and was living in Orangeburg in 1973. They had two children:

1. Ranny Derald Huff.

2. Marcia Lynn Huff.

James Alexander Brown (1854-1917) and Julia Elizabeth Rimer (1861-1926)^[90]

James Alexander Brown (January 15, 1854-December 4, 1917). He is buried at the family cemetery in Blythewood. About 1878 he married Julia Elizabeth Rimer (June 22, 1861-April 6, 1926). She was born at Doko/Blythewood, S.C., the daughter of Andrew Rimer (b. 1815) and Jane (Neely) Rimer (b. 1815).^[91] She is also buried at the family cemetery in Blythewood. James and Julia lived in Blythewood. They had 15 children:

1. Samuel Elbege Brown (January 15, 1879-March 9, 1952).^[92] He married his first cousin, Martha (Mattie) Lauhon on December 24, 1902. They lived in Blythewood and he is buried at Zion Methodist churchyard in Blythewood. They had 10 children:

1. William Oscar Brown (November 7, 1904-October 27, 1951). He married Ruth Elain Jones on November 9, 1935 and had one child. William is buried in the Greenlawn Memorial cemetery, Spartanburg, S.C.

2. Josephine Kathleen Brown (b. January 7, 1906). She married Olin E. Marsh on May 21, 1939 and had two children. In 1970 they were living at R.F.D. # 4, Johnsonville, S.C. 29555.

3. Jemima Sarah Brown (b. October 14, 1908). She never married and was living in Spartanburg, S.C. in 1970.

4. Alexander Samuel Brown (b. November 12, 1910). He married Ethel Savage on March 1, 1935 and had one child. In 1970 they were living at 118 Ponce-de-Leon Ave., Spartanburg, S.C. 29302.

5. James Wayne Brown (b. May 23, 1912). He married Martha Jean (or Fran?) Smith on January 15, 19? and had one child. In 1970 they were living at 106 Guilford Pl., Spartanburg, S.C. 29302.

6. Elizabeth Helen Brown (b. August 14, 1914). She married Robert E. Hunt on July 8, 1944 and had three children. In 1970 they were living at 371 Amhurst St., Spartanburg, S.C.

7. Legrand Fred Brown (b. July 14, 1916). He married Kathryn Dillard in June 1946 and had three children. In 1970 their address was 284 Chesnee Hy (Rt. 3, Box 28 X), Gaffney, S.C.

8. Rebecca Laura Brown (b. October 11, 1918). She married Thomas H. Jones on August 6, 1939 and had three children. In 1970 their address was Box 313, Rt. # 4, Winnsboro, S.C.

9. Evelyn Mary Brown (b. September 29, 1922). She married Charles H. Tinsley on September 1, 1951. They had no children. Their address in Delaware was given earlier.

10. Martha Lee Brown (b. October 13, 1924). She married George A. Kennedy on April 7, 1947. They had a fish market at Five Points in Columbia. In 1970 their address was 920 Seminole Dr., West Columbia, S.C. They had three children.

2. Emmie Jane Brown (December 22, 1880-December 4, 1955). She married Samuel T. Fulmer. She is buried at St. Andrews churchyard in Blythewood, S.C. Children from this family are probably Miss. Gladys and Julia Fulmer, who in 1970 were living at Rt. 1, Fulmer Road, Blythewood, S.C.

3. Margaret Brown (May 22, 1882-September 5, 1927). She married James S. Lorick and is buried at the Brown cemetery in Blythewood. A child from this family is probably Frank J. Lorick, who in 1970 was living at 2006 Cokesburg Dr., Savannah, Ga.

4. Franklin William Brown (August 3, 1883-October 27, 1961). He married Jessie Alice Bird on April 25, 1914 and is buried at Sandy Level, Richland County. Franklin and Jessie had 3 children, all of whom were born in Columbia, S.C.:

1. Frances U. Brown (b. January 25, 1915). She is single and her address in Blythewood was given earlier.

2. Edwin Garland Brown (b. September 29, 1916). He married Agnes King Maner on January 5, 1944.

3. Roberta Alice Brown (b. October 19, 1918). She married Henry Thomas Jeffers on September 2, 1939.

5. James Alexander Brown (b. May 17, 1885). He married Alice E. Donaldson on October 22, 1944. They had no children and in 1970 were living at Blythewood.

6. Peter Elmo Brown (June 12, 1887-September 11, 1962). He married Nannie Bell Weir Wooten. They had no children.

7. Lenora-Effie Brown (April 13, 1889-April 28, 1894). She died as a child and is buried at the Brown cemetery in Richland County.

8. Claude B. Brown (April 22, 1891-February 28, 1937). He married Athalea Stricklin on October 30, 1920 and is buried in the Elmwood cemetery at Columbia, South Carolina. In 1970 his widow's address was 2829 Earlwood Dr., Columbia, S.C.

9. Burnie Eugene Brown (October 28, 1892-September 19, 1967). He married Ruby Hughes on September 10, 1931. They had no children and he is buried at Trinity cemetery in South Carolina. Ruby was alive in 1970.

10. Joseph Ellisor Brown (b. October 29, 1894). He never married and was still alive in 1970.

11. Russell Tompkins Brown (b. June 1, 1896). He married Margaret Trapp. A child from this marriage is probably Mrs. Byron F. Lewis, who was living at Rt. 1, Blythewood, S.C. in 1970.

12. Viola Brown (b. June 16, 1898). She married Sadler W. Clawney on November 2, 1924 and was still alive in 1970. They had one child:

1. Sadler W. Clawney (b. August 6, 1925). He is
single.

13. Edward Durham Brown (b. September 16, 1899). He married Katy Hall on May 29, 1926 and they were living in Blythewood in 1970.

14. Bessie Mae Brown (b. October 24, 1901). She married James Ray Dawkins in 1925. In 1970 they were living at 1525 Harrington St., Newberry, S.C.

15. Charlotte O. Brown (b. November 7, 1904). She married David K. Holliday on March 27, 1940. They had no children.

Appendix 1:
Descendants of Eugene B. Hogan and Elizabeth Jane Lizzie (Brown) Hogan

1. Robert Edmunds Hogan (June 18, 1882-March 18, 1904). He was born in Fairfield Co. and is buried in Sumter cemetery, Sumter, S.C. He worked in his fathers butcher shop and was a good bookkeeper. He attended Clemson University for a semester in 1899. At that time it was called Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina. He was in the "B" freshman class taking an agricultural course. The subjects taught included arithmetic, arithmetic mental, physical geography, hygiene, reading, spelling, penmanship, physics, chemistry, and nature study. He left for reasons unknown before getting any grades. He then had a short career in the army. On May 3, 1900 he enlisted at Memphsis, Tenn. to serve three years. His trade was listed as that of butcher, which he had learned from his father. He stated his age as 21 (born 1879), but actually he was 18. He was 5 ft., 4 1/2 in. tall and weighed 108 pounds. From May 5, 1900 to June 22, 1900 he was assigned to Troop D, 6th regiment of U.S. Calvary at Fort Reno, Oklahoma Territory. He was sick from May 22, 1900 until June 28, 1900. On June 18, 1900 he strained his back when moving furniture as part of his duties. He claimed that this caused curvature of the spine. On June 22, 1900 he was transferred to the Presidio, California and became a member of Troop G, 6th regiment on July 5, 1900. On July 16, 1900 he was discharged from the army at Presido, Calif. because of curvature of the spine and deficient muscular development. Ten days later on July 26, 1900 he applied for a pension. He was denied the pension because his disability was said to preexist his enlistment. This was despite his being well enough to be taken into the army.

After the army he worked as a cook at least part of the time. Two years later he went to Los Angeles, Calif. because of health reasons. He committed suicide there by inhaling illuminating gas at age 21. According to Lillie Tucker, he had called home several times saying he might take his life.^[93] He was single and left no cash or articles according to the Los Angeles coroner's record. He was his mother's oldest child and she grieved. There was an article in the Los Angeles Times (March 19, 1904), p. 7, about the death:

Accident or Suicide: Gas Poisoning Kills Young Man from South Carolina Whom Came Here for Health

W. E. Hogan, age 23 years, who came here from Sumter, S.C., a few months ago, died yesterday afternoon at the Emergency Hospital from the effect of having inhaled illuminating gas. The deceased was a cook, and after his arrival here was unable to find steady employment. He was found unconscious in his room at No. 651 Central Avenue Tuesday morning with the gas turned on. He was conveyed to the hospital where Dr. Bock attended him, but he failed to regain consciousness, and although everything possible was done for him he died. Before the Coroner had been notified the body was removed to the undertaking establishment of Garrett and Son, and there an inquest will be held today. It is not known whether the young man committed suicide or blew out the gas. The occupants of the house in which he lived are inclined to support the suicide theory.

Edmunds was the subject of another article in the same newspaper a days later on March 20, 1904, section 5, p. 12:

Hogan's Corpse Not a Chattel: Gruesome Legal Controversy of Undertakers. Proper Officials Turned Suicide's Body Over to Bressee, and Undertaker Garrett Sought to Recover It by Legal Means, Found Law was Against Him

            Disputing over a corpse, rival undertakers of this city dived furiously into law books yesterday to find out if a dead man can be legally termed a piece of property.
            This gruesome legal scrap arose over the remains of an unhappy young fellow named W. E. Hogan who was found his his room on Central avenue with the gas turned on.
            Another war of the undertakers was avoided by the discovery that the Supreme Court has held a corpse not be a chattel.
            If it isn't, what is it, then?
            This legal ruling renders pointless the famous witticism that some one "left New York a He, and came back an It." According to this, "He" was not even an "It." Perhaps a habit of thought, as the Christian Scientists have it.
            The point was raised in this case because Undertaker Garrett consulted an attorney with a view of getting out a writ of replevin to get the body away from Undertaker Bresee. It had been given to Bresee by officials in authority.
            Hogan died Friday afternoon at 4:45 o'clock at the Emergency and General Hospital, where he had been taken after the discovery of his condition in his room on Central avenue.
            His father, Eugene Hogan, in Sumter, S.C., was notified and by his instructions, the body was sent to an undertaker's to be embalmed. The doctor at the hospital sent for Garrett.
            Undertaker Garrett notified Dr. Campbell, the autopsy physician, who performed a post mortum Friday night.
            Yesterday, Deputy Coroner Summerfield received a telegram from the father, authorizing him to see to the embalming of the body. Summerfield directed that the body be removed to Bresee Bros.
            Garrett resented this bitterly, but yielded possession. Yesterday afternoon, when he learned that the law is against his bringing a replevin suit to get the corpse back from Bresee, he withdrew. The law gives the Coroner full authority over the body anyhow; he had a perfect right to take it to Bresee's. Late yesterday afternoon, a jury was impaneled to view the remains. On account of the inconvenience of the hour, the inquest was postponed until today.
            Hogan's father, not understanding the situation, and being confused by all the people who seem to want to take charge of his son's remains, has sent seven telegrams to the hospital, two or three to Garrett, some to Summerfield and goodness knows how many to Bresee.

2. Carolina "Caro" Margurite Hogan (September 17, 1884-August 7, 1958). She was born in Fairfield Co. and married Edward "Eddie" Eston Spann (b. February 10; d. December 8, 1945) about 1903. Eddie was from Greeleyville. He first had a livery stable. Then he switched to the warehouse and auction business. He dealt in tobacco, cows, pigs and similar farm produce.^[94] Eddie and Caro eloped without her father's consent. They went for a ride in the horse and buggy and kept riding until they got to the Methodist parsonage. Gene was mad. He said that if she was not worth asking for, then she was not worth having. He said he did not want her to come through his door again. Script Boyle's mother had a reception for Caro after the wedding. Later Caro wrote a letter to her sister Lillie saying she was happy except she wished her father was not mad at her. Lillie showed the letter to Gene and he wired her to come home and nothing was ever said about it again. Caro was baptized at First Baptist church, Sumter, S.C. They moved to Lake City, S.C. in 1912. She became a Methodist like Eddie's people and was active in the Woman's Society of Christian Service and the Gaskin's Home Demonstration Club. Both are buried at Lake City, S.C. They had 3 children:

1. Emeil Eston Spann (b. October 22, 1906). He was born at Sumter, S.C. and married Nelle King. In 1971 they were living in Lake City, S.C. They had one child:

1. Marinell Spann. She married Brazel Thomas Moore on September 9, 1962. In 1971 they were living at 111 Avon Lane (P.O. Box 1807), Greenville, N.C. 27834. They had 2 children, both born in Greenville (Pitt Co.), N.C.:

1. Nelle Cameile Moore (b. June 30,
1966).

2. Tanya Marie Moore (b. May 30, 1968).

2. Margarate Spann (b. August 1908). She was born at Sumter, S.C. She used to stay often with her grandparents, Gene and Lizzie, who much liked her. She became a registered nurse and died from an abortion in the 1930s.

3. Ray E. Spann (November 29, 1911-1949). He was born at Lynchburg, S.C. and married Margaret Hardy. He is buried at Lake City, S.C. Margaret as a widow lived with her mother-in-law, Caro Spann and was still alive in 1971.

3. Eugene Belton Hogan (March 11, 1886-November 13, 1928).^[95] He was born at White Plains, Anniston (Calhoun Co.), Alabama. He went to school in Laurenberg and became an architect. On March 8, 1903 he transferred his membership from the Sandy Level Baptist church to the First Baptist church in Sumter. On March 29, 1905 he transferred his membership to the First Baptist church in Columbia.^[96] When he was age 19 he married Ruby Vivian Randle (January 1, 1890-April 30,1956) on November 28, 1904 at Sumter, S.C. Ruby was age 14 when she married. She was born at Orangburg, S.C., the daughter of Michael B. Randle and Elizabeth Lowman. They eloped by Ruby climbing out of the house down a sycamore tree.

According to Eugenia (Hogan) Patakis, Eugene never drank or smoked, but cursed and had a hot temper. About the time Eugenia was born in 1906 he made an attempt on someone's life who would not pay him his wages.^[97] For this reason he and his family for a number of years had to move often to keep ahead of the law. They lived in Little Rock, Ark., then along the St. Lawrence in Canada. Other places they lived included Winnepeg, Canada and eight miles out of central Los Angeles on the trolley car at 1564 West 46th St., Los Angeles, Calif. This was a "little California bungalow." In Los Angeles they used to go to the beach at Santa Monica. Eugene Sr. finally obtained a pardon for his son from Governor Coleman L. Blease (b. 1868) of South Carolina.

