In 1994 I and my wife Denise spent a week in Istanbul, staying a hotel where our bedroom window overlooked the back door to the Hagia Sofia. Since I have a particular interest in military architecture I took some photographs of some of the works, including; the defences of the Topkapi Palace, the Sea walls, the Yedikule Fortress and parts of the Theodosian Land walls. I hope this webpage illuminates the various works of military architecture.

Byzantium 1200 is a project aimed at creating computer reconstructions of the Byzantine Monuments located in Istanbul, TURKEY as of year 1200 AD.

Creation of the Walls

The Anastasian Long Walls

The City Walls

The Fight to Survive

The Land Walls

Castles on the Web

 Site O is a group of people from around the world that share an interest in fortifications and artillery. Some are authors on the subject, some are connected with Universities and teach it and others are simply fascinated with it.

A Dictionary of Military Architecture
An Aerial View of Masada
Anglo-Saxon Burhs
Bibliography of Military Architecture
David's Tower, Jerusalem
Drawings of Aspects of Military Architecture
Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives
More Pictures of the Theodosian Land Walls
Siege Warfare, The Art of Offence and Defence
Shiro, A Japanese Castle
The Walls of Ankara
The Defences of Constantinople
The Town Walls of Conwy
What is a Castle?

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Lawrence, A.W., A Skeletal History of Byzantine Fortification, Annual of the British School at Athens, 1983.

Tsangadas, B.C.P., The Fortifications and Defense of Constantinople, New York, 1980.

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