The God
Debate Heats Up
By Father John Flynn, L.C.
ROME, JULY 22, 2007 (Zenit.org).- The attack against religion
started by Richard Dawkins in his book "The God Delusion" shows no
sign of letting up. In recent months a number of emulators have published books
that continue the polemic.
In "God: The Failed Hypothesis," Victor J. Stenger purports to
provide a sort of scientific proof that God does not exist. Stenger, a retired
professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Hawaii, alleges that
scientific reasoning has now progressed to the point where it can offer "a
definitive statement on the existence or nonexistence of a God having the
attributes that are traditionally associated with the Judeo-Christian-Islamic
God."
God, he contends, should be detectable by scientific means, because of the role
he is supposed to play in the universe and human life. An examination which, he
argues in the books' chapters, that God fails.
Another contribution is from English philosopher A.C. Grayling. In a collection
of brief essays titled "Against All Gods," he purports to provide an
alternative to religion, based on the Western philosophical tradition.
Grayling declares his objection to religion both in terms of a belief system
and its institutional role. Moreover, he accuses apologists for faith as being
"an evasive community, who seek to avoid or deflect criticism by slipping
behind the abstractions of higher theology."
In addition to his criticisms of faith, Grayling contends that religion is now
in its death throes, soon to be replaced by a far more benign humanism.
Further polemics against faith came in "God is not Great: How Religio n
Poisons Everything" by Christopher Hitchens. The quality of the arguments
in the book, however, was found severely wanting by many reviewers. For
example, a review by Michael Skapinker, editor of the weekend edition of the
Financial Times, described the work using terms such as "intellectual and
moral shabbiness."
That hasn't stopped the book from being successful. According to a June 22
report by the Wall Street Journal, the book had sold almost 300,000 in its
first seven weeks.
Christian letters
The atheist attacks have not gone unanswered. In recent months two slim books
by evangelical Christians were published in the United States in reply to the
2006 essay by Sam Harris, "Letter to a Christian Nation."
The first is "Letter from a Christian Citizen," by Douglas Wilson, a
minister and senior fellow of theology at New St Andrews College, Idaho. In the
foreword Gary Demar echoes a common opini on among those who have reviewed the
current spate of anti-religious books. "The same tired arguments that have
been answered convincingly by any number of Christian writers over the
centuries have been trotted out in the vain hope that atheism will find a new
audience," he observed.
Wilson accuses Harris of selectively quoting texts from the Bible in an effort
to embarrass believers by highlighting outmoded cultural norms. A more unbiased
study of the Bible, particularly the New Testament Wilson argues, shows the
revolutionary nature of Christianity, which subverted many of the unjust pagan
cultural practices.
Wilson then notes that Harris reduces morality to a calculation involving
happiness and pain. If human conduct is to be regulated on this basis it will
easily be led into committing abuses against others.
Among other criticisms Wilson also accuses Harris of a superficial
interpretation of the problem that evil poses for a beli ever. According to
Harris the mere existence of a single evil act is enough to cast doubt on the
idea of a benevolent God.
The second reply to Harris is "Letter to a Christian Nation: Counter
Point," by R.C. Metcalf. Harris, he observes, makes a number of points
based on arguments related to Old Testament laws, slavery and human sexuality
in an attempt to discredit religion. Metcalf deals with each of these issues,
in general by showing how Christianity has been a force for good in society.
Moreover, Metcalf argues, Christianity provides the most secure foundation for
morally upright behavior. By contrast an atheist has no such grounding.
Religion's contribution
Another recent defense of religion came from Canadian Archbishop Thomas
Collins. Archbishop Collins received his pallium from Benedict XVI on June 29
after being installed as Toronto's archbishop in January.
On May 31 he gave a speech to the Empire Club o f Canada titled "The
Contribution of Religion to Society." The archbishop introduced his talk
by referring to the way in which religion enables us to perceive the meaning of
both the material world and of human life.
"We live in a web of relationships, and through faith see the pattern of
connections that show the purpose of our brief journey through this
world," he said.
This is particularly relevant in today's world "in which we can so easily
become lonely individuals, without purpose or direction, disconnected,
rootless, and going nowhere faster and faster," the archbishop continued.
The main part of his speech was then given over to presenting four
contributions which religion makes to society.
1. Religion enhances local communities in which human relationships can
flourish.
The Catholic Church, he explained, places great stress on subsidiarity which
fortifies smaller communities. This helps people relate to one another in a
more humane relationship, based on reverence for the personal dignity of each
of the children of God.
The ultimate community, said Archbishop Collins, is the family, today under
great pressure. The Catholic Church celebrates marriage as the stable covenant
of a man and a woman faithful in love and open to the gift of life, he
explained.
2. Religious communities make massive contributions to the common good of all
society through deeds of charity and social action.
Imagine what would happen, he asked his audience, if suddenly Toronto were
deprived of the social assistance offered daily to the most vulnerable by the
religious communities and organizations. Christians undertake such works of
charity motivated by the words of Jesus: Whatever you do for the least of my
brothers and sisters, you do for me.
3. Religious communities bring to bear on current issues the wisdom of their
heritage.
Religious people do disagree on important issues of doctrine, explained
Archbishop Collins, but they do share reverence for the human person, made in
the image and likeness of God, and have in common a tradition of working
together to address social issues.
There is a wisdom in religious tradition, he added, composed not only of
elements stemming from faith, but also made up of experience and the use of
reason.
"Whatever the irritation caused to those who profess a secularist faith --
and secularism is itself a kind of faith -- it is of great value to any healthy
society that a strong religious voice speak out on all issues of public
concern," the archbishop affirmed.
He also referred to arguments against religion based on the misdeeds committed
in the name of faith. It would be more just, however, to base our judgment on
religion looking at those who strived to live fully the reality of their faith.
"Fairness dictates that religion be judged by its saints, not by its
sinners," the archbishop maintained.
4. Religious communities endow society with beauty.
Beauty, truth, and goodness are both signs of God's presence and of that which
is greatest in humanity, Archbishop Collins explained. Religious communities
endow society with beauty through art, works of music and literature.
In conclusion the archbishop asserted that what most matters in life are not
the things that can be weighed or measured on a material scale. Unlike
materialism, which he termed "the ultimate delusion," religion
enables us to perceive harmony, beauty, and above all, love. Arguments to which
the atheists have no convincing answers.