Governor Blease was a lawyer, having obtained a law degree from Georgetown University. He was elected governor in 1910 and 1912. Later he was elected to the U.S. Senate. He was hated by some of the wealthy people of South Carolina, including cotton mill operators because he appealed for the vote of and was admired by many working people, including tenant farmers and factory workers. One of the reasons he was admired was that he gave out many pardons. David D. Wallace in his history of South Carolina does not have a high regard for the Governor. Wallace writes:

Governor Blease's abuse of the pardoning power was his fault most generally condemned. Pardons, paroles, commutations exceeded, it is said, 1,700 during his four years, including pardons for rapists, murderers of women, or of men defending women. But, bad as is the record, it should be remembered, first, that he pardoned many who had already served longer than law or judicial discretion would then decree; and, second, that though far the worst abuser of clemency that the state has ever seen, he was carrying to greater lengths a common abuse of American governors. It was commonly supposed that any personal friend or dispensary corruptionist was safe from punishment so long as Blease remained governor. A lucrative practice in obtaining pardons was carried on by lawyer friends of the governor, but elaborate efforts to prove the governor shared their fees completely failed.^[98]

Blease unsuccessfully opposed Benjamin Tillman for the U.S. Senate in 1914. Tillman said on September 14, 1916, that "all the tin horn gamblers, all the blind tigers, all the red light habitues, all the criminals and near criminals--all those who have been pardoned and those not yet caught--were for Blease."^[99] Besides Tillman, Lang D. Jennings, who was then mayor of Sumter, was running for senator. Eugene Jr.'s sister in law, Annie Jones Hogan, was a cousin of Jennings. Jennings used invective and ridicule against Blease. The Hogans may have voted for Jennings because he was a local boy but they might also have been among those who Tillman condemned as Bleaseites. Blease lost as many elections as he won, but he always had a solid 40 percent of the vote, the laboring people such as the Hogans and Browns for him. He opposed Woodrow Wilson for taking the U.S. into World War I and he opposed the prohibition of liquor. He baited wealthy using class and race to their disadvantage, just as they had commonly used it gain elections. Rosie Hogan Horney has a letter written in 1911 from Eugene Sr. to Eugene Jr. in California which dealt with Eugene's pardon. A copy of it is included below. Gene Sr. posted a bond for Gene Jr. and sent him money for him and his family to come home.^[100]

Later Gene Jr. and family lived at Indian Head, Md., where perhaps Gene Jr. was a member of the armed services during World War I. His widow was living at Elwell Ave in Greensboro, N.C. in 1929 and moved to Charlotte in 1930. Both Eugene and Ruby are buried at Greenhill cemetery in Greensboro, N.C. They had 7 children:

1. Eugenia Vivian Hogan (February 15, 1906-June 1975). She was born at Sumter, S.C. She married Charles "Charlie" Konstantine (Kyriakos Patakeris) Patakis (April 7, 1891-January 23, 1959) on September 24, 1929 at Richmond, Va.^[101] They lived for many years at 1575 Spring Pl., Apt. 1, Washington, D.C. Charlie worked as a cook in a restaurant. Both are buried at Fort Lincoln cemetery, Washington, D.C. They had no children.

2. Annie Elizabeth Hogan (September 17, 1907-February 2, 1968). She was born at Little Rock, Ark. She attended North Carolina College and married Clifford Delmars Davenport on November 3, 1929 at York, S.C. After her marriage she went to live at Charlotte, N.C. They celebrated their 25th wedding anniversary in 1954. The marriage ended in a divorce. She is buried at Greensboro, N.C. They had 4 children:

1. Sally Davenport (b. May 24, 1934). She attended Florida State University and married John Hugli and in 1971 was living at 2107 S.E. Eight St., Ocala, Florida 32670.

2. Lizzie Davenport (b. February 13, 1941).

3. Martha Davenport (b. June 9, 1943).

4. Gene Davenport (b. June 9, 1943).

3. Doris Lucile Hogan (June 21, 1909-June 28, 1966). She was born at Winnepeg, Canada and attended North Carolina College. She married Edward Suggs King, the son of J. J. King on June 21, 1929 at the Methodist Episcopal parsonage, Danville, Va. Rev. Winn performed the ceremony. They lived at Sedgefield. Her second husband was Utley Austin. She is buried at Sharon Memorial Park, Charlottesville, N.C. Doris and Edward had one child:

1. Joseph E. King. In 1971 he was living at 6227 Rose Valley Dr., Charlotte, N.C.

4. Lois Anglus Hogan. She was born August 25, 1913 in Los Angeles, Calif. She married Ray Palmer Craig (b. October 15, 1911) on August 18, 1933. Ray was born at Mt. Holly, N.C., the son of Robert Fulton Craig and Martha Ann (Cobb) Craig. In 1971 they were living at 22 Brittany Court, Providence Square, Charlotte, N.C. They had 3 children:

1. Barry P. Craig (b. February 1, 1940). He was born at Gastonia, N.C. and married Carol Hague on May 25, 1968.

2. Michael Fulton Craig (b. May 13, 1943). He was born at LaGrange, Ga. and married Brenda Carroll Mears on April 10, 1966 at Enfield, N.C. She was born at Rocky Mount, N.C., the daughter of James David Mears and Zenobia Anna Wheeless. Michael and Brenda were living at 3035 Hanson Dr., Charlotte, N.C. in 1971 and had one child:

1. Kelli Michelle Craig (b. January 31, 1970). She was born at Charlotte, N.C.

3. Beverly Doris Craig (b. June 6, 1946). She was born at Charlotte, N.C. and went to the school of dentistry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and is a registered dental hygienist. She married William Hunter Quick on July 3, 1969 at the First Baptist church, Charlotte, N.C. He is the son of Harwell H. Quick and is a graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

5. Barbara Wilson Hogan. She was born on July 7, 1918 at Sumter, S.C. and was baptized at Bessemer Baptist Church, Charlotte, N.C. She married James Edwin Martin on March 31, 1933 at Chester, S.C. He was the son of Leonard G. Martin and Annie Irene (Jenkins) Martin. He was baptized at St. Marks Lutheran Church in Charlotte, N.C. In 1971 they were living at 2020 Chatham Ave, Charlotte, N.C. 28205. They had 3 children:

1. James Edwin Martin (b. November 22, 1934). He was born at Charlotte, N.C. and is a lawyer. He married Margaret Wordie Abernethy on February 7, 19?. They live at 1739 Maryland Ave., Charlotte, N.C. 28209 (telephone 1-704-334-7996). They had 3 children, all of whom were born in Charlotte, N.C.:

1. James Edwin Martin (b. September 27,
1961).

2. Catherine G. Martin (December 27,
1965).

3. Margaret R. Martin (b. December 27,
1965).

2. Barbara Jane Martin (b. March 25, 1942). She was born at Fort Screven, Ga. and married Phil Howell Gordon. They live in Scranton, Pa. They have 2 children, both of whom were born at Charlotte, N.C.:

1. Philip Howell Gordon (b. February
23, 1966).

2. Sharon Allison Gordon (b. October 2,
1967).

3. John Wright Martin (b. April 16, 1947). He was born at Charlotte, N.C.

6. Eugene Belton Hogan (March 28-1921-November 18, 1959). He was born at Gastonia, N.C. and married Grace Lee McManus (b. February 19, 1925) on August 27, 1944 at Kelly Field, San Antonio, Texas. She was born at Rockhill, S.C. and is the daughter of Cletus Theodore McManus and Ethel Hegler. She and worked a clerical job. His second wife was Mary Alexander. Eugene worked many types of job for a living, including being a bank teller at Suburban Bank in Maryland in 1954. He is buried at Sardis Presbyterian church cemetery, Charlottesville, N.C. Grace's second husband was Phillip P. Elmer. In 1975 Grace was living at 7611 Anita Lane, Huntington Beach, Calif. 92647. Grace had one child by Eugene and one by Philip:

1. Eugene Belton Hogan (b. October 5, 1949). He was born at Charlotte, N.C. and married Cynthia Lee Wirkkanen on September 28, 1974.

2. John Phillip Elmer (b. February 13, 1957). He was born at Charlotte, N.C.

7. Michael Randle Hogan. He was born November 7, 1922 at Gastonia, N.C. He finished Central High School in Washington, D.C. while living with his older sister, Eugenia Patakis. He was a soldier in the Korean war and married Mary Willie Trout on May 17, 1947. Rev. J. C. Cornette performed the ceremony at Hawthorne Lane Methodist church, Charlotte, N.C. They adopted a boy and a girl. He was also married to Evelyne McNeely on June 16, 19? at the First Baptist church in Austin, Texas. In 1971 he was living at 942 Nottingham Dr., Charlotte, N.C.

4. Claude Byron Hogan (February 28, 1888-November 21, 1923).^[102] He was born at White Plains, Anniston (Calhoun Co.), Alabama. Claude was teased because his real birthday (February 29) came only on leap years. When Claude started school, his younger sister, Lillie, wanted to go also. Lillie writes of it: "So mother let me go with him, but the teacher and Mr. Edmunds asked Claude's age, 6 years. When he asked me I said 6 years as I wanted in school too. Well when asked the difference in our age my answer was just one month. Mr. Edmunds told mother and it amused him very much, but 5 years was too young."^[103] As a child Claude had rheumatic fever and along with it arthritis. This was in about the fifth grade. He had to be in bed a lot and walk on crutches. They sent him to Hot Springs, Ark. to help the rheumatism. Later Claude shaved with a strait-edged razor.^[104]

Claude married Annie Maria Jones (March 22, 1884-June 10, 1950) in 1905. They eloped. Annie did not want a big wedding. She was born and raised out in the county north of Sumter near Dalzell, S.C. Her father, Robert "Bob" Frederick Jones (April 23, 1854-August 24, 1935), smoked a corn cob pipe and had only one arm, the other having been cut off in a sawmill accident. He would sit in his rocking chair on the porch and read from his bible which he kept on a ledge. He did not speak about religion and only went to church for a few funerals. Annie's mother, Francis "Fannie" Ellen Jones (January 31, 1858-March 19, 1931) wore a bandanna around her head, had black eyes, and dipped snuff. Dipping snuff meant getting tobacco in a plug, pinching off a piece, and making a pouch in her lower lip. One type of tobacco package had an apple sticker on it and another type had a brown mule on it. Their granddaughter, Hazel would get these packages and play with them as a child. Annie Jones' father and mother would come to town (Sumter) once in a while for a visit. Annie had been quite young when she left the farm and went to the convent school (St. Joseph's) in Sumter.^[105] Then she got a job as either a clerk or a seamstress in the Sumter Dry Goods Store. Annie had a peddle sewing machine, and later made clothes for her family. One of her co-workers at the Sumter Dry Goods Store was Ellen Eden. Another was a Jewish woman named Eberhard, with whom Annie shared an apartment. In later years Annie would go to the dry goods store with her daughter and buy material from Miss. Eberhard, who was still working there. Annie was short, about 4 ft. 11 in tall.^[106] She always liked to read. She had a full day off each week. She would go to the Carnegie Public Library on Liberty St. and get an arm-load of books. She liked light fiction stories, best sellers, and adored mystery stories and Zane Grey books. Annie's sister, Bess Troublfield, who used to live with her, liked romances and read True Story, Modern Romances, True Experiences, and similar magazines. Annie and Bess would go to the movies on Saturdays, but Bess would not go often. Annie would go on Sundays too. She loved Will Rogers, Roger Lemain, Ma and Pa Kettle, and Tug Boat Annie pictures.^[107]

Claude worked as a butcher at his father's market at least until 1910. Then he took up dairy farming. This involved renting a 400 acre dairy farm on Green Swamp Road. It was on the edge of town beyond the city limits. He covered his delivery route once each day. His sons helped him early in the morning before he dropped them off at school. He had a blue-gray, horse-drawn milkwagon with "Hogan's Dairy" written on the side. The wagon was covered, with open doors at the back. The family lived at and kept the cows and bottled the milk at the farm.^[108] Claude also churned butter milk and made butter and sweet milk. He plowed with a mixed team of mules and horses, which was unusual. His daughter Rosie sometimes followed behind bare-footed in the freshly turned earth.^[109] She liked to go bare feet. The Green Swamp farm in addition to a two-story house, had a cow lot, a cow barn, a pig lot, a smoke house, chicken house, and other out buildings. For much of the time that they lived at the Green Swamp farm, Claude and Annie rented out the up-stairs to boarders. Those who lived there included Mr. Troublefield and wife. He was the brother Max Troublefield, who was Lizzie Jones Troublefield's husband. Lizzie was Annie Hogan's sister. Mrs. Strange also lived up there, as did Claude's brother, Joe Hogan and his wife, Madge and family.

Before the Green Swamp house, they had lived at several other places in Sumter, including a house at 4 Chestnut St. in 1910 and another on Corbett St. where their daughter Hazel was born in 1914.^[110] The girls walked to school, but sometimes Claude would take them in his wagon. When it was raining, Brendie, the Afro-American who worked for Claude, would pick up the children at school in the milkwagon. They would crawl in and sit on the milk crates. The driver had a roof over his head too. Besides Brendie, there were two brothers, Dave and Booker T. who helped Claude. They were also Afro-Americans.

At Green Swamp Road there was no electricity or running water. There was a hand pump by the porch to get water for the house. To water the livestock they had buckets to draw water from the well near the barn. There was also a stream of water where the livestock could drink. They had an outhouse with three seats in it. That was a big one. Most outhouses only had one or two seats. There were two refrigerators or iceboxes at Green Swamp. They were cooled by blocks of ice. One icebox was on the back porch and was where the milk was kept. However, the milk that was sold by Claude went directly from the cow to the customer each day. Another icebox was in the hall by the kitchen.

To keep warm they had a wood burning fireplace in each room in their house. Annie Hogan cooked with wood, but she also had a kerosene stove. Unlike her father- and mother-in-law, Annie could not afford to hire someone to help with the cooking or house work. Annie made biscuits and hominy grits for breakfast. At dinner, which was at noon and which was the main meal, she would often have rice and fried chicken. For supper they had left-overs. Claude and Annie liked to eat squab. Squab are fat little pigeons that fit in the palm of your hand. Claude kept a number of cages with squab in them to eat. A favorite for the children when they came home from school was hot roasted sweet potatoes, corn bread, and sweet milk. On Sundays Annie would cook up custard and Claude would churn up icecream and every one would have a feast. Annie made all the clothes for the children. They had a garden where they grew carrots, peas, and other vegetables and flowers. Their daughter Hazel had her own garden attached to the main garden. They also had mulberry and pair trees.

