American Men and Women and Science. 16th ed. 
(New York: McGraw-Hill), p.683. 

Black Contributors to Science and Energy Technology. 
Published: Washington: Dept. of Energy, Office of Public Affairs, 1979. 

Blacks in Science and Education.
Vivian O. Sammons. (New York: Hemisphere Publishers), 1990.

Blacks in Science: Astrophysicist to Zoologist. 
Hattie Carwell. (Hicksville, N.Y.: Exposition Press), 1977. p.16. 

Black Scientists, White Society, and Colorless Science: A Study of Universalism in american Science.
Willie Pearson, Jr. (Millwood, N.Y.: Associated Faculty Press), 1985.

Mathematicians of the African Diaspora.
Scott W. Williams, Professor of Mathematics.

The Faces of Science: African Americans in the Sciences
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

The Negro in Science. 
Julius Taylor, ed. (Baltimore, MD: Morgan State College Proess), 1955. p.189. 

Who's Who Among Black Americans. 1985. 
Northbrook, IL: Who's Who Among Black Americans, Inc. Publishing Co.), 1985. p. 88. 

Illustrations: 

Blacks in Science: Astrophysicist to Zoologist. 
Hattie Carwell. (Hicksville, N.Y.: Exposition Press), 1977. after p.48. 

Ebony Success Library: 1,000 Successful Blacks. 
(Chicago, IL: Johnson Publishing Co.), 1973. v.1, p.40.