Annie had a horse and buggy in which she went shopping. Sometimes she would take one of the children along and the child would hold the horse while Annie shopped. Hazel did not like that job, because she was afraid the horse would run away. They also had a big old two-seat surrey with a top on it and tassels. When the family would go out to visit Annie's people during the winter, they had big lap robes and heated stones that kept them warm.^[111] Once the youngest boy, Hugh, sat on a heated stone and his pants caught on fire. About 1918 they got a Model T Ford car and drove it over to Blythewood for a visit. They stayed with Humphrey Brown's (b. 1860) family. Another time on a cold and rainy day, Claude along with daughter Hazel, who was about 5, drove over to Lake City to see Claude's sister, Caro. They went through Lynchburg, S.C., which was 19 miles from Sumter and got gas. Claude asked Hazel, "did you see me drop $5." Hazel always thought Claude gave it to Caro because times were difficult for her. Claude liked pug-nosed dogs. One of them was an all white bull dog named Dudley. Once when Hazel was 3 or 4 she climbed into the wash pot in the yard and could not get out. Dudley kept barking until some one came to pull her out. Dudley was a hero. The wash pot was a large black kettle with four legs in which they would put dirty clothes to heat over a fire in order to clean them. Hazel was too young to remember this happening, but someone told it to her later. In town Gene and Lizzie had a wash machine, but at Green Swamp Road they did it the old way.

At Green Swamp Road Claude bought an R.C.A. grapaphone. It had a label with the dog looking at the graphophone and the slogan "His Master's Voice." The graphophone was large, 4 feet high, with the speaker down below, made of dark mahogany wood, and cranked by hand. Just about every night Claude brought home a new record such as, "Yes, we have no Bananas," "Roses of Picardy," "How you going to Keep them down on the Farm after they've seen Parie."

Claude and family were mainly Baptists, although Annie had been raised a Methodist. Claude was baptized at the First Baptist church, Sumter, S.C. on April 5, 1908.^[112] The Salem Baptist church was started in 1913. It was closer to Green Swamp Road and the children would go to Sunday school there and learn bible stories. Their daughter Hazel got a free bible there for reciting chapters from the bible. She was in the first or second grade at the time. Ben Cuttino was superintendent of the Sunday school and Helen Cuttino was her teacher. They were cousins on her mother's side. Before each meal, Claude would say the following prayer:

"Good lord make us thankful for these our blessings which we are about to receive from thy bounty through Christ our Lord. Amen."^[113]

At Christmas Claude's family would go to church for a Christmas program. But the main thing as far as the kids were concerned was the shooting off of fireworks that always was part of the festivities at Christmas and New Years. Grandpa Gene especially liked to get red hot coals and shoot off fireworks. At Green Swamp they would have a holly Christmas tree, which they would go into the woods and chop down. The trees were tall and reached to the top of the ceiling, which was a high ceiling. They put silver tinsel and red and green chains on it, which they made from construction paper. The children put stockings by the chimney. That is where they got their gifts from Santa. The children did not give things to each other nor was anything given to or from the grandparents. One year Hazel had a tree in her playroom. After Christmas she was breaking off dry branches and putting them in the fire place to burn. She became frightened because it burned up quick.

During the summer, Claude and the children would go swimming next to the Green Swamp bridge that went over the creek that bordered their farm. Hazel learned to swim in the creek. Once her older brother Claude pulled her out when the water was over her head. On the Fourth of July and some of the other special days Claude's family and two or three other families would go on picnics at Pocallo. Pocallo was an Indian name. This was a park where there was picnic tables and a lake to go swimming. Sometimes they would go for a picnic at Cane Savannah, which was another place to swim. Claude liked to barbecue. He and the children would go the night before in a two-horse wagon loaded with hay and get hickory wood. They would get the fire going and the barbecue started, so it would be finished by the time of the picnic. They would put an entire hog or kid (young goat) on a metal spit which Claude made himself. The children would make houses from the hay stack. The hay was from the vines of velvet peas, which were cone-shaped and the vines grew as high as telegraph polls. The kids would also go with their class at school for a picnic to a pine grove on the road coming into Sumter to the North.

According to the Sumter criminal court records, Claude had a run in with the law in the fall of 1914. He was charged with receiving stolen property.^[114] But he was found not guilty. He was excluded from the First Baptist Church on May 23, 1910 for selling whiskey. But on January 10, 1915 he was restored. South Carolina had a "dispensary" law by which it regulated the sale of liquor and collected taxes. For years there had been corruption concerning this law. David Wallace in his history of South Carolina writes that Judge M. L. Smith in Charleston imposed small fines without imprisonment since "for 20 years violators had been taught by city authorities that they could operate underd a virtual license system."^[115] During Governor Blease's governorship (1910-1914), the laws were not well enforced. But Richard Manning (1859-1931), who was elected governor in 1914 and 1916, was strict about enforcing them. He was a wealthy Sumter farmer and banker. He did not approve of Blease.

Claude died at age 35 in 1923 from pneumonia.^[116] He was a member of the choir at church and had been to choir practice the night before he took sick. He died 8 or 10 days later. "Old" Dr. China cared for him. The family was there when he died. It was in the morning. He threw up a lot of blood and Annie said, "he is gone."^[117] Rosie ran up stairs to her room and hid in the chimney because she did not want anyone to see her crying. Claude did not smoke or drink. He liked pansies and wore them in his lapel. He was buried with one in his lapel. He was buried from the Green Swamp house. The minister stood on the stair case and preached his sermon. They sang "Beautiful Isle of Somewhere" and "A Closer Walk with Thee." Claude used to sing these songs as a member of the choir and he liked them. Rosie remembered the funeral. She and the family went in a horse and buggy and she looked back at the hearse, and told her mother, look at all the people who came to the funeral. There were people in horse and buggies behind for as far as she could see. It impressed her.^[118] The younger children did not go to the funeral. They stayed home with their aunt Caro, Claude's sister. Hazel was given a broom and they started sweeping the house and cleaning up.

Claude left 6 children, the oldest of whom was in the seventh grade. He is buried at Sumter cemetery, Sumter, S.C. After he died, the dairy business was given up because the sons were too young to run it. The children finished out their school year, then went to live with their aunts. Edmunds, Hazel, and probably the other children felt like they were being given away. Some of them adjusted better than others. Everything was sold at Green Swamp and the money was put in the Sumter Trust Co. It went broke, but every year Annie got a little money from it.^[119]

Not long after Claude's death Annie moved to Memphsis, Tenn. for a year because she was in love with a man there. According to one version of the story, he was a Baptist preacher named Mr. Pogue who had been at Salem Baptist in Sumter. He was already married. He talked Annie into liquidating the farm and farming out the children and going to Tennessee with him. After about a year, when her money ran out, he dropped her and she came back to Sumter.^[120]

After she came back to Sumter, Annie worked for a Mr. Rossheim in a grocery store. By 1930 she was working in a grocery store which was owned by Mr. Walling. She lived in an apartment above another grocery store which Mr. Walling owned at 302 Oakland Ave.^[121] By working for Mr. Walling, she got the apartment for free. Later when the other market closed down, Annie ran the corner grocery above which she was living. She liked her job, as it gave her responsibility and made her feel needed. She was proud of her work and competent at it. She married Keith Veith, who was Jewish. He had a store that sold men and women's clothing in Sumter. Keith lived in Annie's apartment. Annie and Keith eventually split up.^[122] Annie's sister Bess Troublefield lived in the apartment with her starting in the mid-1930s. She considered her profession as that of housekeeper.^[123] Bess loved to cook and fix meals. Annie would give her $15 per week. Bess liked to buy hats and dresses and went to the beauty parlor regularly to have her hair fixed. Bess would wear her nice clothes down town. Annie was raised a Methodist but attended Salem Baptist church, Sumter, S.C. even after Claude died. She did not drink alcohol, but liked to smoke Cools cigarettes and sometimes drank cokes. She liked cats and little dogs and generally had one or the other. She died from kidney cancer. Her daughter, Rosie and her sister Bess helped nurse her while she was dying. The doctor prescribed a pain killing narcotic (demirol) for her, but she would not take it. She wanted to die with a clear head. The last thing she ate was squab, which Bess broiled in butter. She liked squab and it was practically the only thing she would eat when brought home from the hospital. The day before she died, she wanted a bath: not a bed bath, but a tub bath. And she had one. She slept well the night before she died. Rosie and Bess knew the end was near when she lost control of her bowls. But they had prepared for it by putting down paper and paddings. Within 3 or 4 hours she was dead. She died at 10:00 A.M. in the morning and was buried from the Shelly-Brunson funeral home. Annie is buried at Providence church yard, Dalzel, S.C. She was buried in her blue dotted, swiss two piece dress. This is the dress that she wanted to be buried in. Rev. Eugene W. Reynolds of Salem Baptist church officiated at the funeral. She left what she owned to Bess and Rosie. She thought Mr. Walling had been paying into Social Security, but he had not.

Claude and Annie's 6 children were all born at Sumter, S.C. Dr. China handled all the births and medical problems, except for the two youngest children. By then Dr. China was getting too old to make deliveries and an Afro-American midwife, aunt Rose, did the deliveries:

1. Rosie Hogan (b. September 4, 1908).^[124] When she was born her mother had uremic poisoning and almost died.^[125] Annie was cured by putting coals or ashes under her bed and sweating the fever out of her. She had scars for the rest of her life on her back from the burns she received. The ashes were not supposed to touch the skin, but they burned through the protective covering. Because Annie was sick, Rose, the mid-wife mentioned above, nursed baby Rosie.^[126] In later years when Rosie Hogan would visit her, the wet-nurse would call Rosie her white baby.

As the oldest child, Rosie helped her mother with the chores. Rosie liked to sing at church. One of the songs was "Whispering Hope." Sometimes they had chautauquas and there would be many tents, and harps and mandolins. Rosie was an elf in one play. One time she had a pony. The night her sister Hazel was born on January 1, 1914, Rosie had chicken pox. Later Rosie and her sister shared a bedroom, first on the first floor at Green Swamp Rd., later on the second floor. Her father died in 1923 when she was in the 7th grade. When she went back to school the following week, the kids asked her where she had been. She started crying when she said her father had died. After she finished out the school year, she went to live with her aunt, Lillie Hogan Tucker in Maxton, N.C. At Maxton High School Rosie acted the part of a maid on May 30, 1927 in a play called "Sauce for the Goslings." She was the president and a charter member of the Morrison Literary Society that was organized at Maxton High School in her senior year.

After high school Rosie worked and took training at the Eastern North Carolina Sanitorium Hospital in Wilson, N.C. Then she came to Sumter and lived with her mother for a time. She married Robert "Bob" E. Conyers on June 17, 1934 at the home of Rev. W. C. Moore, D.D. of the First Baptist church, Sumter, S.C. Rosie and Bob lived on Church St., Sumter. Then they were divorced.^[127] Later she enlisted in the army on March 13, 1943. She first went to Camp Oglethorpe, Georgia for basic training. Then she went to Camp Kilmer in New Jersey in 1943 and 1944. She was at Camp Shanks, New York in June 1944. In 1945 she was discharged and went to New Mexico to work for Dr. Thomas B. Morgan. In 1949 she came to San Ysidro and lived at 202 1/2 San Ysidro Blvd. and some other addresses for a number of years. She worked as a practical nurse. Then in 1951 she re-enlisted and learned to be a medical technician at Fort Sam Houston, Texas.

After the army Rosie she went back to New Mexico and worked as a doctors assistant. She married Clarence C. ("C.C.") Marical (b. January 21, 1890 at Ash Grove, Missouri), who had a farm bordering the Rio Grande River near Bernalillo (Albuquerque) N.M. The following newspaper clipping, "Aroused Housewife Nails Prowling Bobcat," taken from the December 5, 1956 (1957-1960?) Albuquerque newspaper, describes one of her adventures:

Warning to prowling bobcats with a taste for turkey: Don't mess around Mrs. C. C. Marical's flock on the ranch southwest of Alameda

One big fellow did this morning and ran smack into Mrs. Marical. He went to the taxidermist this afternoon. Mrs. Marical, a soft-spoken South Carolina native, said it happened like this:

About 6:45 a.m. today she went out--still in her pajamas--to feed her turkeys, geese and ducks. When she got to the pen there was the bobcat, only five feet away. Mrs. Marcial let out a war-whoop for her husband to get out of bed. "But he didn't, right away." she said. "So I ran in the house and grabbed a .22 rifle." She said: "I winged him with that."

The bobcat took a powder--fast. About that time mr. Marcial came out, carrying a 38-40 rifle. But Mrs. Marical wasn't waiting for him to do the job; she grabbed the rifle and followed the "crittur." Down in the alfalfa field she got a bead on him in his tracks. Altogether she trailed him about a quarter of a mile. The cat weighed in at 23 1/4 pounds and measured 3 feet long and 20 inches high. Mrs. Marical's only previous successful experience in hunting was back in South Carolina as a child where she used to hunt quail. She went deer hunting for the first time the past season but didn't get a thing. But this time Mrs. Marical (who weights only 125 pounds) was mad. Only yesterday that bobcat visited her pen and killed two baby turkeys.

When C.C. died Rosie married Ray Horney, whom she had met when she was in the service. Rosie and Ray lived for 30 years on a farm near Bowen, Ill. They raised hogs and cows for market. The hybrid corn there grows 10 feet high. The soy bean fields stretch from one horizon to the other. They also had horses and chickens. She now lives at the Veterans Homes in Quincy, Ill. Besides farming, Ray was in the army and worked as a machinist for Chrysler, as a seaman on the Great Lakes, and as a worker at a Made-rite restaurant. He always has some hunting dogs. He says that when hunting season starts, his vacation starts. He fishes for bass and catfish along the Mississippi River, which runs not far from Bowen, and in the ponds around Bowen. A letter (Saturday, November 29, 1969) from Rosie gives a picture of their farm life at harvest time:

Outside the "Big Boy" (the 806 Diesel tractor) is singing a nice tune. It's just 6:00 a.m. and Ray has been in the field since 5:30 a.m. plowing with a 5 bottom plow he borrowed from Morton Seed Co. day before yesterday. The best time for turning that wet black soil is early in the A.M. and at night. He can plow faster at these times. During the day the soil absorbs the moisture out of the air and he goes like a snail and also, during the day light the corn stalks are so wet until every few feet he has to get off the tractor to take the "little fellows" (stalks) out of the plows. He picked over the 70 acres and only got two wagon loads for his picket fence bin. The corn was insured with the Federal Crop. The adjuster gave him 75%. Charlie, the president of the Bank got all but $88.26. This time last year we were in "hock" to him for over $27,000. We still owe him $6,000 plus interest. Not bad, eh??? The beans made less than 10 bushels to the acre. The monies got from them will go to the man that columbined. He still has 18 acres that has to be columbined but he's talking about turning the hogs into the field. But then the beans werent planted until July 26 and they had to be in the ground by June 30 in order to get the insurance on them. . .

Ray has been quail hunting and we have a few in the freezer. Soon as he gets through with his plowing he will go again. Both of his bird dogs dog him all the time. They want to go again. He hasn't been all this week. Its time for me to dress and get my chores done and Ray's also. Water the fat hogs south of the barn and toss some ear corn to the 35 sows and gilts. The fat hogs ate up the float in the big water tank and the insides of the tank.

2. Claude Byron Hogan (December 18, 1909-September 23, 1950). He went to S. H. Edmunds High School in Sumter, but did not graduate. He worked for a plumber and lived at the YMCA in Sumter in the early 1930s. He had a problem with alcohol. He married a woman at Roanoke Rapids, Virginia. He was in the army at Fort Bragg, N.C. in artillery. He was stationed in the New Hebrides Island and won a purple heart (authorized par. G06, Hq. 114th Gen. Hosp. Jan. 27, 1945, authorized April 25, 1947). While overseas he contracted elephantiasis. He was living at 2901 N.W. North River Dr., Miami, Fla. when he died from jaundice and the effects of elephantitis and alcoholism at the Veterans Hospital. His liver is said to have turned to stone. It was a bad way to go. His brother Adjer was his guardian. He is buried at Bay Pines cemetery, Bay Pines (Corral Gables), Florida.^[128]

3. Robert Edmunds Hogan (November 2, 1911-March 14, 1940). Both he and his sister, Hazel, were legally adopted by their mother's brother, Charles "Charlie" Jones, and his wife, Clyde Weldon. Charlie kept a letter from Annie stating that signing over her children was the hardest thing she ever did. Charlie kept another letter from Edmunds to Hazel, in which Edmunds was bitter towards his mother for what she had done to the family in splitting it up and giving away the children to different relatives. Hazel Hogan Terrar was given these letters about 1987 by Charlie's daughter, Lena (Jones) Hill. Hazel got rid of them. She did not like the contents.

At any rate after his father died, Edmunds went to live with Charlie and family at Dalzel, S.C. He attended Hillcrest High in Dalzel for a while. About 1930 when he was in the 10th or 11th grade, he ran away to Sumter because of differences he had with Charlie. He lived with his mother in her apartment over Mr. Wallings store. He finished school at Edmunds High School. Then he joined the army and took a course at Walter Reed Army hospital to be an x-ray technician. He became a staff sergeant for a medical detachment with responsibility for sick and wounded personnel at the hospital barracks, Fort Banks, Winthrop, near Boston, Mass. He came down to Sumter to visit some times. He and his sister Hazel went to visit Henry McKnight, an Afro-American who had a good job and owned a big car.^[129] Another Afro-American they visited was Aunt Ella, who had lived in New York, and Aunt Helen, who had the store on Green Swamp Road. Edmunds married Cora Mabel Emery (1919-May 9, 1946) on June 19, 1939 at 174 Lexington St., Boston, Mass. Philip E. Anthes, a clergyman performed the ceremony. Cora was the daughter of Rufus B. Emery, who was born at Trout Creek, Oregon and Effie M. Saunders, who was born at Hancock, Maine. Edmunds and Cora lived at 14 Cliff St., Malden, Mass. Edmunds had met Cora while he was serving in Panama for a time.^[130] Within a year of his marrying Cora, according to the death certificate, he committed suicide with sodium cyanide poison. He is buried at Winthrop (Suffolk Co.) Mass. Later Cora Mabel married Elbert L. Duncan on November 26, 1943 at 449 Broadway, Everette Mass. John B. Boudreau performed the ceremony. Elbert Duncan was born at Oakhill, W. Va. and in the Navy at the time of the marriage. Cora died at the Boston Sanatorium, Boston, Mass. and is buried at Woodlawn cemetery, Everette, Mass.

4. Hazel Hogan (b. January 1, 1914). She was born at night according to her older sister, Rosie. She has red hair, which she may have inherited from her grandfather Gene Hogan, or from her great grandmother, Margaret Crankfield Hogan's family.^[131] At the Green Swamp Road house, Hazel first slept in the bedroom with her parents. When her brothers were born, she and Rosie shared a room next to their parents. Later they shared a room on the second floor which Hazel had earlier used as a playroom. She made the furniture in her playroom herself. She would get her pick from the lumber that her dad would get from the saw mill. He got scraps that were too large or small or that were otherwise unusable and made use of it at Green Swamp. From the lumber, using a hammer, saw, and nails, she made tables and stools. She had an old oven in the playroom which looked like a stove. There was a big box in the middle of the room, which she used as a table. There was a cot by the side of the room, on which she put her dolls to bed. She would sew clothes for her dolls on her mothers pedal sewing machine. Outside the window was the top of the veranda. From there she could crawl down the apple tree. This allowed her to leave and come into the house without having to go through the door. She would put in her oven as a safe keeping place the candy that was given to her. On holidays, Aunt Helen who kept the store across the road would give Hazel a nickle bag of candy. Hazel got annoyed when her younger brothers Adjer and Hugh fooled around with her things because they were not interested in dolls or making furniture. On Hazel's birthday, which was on New Year's day, Annie, her mother, would have a birthday dinner for her but no party. Annie would make cake with chocolate icing.

Besides the playroom, there was a play yard at the Green Swamp house. It had a flying jenny, a jogging board, and swings. Claude made the flying jenny. He put a piece of wood in the ground and a board on top of it and the children were pushed on the board around it.

When Hazel started school she was on a year-long visit to her grandparents, Gene and Lizzie Hogan on N. Salem St. The school was a private one run by Miss. Eloise Wilson. It was on Broad St. in a building in Miss Eloise's backyard. That is, it was around the corner and down the street several blocks from Hazel's grandparents. After one-half year, when she got to be 6 (after January 1, 1920), she went to the first grade, which was taught by Grace Randal. In the next year she went to the advanced first grade, which was taught by Miss Abel B. Ryan.

Hazel and family attended the Salem Baptist church. She won a free bible there for memorizing 4 psalms from the bible.^[132] These were:

Psalm 23:

            The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want.
            He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters.
            He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake.
            Yea, thought I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.
            Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over.
            Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever.

Psalm 100:

            Make a joyful noise unto the Lord, all ye lands.
            Serve the Lord with gladness: come before his presence with singing.
            Know ye that the Lord he is God: it is he that hath made us, and not we ourselves; we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture.
            Enter into his gates with thanksgiving, and into his courts with praise: be thankful unto him, and bless his name.
            For the Lord is good; his mercy is everlasting; and his truth endureth to all generations.

Psalm 1:

            Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful.
            But his delight is in the law of the Lord; and in his law doth he meditate day and night.
            And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth from his fruit in his season; his leaf also shall not wither; and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper.
            The ungodly are not so: but are like the chaff which the wind driveth away.
            Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous.
            For the Lord knoweth the way of the righteous: but the way of the ungodly shall perish.

Psalm 24:

            The earth is the Lord's and the fullness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein.
            For he hath founded it upon the seas, and established it upon the floods.
            Who shall ascend into the hill of the Lord? or who shall stand in his holy place?
            He that hath clean hands, and a pure heart; who hath not lifted up his soul unto vanity, nor sworn deceitfully.
            He shall receive the blessing from the Lord, and righteousness from the God of his salvation.
            This is the generation of them that seek him, that seek thy face, O Jacob. Selah.
            Lift up your heads,O ye gates; and be ye lifted up, ye everlasting doors; and the King of glory shall come in.
            Who is this King of glory? The Lord strong and mighty, the Lord mighty in battle.
            Lift up your heads, O ye gates: even lift them up, ye everlasting doors: and the King of glory shall come in.
            Who is this King of glory: The lord of hosts, he is the King of glory. Selah.

After her father died, Hazel went to live with her uncle Charlie Jones' family in the country near Dalzell. Some times she rode a horse (bareback or otherwise) named Old Dan. She attended Hillcrest High School. On their road was the Horeb Baptist church and the Providence Methodist church. The Jones were Methodist. Clyde Weldon Jones, who was Charlie's wife, played the organ for the congregation. She played by ear, as she did not read music. Lena Jones Hill, one of Clyde and Charlie's daughters writes about hearing a recording of "The Golden Bells":

I had some moments of real homesickness. In my "mind's eye" I could see mama very plainly, singing, doing household chores. I feel sure those old hymns Mama sang so lustily got her thru many difficult times. Several of the hymns are hymns we sang at Providence church, with Mama being the "lead" singer.^[133]

Since there were only 3 or 4 families (about 20 people) that came to services at Providence, Rev. Cooke, the preacher only came every other Sunday. He lived in a parish house at Rembert. Sometimes they would have a communion service. They drank grape juice in a little cup. They passed a plate for donations. Horeb's minister also came only on alternative weeks. So the people would go to Providence one week and to Horeb the next week. Not every one went to both churches, but some did. Several of Charlie's daughters (Lena and Aileen) regularly played the organ at the Baptist church for the congregation, but the girls were not permitted by the Baptists to go to communion. Before each meal, Charlie would say the following prayer: "Lord make us thankful for these our blessings which we are about to receive through christ our Lord. Amen."

In the summer before she left high school, Hazel worked on Saturdays in a little store up the road from where she lived. She worked from 10:00 to 6:00 and made $1. They sold goods such as peas, corn, canned goods, ribbons, and shoe strings. Hazel went to the senior reception with Elias Morris, the brother of Lillie Morris. He later went to the Citadel. Hazel had bought a formal dress with money she saved in the bank. It was taffeta, long, orchid (purple) in color.^[134] After high school she worked for a year in Sumter and lived with her mother at 302 Oakland Ave, the apartment above Mr. Walling's grocery store. Sometimes she would fill in for the regular worker at Mr. Veith's clothing store. On weekends she would work at J. C. Penny's on Main St. She worked on a commission and sometimes made less than $1 per day. This was about the time Herbert Hoover was president. When he came in, the people thought he was great. When he left they thought he was bad. Hazel's uncle, Fred Jones, who was a sheriff in St. Andrews, S.C. He would come for a visit on his police motorcycle. Once he took Hazel and Rosie out to Dalzel to visit their grandfather (Poppa Jones) on the motorcycle. It was after Poppa's wife had died and he was living by himself. Hazel rode on the back, Rosie on the front. It was cold. After a year in Sumter Hazel went off to Newport, Rhode Island to work in a hospital and became a registered nurse. Her brother Edmunds was stationed near there and told her about the hospital and the school of nursing attached to it. Edmunds and his girl friend met Hazel at the New York City train station when she first came up from Sumter. They stayed at a hotel in New York City. They told the inn keeper that they were brother and sister, but they were forced to take separate rooms anyway.

Hazel served as a nurse in the Navy during World War II. She married Edward Francis Terrar on September 3, 1943 at Coronado (San Diego), Calif. Rev. John Purcell performed the ceremony. Edward was born in Coffeyville, Kansas, the son Edward Luther Terrar and Margaret May Gergen. They had two sons:

1. Edward Francis "Toby" Terrar (b. June 29, 1944). He was born at the Naval hospital in San Diego, Calif. He was baptized on July 16, 1944 at St. Martins, La Mesa, Calif with godparents Estelle Hunt and John Donlon. Toby is a criminal defense lawyer in Washington, D.C.

2. David Byron Terrar (b. January 4, 1946). He was born at Coffeyville, Kansas and was baptized February 15, 1946 at Holy Name church, Coffeyville, Kansas. His godparents were Richard Liebert and Rose Mary (Terrar) Foster. David served in the Army from 1968 to 1972 at Sinop, Turkey, Fort Dix, New Jersey, Fort Belvoir, and Edgewood Arsenal. He received the army commendation medal, good conduct medal and Vietnam era service medal. He works in personnel. He married Celine Roy (September 26, 1947) on December 21, 1970 at St. Remi Eglise, Lac-aux Sables, Pontneuf, Quebec. Celine was born at Lac-aux Sables, Quebec, Canada, the daughter of Joseph "Joe" Roy and Annette Beaupre. Celine works at a preschool. They have 2 children:

1. Antoine David Terrar (b. December 10, 1977). He was born in San Francisco, Calif. and baptized on June 20, 1978 St. Paul, Grand-Mere, Quebec, Canada. His godparents are Margariate "Maggie" and Paul Roy.

2. Alexia Marie Terrar (b. August 17, 1983). She was born in Pittsburg, Pa. and baptized at St. Louise de Marillac, Pittsburg, Pa. Her godparents are Hazel and Edward Terrar.

5. Hugh Wilbur Hogan (b. July 3, 1917). When Hugh was a boy at the Green Swamp house, he would ride a horse bareback with his short legs hanging down to the mailbox on Green Swamp road each day to get the mail. The house was a block or so back from the road. He would get on and off the horse by using the fence. He would make the horse go fast and Helen, the Afro-American who had the store across the road, would laugh at the sight. After his father died, Hugh lived with his his mother, Annie, and then with his grandparents on his mother's side, Robert F. and Francis Ellen Jones (Poppa and Mammy) in Dalzel, S.C. He also lived with his uncle, Fred Jones (1904-1956), who was a sheriff in St.Andrews, S.C. Fred rode a police motorcycle and that is where Hugh may have learned to like them. Hugh had a 1933, model 74 Harley Davidson which he bought for $600 on installments. It could go 90 mph. Some times he rode it standing on his head. He needed to have it perfectly balanced to do that. He never wrecked it. Later Hugh joined the Navy and was a Seabee. His trade was electrician. He married Elinor Hancock and they had a child. Part of the time the child lived with Hugh's older sister, Rosie and her husband, Bob Conyers. This was because Elinor and Hugh were not getting. After things got patched up, the child went back with them, but it got run over by a bread truck and died. When Hugh went to Guam with the Navy, Elinor divorced him. Later he married Rose. They live at 4208 St. Francis Circle, Jacksonville, Florida 32210. His children by Elinor and Rose are:

1. Hugh Wilbur Hogan (October 7, 1939-May 3, 1942). He was born at Sumter, S.C. and is buried in the Hancock lot of the Sumter cemetery, Sumter, S.C.

2. Charlene Hogan. She married Lamar Roth. They had one child:

1. Amber Roth.

3. Gregory "Greg" Hogan.

6. Adjer Brunner Hogan (October 18, 1919-May 16, 1990). He married Kathryn Louise Ley (b. June 21, 1922). Later he married Margaret Eubanks (b. June 22, 1915). Then he married Opel Sparks (b. December 9, 1919). Earlier Opel had been married to Willard Dow Ley. Adjer is buried at Middleburg, Florida. Opel lives at 3793 County Road 218, apt. 18, Middleburg, Fla. 32068. Adjer had one child by Kathryn and 3 step-children by Opel:

1. Kathryn Louise Hogan (b. June 19, 1940). She was born at Miami, Fla. She was baptized at the University Christian church, Hyattsville, Md. She married Jack Alen Kinner (b. February 16, 1933) on June 18, 1960 at Mt. Rainier Christian church, Mt. Rainier, Md. (Washington, D.C.). He was baptized on Easter Sunday, April, 1945 at Mt. Rainier Christian, Mt. Rainier, Md. His parents were Harold Clayton Kinner and Bertha Gladys Venning. In 1971 Kathryn and Jack were living at 3621 Merrydale Dr., Upper Marlboro, Md. 20810. They had 4 children:

1. Alan Ley Kinner (b. July 3, 1962). He was born at Cheverly (Prince Georges Co.), Md.

2. Marc Thomas Kinner (b. June 21, 1964). He was born at Cheverly, Md.

3. Larissa Louise Kinner (b. December 12, 1969). She was born in Washington, D.C. She was adopted.

4. Jon Matthew Kinner (b. March 29, 1970). He was born at Cheverly, Md.

2. Willard Dow Ley (b. October 21, 1938).

3. James Robert Ley (b. July 26, 1956).

4. Timothy Brett Ley (b. March 11, 1958).

5. Lillian "Lillie" Esther Hogan (March 28, 1889-January 3, 1979).^[135] She was born at White Plains, Anniston (Calhoun Co.), Alabama. When she was 3 years old the family moved to Sumter. They came on the train and Lillie remembered going through a tunnel. She first went to school at the Sumter Institute. Then she went to graded school, then to the convent school for a few years, and then to the Sumter Military Academy. Both boys and girls went to the academy. They had uniforms. Lillie was baptized at age 12 at the First Baptist church, Sumter, S.C. on July 7, 1901 by Rev. C.C. Brown. She liked to sing at church. Sometimes she and the family would go to the state fair in Columbia. They had carnivals in Sumter and once Lillie and her sister Caro got stuck in the top seat on the ferris wheel. It scared them. Each summer when she was growing up she would go over to Blythewood to visit her cousins. She would go on the train. Once she went in a carriage, but she did not like that because she was afraid of driving into a pond of water. In the Salem St. house, Billy and Kitty Brown had the bedroom across the dining room-hall from Lillie. The piano was next to their room. Lillie would play the piano for company, including her boy friends. Billy and Kitty went to bed at 9:00 p.m. When Billy dropped his shoes, that was the signal to stop playing the piano and for the boys to go home. Billy told them that if you do not leave now, you will not be able to return.

Six men asked Lillie to marry them. Only one kissed her and her mother saw it. Lillie married Luther "Monkey" Jefferson Tucker (July 8, 1880-February 19, 1977) on November 6, 1905 at the First Baptist church, Sumter, S.C. He was the one who kissed her. Lillie's mother had said that if a man kissed her, he would not marry her. Lillie and Monkey met at the Sumter Military Academy. Monkey liked to play baseball. He would send her crates of oranges and strawberries. She was 16 when she married. Kitty Brown told her granddaughter Lillie that if she would wait until she was 20 to marry, she would not even spit on Monkey. Billy Brown refused to go to the marriage ceremony. Monkey and Lillie lived together 71 years. Monkey was born at Wartown, N.C., the son of Charles Nancy Tucker and Francis Augustus. Lillie asked Monkey where they would live. He said with his parents. She said no indeed. Her sister Caro had lived with her husband Eddie's people for a long time, and it was not easy. After marrying, they went to Washington D.C. on their honeymoon. Monkey first made his living by working on the Coast Line Rail Road at Willmington, N.C. Then they lived at Fairbluff, N.C. Monkey took up the butcher trade and kept a meat market at Mullins, N.C. He came to Maxton because there was no meat market there. Monkey would go out into the country, buy a cow, butcher it, and carry it back in his model T Ford with the roof down. Sometimes he would take the children along. He also made barbecue meat, worked as a painter and did odd jobs. He was a Republican and with the help of his brother, Ervin Tucker, got the job of postmaster for Maxton from 1922 to 1935 in the administrations of Warren Harding, Calvin Coolege, and Herbert Hoover. But on the weekends Monkey continued to run his meat market. Sometimes Lillie and family would ride on the train down to Sumter to visit their people there. During the summer Monkey, Lillie, and the family liked to go camping down by the river.

Lillie liked to write poetry. She wrote "A Dream" on May 28, 1940:

I'm going down the stream of time,
zig zaging on a crowed line
Wandering for what is not.
The real cause I've plain forgot.
Maybe in the years to come
Do it up in a little sum
Heaven is the only place
To be there I pray, by His Grace.^[136]

Monkey and Lillie took in many of their relatives when times were bad. Rosie and Adjer Hogan, whose father Claude Byron Hogan died in 1923 found a home with them. John "Johnie" Thomas and William Brown Hogan lived there when their father, John "Joe Tom" Thomas Hogan (grandson of Billy Brown) died in 1929. Lillie's mother, Lizzie Brown Hogan Mills went to live with them about 1932 when her second husband died. At the time Lillie's mother died, Monkey had rocky mountain fever and Lillie was so busy taking care of him, she did not cry for her mother. But 4 weeks later she did. Besides permanent additions, Lillie and Monkey had shorter term visitors. When her brother Gene and his family of 7 or 8 would visit, the children would sleep on the dining room floor. Lillie would bake white bread in loaves. She made great biscuits.

Lillie and Monkey were members of the First Baptist of Maxton. One of the stained glass windows there at the church has the names of Eugene Belton Hogan and Elizabeth Jane Brown in it. The church had a special celebration for Lillie and Monkey when they celebrated their 70th wedding anniversary on November 6, 1975. Lillie died at Atlanta, Ga. where she was living with her daughter Elise toward the end of her life. Both Lillie and Monkey are buried at Oak Grove Cemetery, Maxton, N.C. They had 3 children:

1. Elise Klaudia "Leace" Tucker (b. September 1, 1906). She was born in Sumter, S.C. She was named after Elise White, whom her uncle Claude had been dating, but ended up not marrying. One time as a child she and her cousin Edmunds Hogan were exploring a stream. When they found the source, they called it the Double E Springs, because both their names began with E. Elise likes to write poetry. In 1933 she published a book called Fragments from Verseland. One of the poems is "Living the Life," written August 22, 1927:

In this world we have only one life to live
Whether grievous, sincere, or true,
and too, we each have a gift to give
Tho' our talents sometime seem few.

A specific aim our life should bring
to love, to cherish, and bless,
Our talents we should use for the greater thing
Not merely to adhere to the less.

Christ directs the path of the infinite mind
And our feet to paths of light,
The Golden road he wants us to find
And do the things that are right.

To live a life of joy and love
We must pure and unselfish be,
Cleansed from sin by the one above
And prepare for eternity.

In the 1930s Leace worked at the psychiatric state hospital in Raleigh, N.C. Later she was a secretary for the Graniteville company in Atlanta, Georgia. She used to ride to work on a bicycle. She plays the piano and organ in the Baptist church.

2. William "Billy" Brown Tucker (b. May 7, 1912). He was born at Mullins, S.C. He had a pet squirrel that slept in bed with him. But once he rolled over and the squirrel was crushed. Billy married Mary Irene Berry on August 9, 1936. In 1971 they were living in Hapeville, Ga. They had one son:
1. Belton Brown Tucker (b. April 27, 1939). He married Alice Trent (b. October 7, 1943) on June 5, 1959. They had 2 children:

1. Angela Lynn Tucker (b. April 19,
1962).

2. Rosemary Elise (b. May 26, 1965).

3. Earl Houston Tucker (b. October 13, 1916). He was born at Maxton, N.C. During World War II he served in the 94th Airborne Squadron. In 1943 he was stationed at Pyote, Texas. He married Bernice Koch on August 25, 1940. In 1971 they were living in Addison, Ill. They had 3 children:

1. Patricia Gaile Tucker (b. June 15, 1943). She married Russell Peterson on June 29, 1963. In 1971 they were living in Atlanta, Ga.

2. Barbara Elizabeth Tucker (b. May 6, 1949). She married Charles Alan Wilson on October 14, 1967.

3. Pamela Maureen Tucker (b. November 20,
1954).

6. John "Joe Tom" Thomas Hogan (October 3, 1891-January 15, 1929).^[137] He was born in Sumter, S.C. He learned the butchering trade from his father and worked in his father's butcher shop. He went to college at Edgefield, S.C. and later served in World War I in the army.^_ He was a private in Co. G, 60th Infantry. He married Margarite "Madge" Gurney (1897-September 1, 1967) about 1919. She was born at Union, N.C. When they met she was living near the Hogan Market where Joe was working. They lived for a to time with Claude Hogan's family at Green Swamp Road in Sumter, S.C. When Madge was pregnant with her first child, her mother-in-law, Lizzie Hogan did not believe it. Madge had the child in the middle of the night with no one to help her. Lizzie and Madge did not get along very well. Joe died at the Oteen T.B. Hospital in Ashville, N.C. of far advanced chronic tuberculosis and veronal poisoning self-administered.^_ They took him away to Oteen around Christmas. Before they took him, he was sick at home for a long time. This was at 1802 High St., Charlotte, N.C. His 7 year-old daughter Margarite liked to play with his cigarette lighter. Once it caught on fire while he was asleep and she threw it into the fire place. When he woke up and asked for it, she told him she did not know what became of it. After Joe died Madge raised the family by running a boarding house. Eventually she married Joseph Campbell in 1946. He was a barber. Both Joe and Madge are buried at Shilo cemetery, Charlotte, N.C. Joe and Madge had 4 children:

1. John "Johnie" Thomas Hogan (March 18, 1918-1952). He was born at Wingate, N.C. He was about 2 or 3 years old in 1921 when he visited Claude Hogan's family about the time his sister Margarite Hogan was born. He called the refrigerator the pugerator. When his father died in 1929, he went to live with Lillie (Hogan) Tucker's family. He married a woman named Betty. He is buried at Shilo cemetery, Charlotte, N.C. Betty went to live in Columbia, S.C. after Johnie's death. They had twin children:

1. Patricia Hogan.

2. Patrick Hogan. In 1971 he was in the
navy.

2. Margarite Elizabeth Hogan (b. July 19, 1921). She was born at Charlotte, N.C. or perhaps at Sumter, S.C. Madge was not producing enough milk to nourish her baby, who almost died. According to Hazel Hogan Terrar, Madge and baby were staying out at Claude Hogan's Green Swamp Rd. house and Annie and Rosie Hogan helped care for them. Margarite liked to dance and sing. Once she went to a theater in Charlotte where there was a chorus line. She stayed a long time learning the dances. Madge was worried and called the theater and then met Margarite when she got off the trolley. When she was about 18 Margarite went to Dayton, Ohio where she worked in a drug store for about $12 per week. She met James "Jim" P. Fristoe and married him on February 12, 1950. He was from Washington, D.C., where his parents sold real estate. He was a colonel in the military. Now he is retired and lives at St. Michaels on the Eastern shore of Maryland. Later Margarite married Robert Todd Lincoln "Bob" Beckwith, who was the last living descendant of Abraham Lincoln. Her address is 3518 Hamlet Place, Chevy Chase, Md. 20015. In religion she is close to the Jehovah Witnesses. James and Margarite had one child:

1. Lenore Fristoe (b. April 5, 1959). She was born in Washington, D.C. She married a man named John. They live on a farm near Williamsburg, Va. They have 3 children:

1. Elizabeth.

2. a girl.

3. a boy.

3. Charles Edward Hogan (September 21, 1922-1967?). He was born at Charlotte, N.C. When his father died in 1929, he went to live with Charley Brown in Hamlet, N.C. He married a woman named Laura. In 1971 she was living at 1321 Mockinbird Ave, Charlotte, N.C. 28209. He worked as a typesetter for the Observer Printing Co. Laura worked for Bell Telephone Co. He died of a stroke at age 45. They had 2 children:

1. Michael Hogan (b. 1946). He was in the navy and was killed in Viet Nam.

2. Pamela Hogan St. Clair. She has 2 children and is studying to be a nurse. She lives at 17212 McKee Rd., Charlotte, N.C. 28278.

4. William "Billy" Brown Hogan (October 13, 1926-1988). He was born at Charlotte, N.C. and went to live with Lillie Hogan Tucker when his father died in 1929. He was in the navy and married Patsy Ann Funderburk (b. February 17, 1932) at Rockville, Md. She was born at Jefferson, S.C. Her father was Hazel Funderburk. During World War II Billy served in the army on Guam. In 1971 Billy and Patsy were living at 1425 South 24th Terrace, Hollywood, Fla. 33020. Billy died at the Veterans hospital in Columbia, S.C. He may have been married a second time to a widow of someone killed in an airplane crash and a third time to a German woman whom he brought back as a war-bride. Patsy and Billy had 4 children:

1. Kathy Hogan (b. September 11, 1956). She was born at Santa Monica, Calif.

2. Timothy Hazel Hogan (b. February 8, 1959). He was born at Monroe, N.C.

3. William Jackson "Jackie" Hogan (b. February 6, 1961). He was born at Camden, S.C.

4. William Randolph "Randy" Hogan (February 4, 1962). He was born at Charlotte, N.C.

Appendix 2:
The Service Record of Peter Brown (1835-1864) and Anthony Brown (1840-1893) during the Civil War

Peter Brown (1835-1864) and his younger brother Anthony Brown (1840-1893) served as privates in Company D (later Company G), 6th Regiment, South Carolina Infantry, during the Civil War.^[140] Initially, the regiment was under Colonel James H. Rion and Lieutenant Colonel A. J. Secrest. Peter and Anthony's company (the Boyd Guards) was one of the components of the 6th regiment. Their company was under Captain J. N. Shedd and Captain J. M. Phinney. Peter was 24 and Anthony was 21 at the time they enlisted at Winnsboro, S.C. on April 11, 1861 to serve for 12 months.^[141] Cavalry soldiers were paid $12 per month. Infantry may have been paid less. The service record of Peter and Anthony included the following: In June 1861 the brothers, as part of the 6th regiment, went to Virginia. Lieutenant Colonel A. J. Secrest was in command of the regiment, as Colonel Rion resigned his command that month. The 6th Regiment was (or became) part of the 2nd Brigade of General James Longstreet's (1821-1904) Division, who was from Edgefield, S.C. In command of the 2nd Brigade under Longstreet was General R. H. Anderson. Longstreet's division for at least part of the war was the First Corps (I Corps) of the Army of Northern Virginia. The II Corps was commanded by Stonewall Jackson until his death, when he was replaced by Ewell. The III Corps was under A.P. Hill. It is useful to outline the command structure:

                        company                                  = 80-125 soldiers under a captain
                        regiment or legion             = 10 companies (800-1,250 soldiers)
                                                                            under a colonel
                        brigade                                     = 2, 3 or 4 regiments (about 2,200
                                                                            soldiers) under a general
                        division                         = 4 brigades (8,800 soldiers) under
                                                                            a major general

On December 11, 1861 both Peter and Anthony were on the rolls as sick and in the hospital.^[142] About a week later on December 20, 1861 their regiment had a part in the battle of Dranesville, in which General J.E.B. Stuart had an important role.^[143] In that engagement the 6th Regiment had 18 of its members killed and 45 wounded.^[144] Peter and Anthony re-enlisted on April 11, 1862 at Louisa Court House, Virginia. It was at this time that John Bratton became the regiment's colonel, James M. Steadman became the lieutenant-colonel, and Edward C. McLure was the major. One report of Bratton states "he was a quiet country gentleman and planter, without the slightest military education or experience, who in all probability had never seen a regiment maneuvered or a thousand men in ranks."^[145] He never the less seems to have done a good job.

The Peninsular campaign (May - August, 1862 was the first major engagement in which the Browns took part. The federal troops under McClellan with 112,000 troops sought to take Richmond, the confederate capital. The federals attacked up the peninsula east of Richmond. One of the first encounters in the attack was at Yorktown, which was put under siege in April 1862. The confederates under General Joseph E. Johnson with 60,000 troops withdrew from Yorktown in early May 1862 to stronger defenses that had been prepared around Richmond. The Browns and their 6th Regiment had not been at Yorktown, but they had an active role in the Battle of Williamsburg on May 4-5, 1862, which was part of the same campaign. The 6th Regiment was stationed at and around Fort Magruder near Williamsburg. As the confederates withdrew from Yorktown, the federals pursued them up toward Richmond. The 6th Regiment at Fort Magruder put a stop to the federal pursuit.^[146] The 6th Regiment may also have inflicted damage on some confederate troops, including the severe wounding of General Early, whom they mistook for federals.^[147]

On May 21, 1862 Peter was sick and in the hospital. This hospital may have been at the Confederate States of America (C.S.A.) General Hospital, Charlottesville, Va. On May 31, 1862 the 6th Regiment (and Peter Brown, if he was out of the hospital) were involved in the Battle of Seven Pines on the Williamsburg Road, which was also part of the Peninsular campaign. General Joseph E. Johnson sought to deal McClellan's army a crippling blow by taking advantage of an isolated position of the federals at Seven Pines, south of the Chichahominy River. In the confederate attack, the 6th regiment with 521 officers and men under Colonel John Bratton charged and beat a greatly superior force of the enemy in four successive combats, driving them two miles from their first line of battle. The 6th Regiment had 88 men killed and 164 wounded at this battle. This was out of a total of 521 officers and men in the regiment. Captain Phinney was among those killed. One of the 6th Regiment's companies, the Chester Blues, was commanded by captain Joseph Lucien Gaston. He had been opposed to succession and was killed at Seven Pines. General Johnson was wounded. It was at this point that Robert E. Lee took command. Colonel Bratton was wounded and captured by the federals. But he did not have it so bad. Brigadier-General P. Kearney of the federals on June 10, 1862 put $200 in an account for Bratton at the Riggs and Co. Bank in Washington, D.C. Bratton was a family friend of B. Gesner, who was a medical doctor for the federals under General Kearney.^[148] Bratton also had a captured confederate 15 year-old soldier assigned to him as a servant. Eventually Bratton was exchanged by the federals for a prisoner held by the confederates. Bratton then resumed command of his regiment. Military historians say that Johnson's plan was sound, but it failed because of poor execution. Among the examples of poor execution was that the 6th Regiment during most of the battle were being fired upon by a confederate battery under general D. H. Hill.^[149]

In August 1862 after the Peninsular campaign, in which the federal efforts to take Richmond from the east were defeated, the federals under General John Pope with 50,000 troops started an advance on Richmond from Northern Virginia. He was to be met by troops of McClellan who had been withdrawn from the peninsula east of Richmond. The confederates under the command of Robert E. Lee countered by first sending Stonewall Jackson's troops to Northern Virginia to intercept the federals. A few days later on August 9, 1862 other confederate troops were withdrawn from the peninsula and sent to Northern Virginia to help Jackson. These were A.P. Hill's division of 24,000 troops. On August 28, 1862 and Longstreet's division of 30,000 troops arrived at Manassas. The Browns, as members of the 6th regiment, South Carolina infantry, were part of Longstreet's division.^[150] The battle on August 29-30, 1862 which resulted when the federals and confederates met was Second Bull Run or Second Manassas. The total troop strength of each side was about 55,000. The confederates beat the federals and prevented any advance on Richmond. The federal retreated North. The federals lost 1,300 and the confederates 800. The confederates pursued the federals North and the next month on September 17, 1862 at Antietam Creek. In this battle the federals prevented the confederates from invading Maryland. Until it can be looked into further, it is not clear if the 6th regiment took part at Antietam.

On October 8, 1862 Peter's brother Anthony was sick in the hospital at Winchester, Va., which is in the Shenandoah Valley. It is not clear what he was doing over there. Perhaps that is where the 6th regiment was ordered to Winter. According to Edward McCrady, the 6th Regiment wintered (1862-1863) at Blackwater and was not part of the Army of Northern Virginia at that point.^[151] Perhaps this is near Winchester. Because they wintered at Blackwater, they missed the Chancellorsville Campaign (late Apr.-early May, 1863).^[152] They may also have missed the Fredericksburg Campaign (late Oct.-Dec., 1862).^[153]

On December 9, 1862 Peter was discharged from the hospital at Lynchburg, Va. On Feb. 18 and 25, 1863 Anthony was sick at Jackson hospital. Peter had a "furlough of indulgence" on June 24, 1863. These lasted several weeks. The 6th regiment returned to the Army of Northern Virginia in time to take part in the Gettysburg campaign (June-July 1863). The confederates attempted to gain a victory on federal soil in order to encourage the peace movement in the North and in order to get England to intervene on the side of the confederates. Robert E. Lee had 75,000 troops. The federals under Hooker had 88,289. There were 3,155 federal and 3,903 confederates killed. The total killed and wounded for the federals was 23,049 and for the confederates, 28,063.

The battle at Gettysburg lasted four days (July 1-4, 1863). Longstreet's division and the Brown brothers in it missed the first day of battle because they were still coming up from Virginia. Arriving early on July 2, Longstreet advocated taking a defensive position, by which the confederates had gained victories at 1st and 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. But Lee was resolved to attack and rejected Longstreet's "strategic offense--tactical defense." Longstreet's division was ordered to do the main fighting that day with the object being several strategic hills (the Round Tops). The confederates won a victory. On the third day of battle, July 3, Longstreet opposed further attacks even more strongly. But because gains had been made the previous day and the morale of the troops was high, Lee ordered another offensive. It was a very hot day. This offensive included Pickett's unsuccessful charge with 15,000 troops at 1:45 P.M. Pickett's troops were part of Longstreet's division. On the fourth day, July 4, 1863, Lee ordered a retreat. It was raining that day. The retreat was successful because it was difficult for the federals to pursue. Lee crossed the Potomac back into Virginia on the night of July 13-14. It was not until years after the war that historians started pointing to Gettysburg as the turning point. As Lee's survivors trudged south they could console themselves with the thought that they had won the first two days and lost the third. As was the case after Antietam, the Army of the Potomac (the federals) was too badly hurt to administer the knock-out.

After its return to Virginia, Longstreet's division was sent west to aid the confederate Army of Tennessee under General Bragg. John Bratton commanded Jenkins Brigade, which probably was the brigade that contained the 6th regiment, South Carolina. The confederates were defending against the federal Army of Cumberland, led by Rosecrans. At Chickamauga, Ga. on September 20, 1863, Rosecrans had been forced to retreat to Chattanooga, where Bragg pursued. Bragg expected Rosecrans to continue to retreat, but the federals instead dug in at Chattanooga. Bragg attempted to choke off the federal supplies and gain a victory. However, on October 29, 1863 the siege was broken in the "Cracker Line" operations.^[154] Longstreet's division saw action in this battle. Despite the siege being broken, the confederates continued to hold strategic ground around Chattanooga.

Because it was clear Bragg was not going to be able to retake Chattanooga, he ordered Longstreet on November 4, 1863 to detach the McLaws and Michah Jenkins (Hood's) divisions from the Chattanooga operations. This latter division was probably the Jenkins' brigade commanded by Bratton mentioned above, which contained the 6th Regiment, S.C. infantry. Longstreet and his troops (10,000 infantry and 5,000 calvary) went by rail to east Tennessee to retake Knoxville, Tenn., which had been occupied on September 2, 1863 by the federals under General Ambrose Burnside. The main reason Longstreet left Chattanooga was because he did not get along with Bragg. Longstreet's departure weakened Bragg's army. Three weeks later on November 24-25, 1863, Bragg was defeated by the federals at the Battle Lookout Mountain and of Missionary Ridge. Bragg was forced to evacuate his positions around Chattanooga and retreat toward Resaca, Ga. and Atlanta.^[155] However, the 6th Regiment and the Browns were probably not present for the defeat, but with Longstreet around Knoxville.

On November 12, 1863 Anthony Brown was reported to be in the hospital. He had a shoulder wound plus a disease called "chimborazo" and "catarrh" (or "catassh"). Perhaps he had been wounded in the battle at Lookout Mountain on October 29. On the same day Longstreet reached Loudon, Ky. At Knoxville, Longstreet attempted a siege of Knoxville from November 17 to December 5, 1863. On November 29, 1863 he made an attack but was repulsed. Bragg after his defeat at Missionary Ridge wanted Longstreet to rejoin. But Sherman prevented him from heading toward Chattanooga. Longstreet and probably the Brown brothers took up winter quarters at Greenville, Tenn.^[156] This had an advantage for the confederates in causing Grant to keep a large force close by Longstreet until April 1864. That force might otherwise have been available for an attack southward.

On February 12, 1864 Anthony Brown had a furlough of indulgence. Peter had one starting on April 7, 1864. Longstreet was plagued by dissension among his subordinate commanders and troops. Perhaps it was the militancy of the troops that gained them a furlough. Mark Boatner writes that the absentee problem was a problem for both the confederates and the federals. This was especially a problem as the approach of defeat lowered morale. In the Antietam campaign Lee's stragglers totaled an estimated third to half of his entire force. Many Southern soldiers felt that their commitment to the C.S.A. government did not include the invasion of Northern soil. After the twin disasters of Gettysburg and Vicksburg (July 4, 1863) the number of unauthorized absentees was estimated at between 50,000 and 100,000. As Grant's campaign of attrition continued against the A.N.V., the Confederate authorities were unable to check desertion. "President Davis, according to the Richmond Enquirer of October 6, 1864, `emphatically announced the startling fact that two-thirds of the army are absent from the ranks.'"^[157] Two months before the surrender in April 1865 an estimated 100,000 deserters were at large. On September 1, 1864 a bounty of $100 was due Anthony Brown. A similar amount was probably due Peter. Like the federals, the confederate government throughout the war used bounties to encourage men to enlist and to not desert. The confederate government authorized a $10 enlistment bounty on May 16, 1861 and on January 22, 1862 it was increased to $50. There were various provisions for deferring payment of the total amount, but an act of February 17, 1862 prescribed "That the bounty of fifty dollars, allowed by existing laws to soldiers enlisting for the war, or re-enlisting for two years, or recruited, shall be payable as soon as the volunteer entitled thereto shall have been sworn into the Confederate service, and shall have been pronounced by any surgeon, or assistant surgeon of the confederate states after inspection, as being fit and able to do military service."^[158] In the federal army the large bounty payment, rather than having the amount spread over the period of enlistment, was partly responsible for the high desertion rate, which totaled 268,000 for the federals. One federal bounty jumper confessed to deserting 32 times and was sentenced to four years in prison.^[159]

After its service in the west and its winter encampment in Tennessee, Longstreet's division rejoined the Army of Northern Virginia in time to fight in the battles of the Wilderness (May 1864) and Cold Harbor, Va. (May 31 - June 12, 1864). These were the first battles that composed the siege of Petersburg, which lasted from May 1864 until May 1865. The federal strategy was that since they had not been able to take Richmond from an attack north of the James River, they would shift the attack south of the James River by taking Petersburg. This would make Richmond vulnerable. Grant 's initial attack on Petersburg resulted in the battles of the Wilderness and Cold Harbor, which occurred on the outskirts of Petersburg. Grant's direct attack was defeated and therefore he began a siege of Petersburg.

At the battle of Cold Harbor Grant had 108,000 troops against Lee's 59,000 troops, which included Anderson's division and the 6th S.C. infantry within it. Grant attacked the corps of A.P. Hill and of Anderson. In the battle 7,000 federals were lost and 1,500 confederates. "The time of actual advance was not over eight minutes," writes Martin McMahon. "In that little period more men from the federal force fell bleeding as they advanced than in any other like period of time throughout the war."^[160] This was Lee's last great win in the field. Lee could not replace those who were killed, but Grant had reserves.

During the period of the Petersburg siege Grant also conducted operations in the Shenandoah Valley (May 1864-April 1865). This was done in order to force Lee to weaken his defenses at Petersburg. Lee had to take troops from Petersburg to reinforce his troops in the Shenandoah Valley. The 6th S.C. infantry and the Browns, however, stayed at Petersburg. But Grant also conducted operations on the peninsula north of the James. This likewise was done to both to make Lee weaken his defenses at Petersburg and to prevent him from sending aid to Early in the Shenandoah. One of Grant's operations on the peninsula was a surprise attack on September 28-30, 1864 against Forts Harrison and Gilmer, which were part of the outer defense of Richmond near New Market Heights, Va.^[161] The federal forces, including William Birney's colored brigade (3rd [Negro] Division under Paine) along with Ames's division took Fort Harrison on September 28, 1864.^[162] On September 29 Lee arrived on the scene at Fort Gilmer with reinforcements from south of the James. By the dawn of September 30 Lee had 10 brigades of the Army of Northern Virginia at Fort Gilmer, which included Bratton's brigade of which the 6th S.C. infantry was a part. At 3:00 P.M. General Anderson, commanding Longstreet's corps made a desperate attack against Fort Harrison. Because of faulty coordination, it failed. Two additional assaults were also repulsed by the federals under Stannard. These were the battles of New Market Heights, Chafin's Farm, Laurel Hill and Forts Harrison and Gilmer. There were 19,639 federals against 10,836 confederates, with 3,327 federal and about 2,000 confederate casualties.

Among the casualties were Peter and Anthony Brown. Peter was missing in action on September 30, 1864. On October 1, 1864 he was admitted to the Field (Flying) 18 A.C. Hospital, A. of J. He appeared on a list of casualties in Bratton's Brigade in the Campaign of 1864, Army of Northern Virginia. It is said he was buried in South Carolina. Anthony was wounded in the left shoulder (from a gunshot?) at the same time that his brother was killed. Anthony was furloughed on October 6, 1864 for 30 days. Perhaps the furlough was so that Anthony could accompany his brother's body back home and to allow his shoulder to heal. If Peter had held on 6 more months, his great grandchildren would have been attending the annual Brown family reunion. As it was, he died without having had the chance to marry.

The end for the confederacy came on April 9, 1865 when the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomatox Court House. This was the end result of the Appomatox campaign. On April 1, 1865 at Five Forks Sheridan had won a victory over the confederates. In this battle Lee weakened his defenses at Petersburg to reinforce the confederate forces under Pickett at Five Forks. Among those he sent was Anderson with 3 brigades, which probably included the 6th S.C. infantry and Anthony Brown, who was back on duty. On April 2, 1865 was the Petersburg final assault. Longstreet held Petersburg until the night of April 2-3, 1865 and then withdrew toward Ameila court house. In the Appomatox campaign there were 62,299 federals against 18,579 confederates. There were 3,361 federal casualties and an unknown number of confederate ones, including the death of A.P. Hill.

On April 9, 1865 Anthony became a prisoner of war. He was shortly thereafter paroled at Appomatox court house.

^[1]United States Archives, Federal Census of Fairfield Co., South Carolina for 1850, microcopy # 432, roll # 852, page after p. 261.

^[2]Edward McCrady (1833-1903), "Heroes of the Old Camden District, South Carolina, 1776-1861: An Address to the Survivors of Fairfield County, delivered at Winnsboro, S.C., September 1, 1881," Southern Historical Society, Papers, 16 (1888), 3-34, pp. 5-6. See also, Foote, Sketches of North Carolina.

^[3]Letter (May 28, 1970) from Mrs. Charles (Mary Brown) Tinsley, 5 Cornwallis Square, Haslet Park, Newark, Del. 19711. She is the granddaughter of James Alexander Brown (1854-1917), who was the son of Alexander R. Brown (1815-1870+).

^[4]Federal Census of Fairfield Co., South Carolina for 1850, microcopy # 432, roll # 852, page after p. 261. Mrs. Tinsley mentioned that a cousin told her that Alexander Russell Brown's birth date was 1798.

^[5]In the United States Archives, Federal Census of Fairfield Co., South Carolina for 1840, p. 191, Alexander Brown was listed as "Alex". That census stated that he owned no slaves and the family members were:

males 2 under age 5 (i.e. William "Billy," age 4 and
Anthony, age 1)

1 aged 5-10 (i.e. Peter, age 5)

1 aged 20-30 (i.e. Alex, age 25)

females 1 under age 5 (i.e. Elizabeth, age 3)

1 aged 5-10 (i.e. Lenora, age 6)

1 aged 20-30 (i.e. Elizabeth Raines, age 25).

^[6]Letter (November 3, 1969) and visit (January 3, 1970) with Mrs. W. R. (Mamie) Hagan.

^[7]The records about the land grants, according to Mamie Hagan, were burnt when the Union army led by General William Sherman (d. 1891) marched northward from Savannah through South and North Carolina in 1865 during the Civil War.

^[8]Federal Census of South Carolina for 1850, microcopy # 432, roll # 852, page after p. 261.

^[9]The sources for the "Raines" last name are first, a letter (March 4, 1970) from Frances U. Brown, R. F. D. 1, Blythewood, S.C. She is a granddaughter of James Alexander Brown (1854-1917). The second source is the letter mentioned above from Mrs. W. R. (Mamie) Hagan. The source for the birth date and birth place of Nancy and Anthony Raines is the Federal Census for Fairfield Co., S.C. for 1850, p. 271. The source for Anthony's death date is the Fairfield Co. Wills index, #102-4

^[10]Federal Census of Fairfield Co., South Carolina for 1840, p. 191.

^[11]United States Archives, Federal Census of South Carolina for 1870, microfilm roll # 138, p. 27 (township # 8, Fairfield County).

^[12]Federal Census of South Carolina for 1850 and 1870. The page numbers were given above.

^[13]Federal Census of Fairfield county, S.C. for 1860, p. 27.

^[15]Federal Census of Fairfield Co., for 1860 listed him as John L. Brown, not John S. Brown.

^[16]Letter (May 28, 1970) from Mrs. Charles (Mary Brown) Tinsley, which was referred to earlier.

^[17]Information on Billy Brown and family was given by his granddaughter, Lillie Hogan Tucker, who until she died lived at 415 McCaskill Ave., Maxton, N.C. 28364. Mrs. Carl Gibson of Richburg, S.C. in several letters (March 2, 1973 and May 5, 1979) mentioned there are various records on the Gibsons at the court house in Winnsboro, S.C., which is the county seat for Fairfield Co.

^[18]The information about the Gibson family is from the Federal Census of Fairfield Co., South Carolina for 1850 and from Mrs. Lillie (Hogan) Tucker.

^[19]Letter (April 1, 1970) from Miss Leonorah Gordon, 304 East Fourth Ave, Rome, Ga. 30161. Another tradition I heard about 1970 was that the Gibsons were French Huguenots in ancestry.

^[20]Federal Census of Fairfield Co., South Carolina for 1850, microcopy # 432, roll # 852, p. 220.

^[21]Federal Census of Fairfield Co., South Carolina for 1860, as reported by Mrs. Carl Gibson of Richburg, S.C. Mrs. Carl Gibson mentioned that in Book A of the court house records at Winnsboro, S.C., there is reference to a Humphrey Gibson who sold a slave in 1787. This may have been a grandfather to the Humphrey Gibson who was the father of Kitty Gibson Brown. Mrs. Carl Gibson also mentioned that in Book T at the Winnsboro, S.C. court house there is a reference to a Humphrey Gibson who was acting as the administrator for the estate of Elizabeth Gibson. Mrs. Carl Gibson did not mention a date. This may have been Kitty's father. Mrs. Carl Gibson quoted the following passage about a Mr. Gibson (d. 1796) from Fitz Hugh McMaster's History of Fairfield, Co. S.C. (Columbia, S.C. State Commercial Printing Co., 1946):

Still more, we might add he is to be esteemed, who spends, as Mr. Gibson, forty years of his life to the propagation of the gospel, and in sewing the seeds of literature and refinement in a new and scarcely civilized settlement. Mr. Gibson died about the year 1796, but his memory is held in profound veneration by men who remember his exemplary worth.

McMaster, ibid., p. 27, mentions that the Gibsons were in Fairfield from the earliest days of European settlement:

From the earliest settlement there was an admixture of Huguenot blood, witness DeLashmette, Gibson, and later DuPie (Peay), Piquette (Pickett), Barrett (Barrette) and others, a few Hollanders, and some pure English, and Scotch, immediately before the Revolutionary war there was a steady stream from the north of Ireland, and this increased after the war.

^[22]Federal Census of Fairfield Co., S.C. for 1660, p. 66.

^[23]Federal Census of Fairfield Co., S.C. for 1880, enumeration district 74, page 42 (township 8).

^[24]Letter (April 1, 1970) from Miss Leonorah Gordon states that Minor Gordon did not list Humphrey in his will. Based on notes sent me by Mrs. Carl Gibson from records at the Winnsboro courthouse plus a partial look at the census records, the following speculations can be made until a closer look at the records provides a chance to make corrections. Minor Gibson was probably the son of Stephen Gibson, Sr. (d. October 17, 1831?). Minor's brothers and sisters were probably:
            1. Stephen Gibson Jr. (1798-1870+). He married a woman named Mary (1800-1870+). They had 6 children:
                        1. Franklin Gibson (b. 1832).
                        2. Sarah Gibson (b. 1838).
                        3. Henry A. Gibson (b. 1840).
                        4. William P. Gibson (b. 1842). He married a woman
                                    named Laura (b. 1846).
                        5. John Gibson (b. 1844). He married a woman named
                                    Esther (b. 1847).
                        6. Gilbert Gibson ((b. 1842).
            2. Allan Gibson.
            3. Mary Gibson.
            4. Edward Gibson.
            5. James B. (b. 1815), married a woman named Louisa (b. 1822). They had a son, Dexter (b. 1847).
            6. Bartley Gibson.
            7. Jeremiah Gibson.

^[25]Federal Census of Fairfield Co., S.C. for 1870, township # 8, p. 28.

^[26]The information about Elizabeth Gibson was given by Joe Belton Brown. Instead of being the daughter of Humphrey and Elizabeth Gibson, she may be the granddaughter, and daughter of Green Gibson. The reason for believing this is that if she died at age 104 in 1971, then she was born about 1877. This would make her about 30 years younger than the next youngest sibling. Also Mrs. Carl Gibson of Richburg, S.C. in several letters (March 2, 1973 and May 5, 1979) mentioned that a daughter of Green Gibson had recently died.

^[27]Federal Census of Fairfield Co., S.C. for 1860, p. 66.

^[28]Interview with Lillie Tucker (December 30, 1969).

^[29]The 7th Battalion was first called "Capt. James H. Rion's Company, S.C. Volunteers." This lasted only from November 1861 to about February 1862, when it was joined to the Confederate army. It was then known as Co. B, 7th (also known as as Nelson's) Battalion, S.C. Infantry (Enfield Rifles).

^[30]"Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers," National Archives and Records Service, National Archives, Washington, D.C. Microfilm, State of South Carolina, Roll # 244. The 6th, 12th, and 17th Regiments, South Carolina Infantry, had the greatest number of Fairfield country soldiers in them. But there were also Fairfield soldiers in several other units, including the 7th Battalion. See McMaster, History of Fairfield, Co. S.C., p. 12.

^[31]Edward McCrady, "Rion's Battalion," Southern Historical Society, Papers, 16 (1888), 25-28.

^[32]According to the dictionary, a cicatrix is a scar, that is, the contracted fibrous tissue at the place were a wound has healed.

^[33]Robert E. Lee, "Letter" (January 23, 1864), in U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (50 volumes, Washington, D.C.: 1880-1901), vol. 33, p. 1118.

^[35]Letter (January 24, 1970) from Hilda Ashworth.

^[36]Interview (December 31, 1969) with Lillie Tucker.

^[38]Mrs. Barnes Alstan Boyle, "The Hospice," 11011 Salem Dr., Sun City, Arizona, 85351 gave information about Emma Laurie Brown Hines.

^[39]Lillie Hogan Tucker stated that the birth date for Lizzie Brown was April 16, 1865 and the marriage date was January 19, 1881.

^[40]Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers who served in the State of South Carolina, National Archives and Records service, Washington, D.C., National Archives Microfilm Roll for South Carolina, # 382.

^[41]The history of W.C. Boyle's regiment is probably contained in James Alfred Hoyt (b. 1837), The Palmetto riflemen, Co. B. Fourth Regiment S.C. vols. Co. C, Palmetto sharp shooters. A Historical Sketch. An address delivered by James A. Hoyt, on the 21st July 1885, together with a roll of the Company and other information (Greenville, Hoyt & Keys, printers, 1886). I have not had a chance to look at this.

^[42]Interview (1970) with Emma (Scrip) Boyle (1886-1972).

^[43]Federal Census for Fairfield Co. S.C. for 1880, enumeration district 74, township 8, p. 43.

^[44]This may not be accurate, as Lizzie would have been 17 in 1881 and Gene 25, according to birth dates.

^[45]Sessions Book 1889-1924, Sumter County Court.

^[46]Lillie Tucker in an interview (December 31, 1969) mentioned this and said that when his son Joe was born, Gene and one of his cousins were rolling on a large wheel, and he cut his lip.

^[47]Geddings H. Crawford, Who's Who in South Carolina (Columbia: McCaw Pub., 1921), p. 90, states that Langdon Dinkins Jennings (b. January 18, 1871) was the son of William and Mary E. (Dinkins) Jennings. He studied law at home, and was admitted to the bar in 1896. He was mayor of Sumter from April 1910 until at least 1920. He was president of People's Bank of Sumter, director of Booth-Boyle Live Stock Co., and director of Jennings-Gainey Furniture Co. He married first Esther Annie Dinkins; second, Gwynne Dinkins. He was a mason, Knight of Pythias, and Methodist.

^[48]First Baptist Church Records, Sumter, S.C.

^[49]Lillie Hogan Tucker (letter, November 14, 1969) mentioned that Gene's family lived in several houses in Sumter that burned down. They lost almost everything, including family bibles where they kept birth dates and other records.

^[50]This information is from an interview with Lillie Tucker (December 30, 1969).

^[51]Possibly they never lived in the Clifton house.

^[52]Hazel Hogan Terrar, Interview, December 31, 1991.

^[53]Eugenia Patakis, interview (December 8, 1974).

^[54]Federal Census of Sumter, S.C. for 1910 listed Claude Hogan's trade as that of butcher.

^[55]Lillie Tucker, "Interview;" Clyde Weldon Jones, who was Annie Hogan's sister-in-law, may have been the source for the information about Gene Hogan.

^[56]Hazel Hogan Terrar, interview (September 23, 1972).

^[57]The Sumter wills for this period are scattered throughout 4 or 5 boxes and not indexed. The reference to Eugene Hogan's will is E-3, pages 646-647. Claude Hogan's report stated that Eugene had no cash on hand or in the bank, no money due him for bonds, mortgages, or other securities, and no corporate or government bonds. He had $250 due him in open accounts. He had the house on Salem St., plus a 90 foot lot on Saratoga St. and one acre. It may be that Edwin Boyle was also an executor.

^[58]Interview (July 1971) of Hazel Hogan Terrar with Lillie Tucker; interview (March 29, 1979 with Elise Tucker.

^[59]Interview (September 23, 1972) with Hazel Hogan Terrar.

^[60]Lizzie and Arthur met at Eustis, Florida, where they used to go for vacations. The story goes that they married because each thought the other had money. They were both wrong, but stayed together and were happy with each other. Lizzie said the 7 years they were married were the happiest of her life.

^[61]One of Gene and Lizzie's friends from their Florida vacations was a Mrs. Edwards. Mrs. Edwards had helped introduce Lizzie to Arthur. Normally Mrs. Edwards lived in Barberton, Ohio, where Arthur Mills lived and where Lizzie Brown Hogan came to live after they were married. Mrs. Edwards was a communist or close to it, according to Elise Tucker, interview (March 29, 1979). Elise visited Mrs. Edwards once about 1940 and was given some communist literature. While Elise was staying at Mrs. Edwards' house, a communist meeting was held there. Elise signed a petition. Later Elise got a newspaper in the mail and someone said it was communist. Elise wondered why Gene and Lizzie would have a communist friend. Arthur was not sympathetic to the communists, at least on May 28, 1931 when he wrote from Barberton to Lizzie, who was visiting her people down south: "Extra Paper out. Big Riot, Communists all foreigners. Police, sheriff and deputies and a call for state guards. Don't know how it will end, and I am not going to see, all on West Side. Don't worry, I am not going out there. Let them fight it out."

^[62]Letter (September 15, 1970) from Mrs. Alvina Brown Hagood lists James Franklyn Brown's birth date as May 23, 1866. Besides Mrs. Hagood, other sources of information on James Franklyn Brown and family are letter (March 16, 1971) from Mrs. Doris Flynn Brown, and letter (February 24, 1971) from Mrs. James D. (Katherine) Horlacher.

^[63]Lillie Tucker in an interview (Dec. 31, 1969) said that someone cut out Jim's eyes because he was fooling around with someone else's wife.

^[64]Mrs. Horlacher says he was born in 1896. An alternate date of birth is 1900.

^[66]Mrs. Horlacher supplied the information about herself and her family.

^[67]Letter (February 17, 1970) of Nell Bannerman provided information about Joe Brown and family.

^[68]Information about Boyd Brown and family was given by his widow Mrs. Mary Tidwell Brown, Box 336, Winnsboro, S.C. 29180.

^[69]Walter and Clara had 3 grandchildren by 1971. It is not clear by which child. They were Mary Elizabeth Chaplin, Claire Annie Chaplin, and John Bush Rogers.

^[70]Quoted from Nat Brown's letter (December 1, 1972).

^[71]Letter (April 16, 1970) from Mrs. Hilda Ashworth, 817 Twin Oak Dr., Apt. 3, Decatur, Ga. 30030, gave information about her family.

^[72]Letter (February 12, 1970) from Caroline Dangler gave information about her family.

^[73]Information about the Langford family was given in a letter (April 1970) from Hannah Outen, 113 Spring Lake Rd., Columbia, S.C. 29206.

^[74]Carl Langford in 1971 was living at 304 S. Main, Travelers Rest, S.C. He probably was not part of the Emma Faustina-Michael Langford family. But I am not sure where he belongs.

^[75]Information about Brooks Brown and family was given by Mrs. Mamie Hagan, 7519 Highview Ct., Columbia, S.C.

^[76]It is said Brooks invented the dialing system for the telephone and had a patent on it, but he broke his back and was not able to renew it. On the day it expired, Bell telephone took it.

^[77]Information about Brooks Brown is from letter (March 22, 1971 from Mrs. Magdalene Brown.

^[78]United States Archives, Federal Census of Fairfield Co., South Carolina for 1880, volume 12, enumeration district 74, sheet 44, line 11 (Fairfield township # 8), states that Anthony's middle initial was "R."

^[79]United States Archives, Federal Census of Fairfield Co., South Carolina for 1880, volume 12, enumeration district 74, sheet 44, line 11 (Fairfield township # 8).

^[80]This information is from Mrs. Barnes Alston Boyle. Her address was given above.

^[82]Information about Jemima Brown's descendants is from the letter (March 28, 1973) of Mr. Verdell Brown, 114 3rd Ave, Edisto Dr., Orangeburg, S.C. 29115. Daniel J. Brown, Rt. 3, Box 171, Orangeburg, S.C. also helped.

^[83]Federal Census of Orangeburg Co., South Carolina for 1880, volume 19, enumeration district 143, sheet 3, line 40.

^[84]In 1973 Harry H. Brown lived at 1286 Winchester Rd., Sandhurst, Charleston, S.C. 29407.

^[85]In 1973 Mrs. Bessie Lee Grambling was living at Route 1, Box 320, Orangeburg, S.C., 29115.

^[86]In 1973 Mrs. Jessie Wolf Brown was living at 2009 Loblly Lane, Orangeburg, S.C. 29115.

^[87]According to Verdell Brown in 1973 Mrs. T. L. Jeffcoat was living at RFD North, S.C.

^[88]In 1973 Mrs. W. J. Till was living at RFD, Carmon, S.C.

^[89]In 1973 Mr. Daniel J. Brown was living at 480 Gue N.W., Orangeburg, S.C. 29115

^[90]Much of the information about the descendants of James Alexander Brown (1854-1917) is from Frances U. Brown (letter of March 4, 1970), which was mentioned above.

^[91]Federal Census of Fairfield Co., for 1860, p. 98.

^[92]Information about Samuel Elbege Brown and family is from a letter (April 3, 1970) of Miss Jemima Sarah Brown, 102 Sevier Place, Spartanburg, S.C. and Mrs. Charles H. Tinsley, whose address was given earlier. Both women are his daughters.

^[93]Interview with Lillie Tucker (December 30, 1969).

^[94]Lillie Tucker, interview (July 1971) as reported by Hazel Hogan, said that Walter Boyle had a mortgage on Eddie's property and he ended up with it. Walter eventually committed suicide because of financial problems.

^[95]Information on Gene Hogan and family is from his daughters, Mrs. Eugenia (Hogan) Patakis and Mrs. Barbara W. (Hogan) Martin. Eugenia and Emma Boyle stated that Gene Hogan's year of birth was 1885.

^[96]First Baptist church records, Sumter, S.C.

^[97]Eugenia Patakis, interview (November 29, 1969) stated that Eugene shot and killed the man in an argument.

^[98]David D. Wallace, South Carolina: A Short History, 520-1948 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1951), p. 662. The records dealing with Eugene Jr.'s pardon are in the South Carolina archives. They would describe the charges against him. I have not had a chance to look at them.

^[99]Senator Benjamin Tillman, quoted in Ibid. p. 667.

^[100]Lillie Tucker, letter (June 30, 1971) explained the 1911 letter.

^[101]Charlie was born at Artakidardanells, Turkey, which is about 60 miles from Constantinople. He was a member of the Greek Orthodox church. His parents were Nicholas Konstantine Patakeris and Sophia Thanoglou. Charlie came to the United States at Norfolk, Va. on October 12, 1914 as a seaman aboard the freighter Spyros Valianos with John Valianos being the captain. He had sailed from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Charlie had two brothers:

            1. Nicholas Konstantine Patakeris (b. 1885). In 1921 he
            began living at New Artaki (Chalkis) Euboia, Greece, which
            is an island. He had 3 or more children:

1. Sophia Patakeris (b. 1920). She is single.

2. a son.

3. a son.

            2. Manuel Konstantine Patakeris (b. June 17, 1888). He came
            to the United States and lived at 3314 24th Ave, Astoria,
            Long Island, N.Y. He worked as a cook in a restaurant and
            had one child:

1. Sophia Patakeris. She died in childbirth.

^[102]Information about Claude Hogan and family was given by Hazel Hogan Terrar and Rosie Hogan Horney. In Gene Hogan's (d. 1922) will, Claude's middle name is spelled Barron. The will was typed probably by a lawyer and it may not have been the way either Claude or his father spelt the middle name.

^[103]Lillie Tucker, Letter (November 14, 1969).

^[104]The strap for keeping the razor also served as a whipping belt. One time Claude whipped Rosie and she started to cry, so he ended up giving her a quarter.

^[105]Interview with Rosy Hogan Horney (June 5-7, 1971).

^[106]Interview with Lillie Tucker (December 31, 1969) mentioned that Annie worked at the city hall at some point.

^[107]Interview with Rosy Hogan Horney (June 5-7, 1971).

^[108]Claude probably rented the Green Swamp place from the bank, according to Hazel Hogan Terrar, interview (December 28, 1991).

^[109]Interview with Rosy Hogan Horney (June 5-7, 1971).

^[110]Rosie was in the 5th grade when they moved to Green Swamp Road. The Chestnut St. address is given in the 1910 federal census.

^[111]According to one story, they would sometimes leave at 3:00 in the morning so that they could get there by sun-up.

^[112]The history of the First Baptist church in Sumter was written up in part by Claude's pastor, Rev. and Mrs. Clinton Capers "C.C."Brown, History of the First Baptist Church, Sumter, S.C., 1813-1938 (Sumter: Sumter Printing Co., 1938).

^[113]Hazel Hogan, interview (December 26, 1971).

^[114]Sessions Book, 1889-1924, Fall 1914, case 2504.

^[116]Rosie Hogan Horney, interview (June 8-10, 1973) stated that Claude also had tuberculosis.

^[117]Hazel Hogan Terrar, interview (December 31, 1991) does not remember his throwing up blood.

^[118]Rosie Hogan Horney, interview (June 8-10, 1973).

^[119]Rosie Hogan Horney mentioned the Sumter Trust Co. in an interview on June 5-7, 1971.

^[120]Elise Tucker, interview (March 29, 1979). Hazel Hogan Terrar, interview (December 31, 1991) says Mrs. Pogue was a friend of Annie and family and that Annie did not run off with Mr. Pogue. Mr. Pogue had moved to Memphsis and Annie moved there to start a business.

^[121]Ruby McCaa and family lived in that apartment for a time in the 1920s.

^[122]Elise Tucker, interview (March 29, 1979). In splitting with Keith, Annie had some help from her brother, Frederick Porcher "Fred" Jones. Fred was a sheriff at St. Andrews, S.C. Fred took Keith over to Augusta, Ga. and threatened to shoot him if he did not sign the divorce papers. Keith signed.

^[123]Hazel Terrar, interview (September 5, 1985).

^[124]Rosie's mother's sister, Elizabeth Jones Troublefield, listed Rosie's birth date as September 5, 1906. But the 1910 census has her listed as 1 4/12 years old in April 1910.

^[125]Uremic poisoning is the accumulation in the blood of constituents which should have been eliminated in the urine, producing a toxic effect.

^[126]Rosie's name came, however, from her aunt Rosa Dinkins. This was mentioned in an interview with Rosie Hogan Horney on June 5-7, 1971.

^[127]Bob died at Walter Reed Hospital of sclerosis of the liver.

^[129]Hazel Terrar, Interview (August 7, 1988).

^[130]Hazel Terrar, Interview (September 19, 1985).

^[131]Rosie Hogan Horney mentioned in an interview on June 5-7, 1971 that the Crankfield family had redheads in it.

^[132]The edition Hazel won was The Holy Bible (New York: American Bible Society, 1920).

^[133]Lena Jones Hill, "Letter" (January 15, 1992).

^[134]Taffeta is a fine, smooth, glossy silk fabric or any similar silk or linen goods.

^[135]Information about Lillie Hogan Tucker is from an interview with Elise Tucker on March 29 and 31, 1979.

^[136]Lillie was sleeping and dreamed these words, got up, and wrote them down.

^[137]His death certificate says he was born in 1890. Information about Joe is from Lillie Tucker, interview (December 30, 1969) and from Margarite Hogan Beckwith, interview (January 2, 1992).

^[138]The information about Joe's attendance at college is from an interview with Lillie Tucker (December 30, 1969).

^[140]The Confederate Provisional Congress on March 6, 1861 established a regular army. The congress gave the president control of military operations, accepted state forces and 100,000 volunteers for a year. By April 1861 Jefferson Davis had called for 82,000 men. On August 8, 1861, after four more states had joined the Confederacy, Congress authorized 400,000 volunteers for from one to three years. These troops all entered the army through the medium of the state authorities, and it was not until April 1862 and the first Confederate conscription act that men entered the Provisional Army directly. One of the most hotly-debated subjects is the total enlistments of the Confederate Army. Figures range from 600,000 to 1,500,000, but the best estimate would appear to lie about midway between the extremes. Only 174,223 surrendered in 1865. See Mark Boatner, The Civil War Dictionary (New York: David McKay, 1988), p. 169.

^[141]This information is from the "Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers," National Archives and Records Service, National Archives, Washington, D.C. Microfilm, State of South Carolina, Roll # 204. The information is also from the regimental histories noted below. On December 17, 1860 an act of the South Carolina General Assembly authorized the establishment of an armed force of 10 regiments, in 1 division and 2 brigades. What became the 6th Regiment Infantry was under Colonel James H. Rion and Lieutenant Colonel A. J. Secrest. Besides the Browns' company (Boyd Guards), another of the regiment's companies was the Fairfield Fencibles under captain John Bratton.

The 6th Regiment, South Carolina Infantry enlisted in the state service on April 11, 1861 for 12 months and was mustered into the Confederate States service during June and July 1861. Later it was broken up and a number of men re-enlisted in the Palmetto Regiment, South Carolina Sharp Shooters, the 5th Regiment, S.C. Infantry, the 13th Battalion, S.C. Infantry, and the 17th Regiment, S.C. Infantry. In February 1862 the remainder re-enlisted for two years or the war. They were re-organized into six companies which were joined on March 27, 1862 by a company of re-enlisted men from the 9th Regiment, S.C. Infantry. These seven companies joined the 1st S.C. Battalion of Re-enlisted Volunteers, which was increased to a regiment on April 22, 1862 by the addition of three more companies of re-enlisted men from the 9th Regiment, S.C. Infantry and designated the 6th Regiment, S.C. Infantry. A number of re-enlisted men from the old 5th Regiment, S.C. Infantry and a few recruit were also assigned to the various companies.

A description of where the 6th Regiment, S.C. Infantry operated and the battles in which Peter fought is the U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (50 volumes, Washington, D.C.: 1880-1901). Several regimental histories for the 6th Regiment are listed in Charles E. Dornbusch, Regimental Publications and Personal Narratives of the Civil War: A Checklist (New York: New York Public Library, 1961). They include John Bratton, "The Sixth South Carolina at Seven Pines," Southern Historical Society, Papers (Richmond, Va. (1876-1959), vol. 13 (1885), 119-133; John Bratton, "The Battle of Williamsburg, narrative of Colonel Bratton," Southern Historical Society, Papers, 7 (1879), 299-302; James Lide Coker (1837-1918), History of Company G, Ninth S.S. regiment, S.C. army, and of Company E, Sixth S.C. regiment, S.C. army. Prepared and Published by request of the survivors of these companies, by James Lide Coker, formerly Major Sixth S.C. vs. infantry (Charleston: Press of Walker, Evans and Cogswell Co., 1899), 210 pp. (the 9th regiment was disbanded early in 1862, the survivors forming the 6th regiment); McCrady, "Heroes of the Old Camden District, South Carolina, 1776-1861," Southern Historical Society, Papers, 16 (1888), 3-34; Thomas W. Woodward (1833-1902), Address of Major Thomas W. Woodward, delivered before the Survivors' association of the Sixth regiment, South Carolina volunteers, at Chester, S.C., on 9th August, 1883. Fort Sumter to Dranesville (Columbia: Printed at the Presbyterian Pub. House, 1883) 32 pp.

^[142]"Peter Brown," "Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers."

^[143]Edward McCrady, "The Sixth regiment," Southern Historical Society, Papers, 16 (1888), 15-18, p. 16.

^[146]Bratton, "The Battle of Williamsburg," p. 302.

^[147]D. K. McRae, "The Battle of Williamsburg -- Reply to Colonel Bratton," Southern Historical Society Papers, 7 (1879), 361.

^[148]"Letters of B. Gesner and P. Kearney" (June 9, 1862), Southern Historical Society, Papers (Richmond, Va. (1876-1959), vol. 13 (1885), 132.

^[149]Bratton, "The Sixth South Carolina at Seven Pines," p. 125.

^[153]On November 7, 1862 was a battle at Fredericksburg, Va. In this battle the federal general Burnside unsuccessfully attempted to push Lee's army out of Fredericksburg.

^[154]Among the federals killed in the Wauhatchie Night Attack (October 28-29, 1863) was Nicholas Gergen, a teamster, who was my great, great uncle.

^[155]Peter and Anthony Brown's brother, Billy may have joined the confederate army at Resaca, Ga.

^[157]Wiley's Reb., p. 144; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, p. 169.

^[160]Martin McMahon, Battles and Leaders, vol. 4, p. 217.

^[161]Fiebeger, p. 303, as cited in Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, p. 588.

^[162]Humphreys, p. 288, as cited in Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, p. 589.