2005-02-07 Des Moines Register biography by Tom Longden
In the early part of the 20th century, composer Charles Gabriel was well-recognized
throughout the nation. Gabriel had risen to the top of what was then a brand-new musical
genre: gospel music. He was almost as well-known as Iowa-born evangelist Billy Sunday.
Among the thousands of hymns Gabriel wrote are many still beloved today, including:
"Brighten the Corner Where You Are" (1913), acclaimed during World War I and
popularized by soldiers on the march throughout the world. "Will the Circle Be
Unbroken" (1913), later adapted and transformed by many singing artists, such as the
Carter Family, including June Carter Cash and her husband, Johnny Cash. "His Eye Is
on the Sparrow" (1905), closely associated with singer-actress Ethel Waters, who even
used the name of the song as the title of her autobiography. Today, music historian
Kevin Mungons of Ames says, "Gabriel earned a unique place in American hymn
writing because he was equally capable of crafting a great lyric or a great melody."
Charles Hutchinson Gabriel was born Aug. 18,1856, in Cedar County, near Wilton, the
son of I.N. and Cleopatra Cotton Gabriel, who had moved to Iowa's virgin prairie from
Ohio in 1855. The elder Gabriel was both a farmer and a singing-school teacher. Gabriel,
one of seven children, grew up on the family farm near Sugar Creek and attended school
at Ayresville. At 15, inspired by Civil War songs he had heard, young Gabriel announced
that when he grew up he wanted to be a songwriter and was encouraged by his mother.
He thought of melodies during the day when he was plowing and planting, and then
wrote them down at night after his chores were finished. The family had a small reed
organ, and also acquired a piano when Gabriel was 14.
When Gabriel was 16, his father died, and the teenager followed in his footsteps as a
singing-school teacher. He left home the next year, and taught singing for the next
several 10 to 15 years. Gabriel's first hymn was published in 1873. In 1877, his
songbook, "Gabriel's Sabbath School Songs," was published. His first "hit" was "Send
the Light" (1890). Later, his "Glory Song" was translated into 17 languages and sold at
least 30 million copies.
Gabriel returned to Iowa and became Wilton's leading musician, writing marches,
polkas and leading the town's band. Gabriel played the piano, cornet and violin, was
a fine singer and excelled at arranging music. He married a Cedar County neighbor,
Fannie Woodhouse, and they had a daughter, Vera. When the marriage ended in
divorce, Gabriel began traveling again, eventually moving to California and marrying
Amelia Moore in 1888. They had a son, Charles Jr., who also became a composer.
By 1892, Gabriel was living in Chicago, to be closer to music houses and publishers
of religious music. He returned to Iowa regularly to visit family members and conduct
revivals. In 1914, Gabriel came to Des Moines to appear with evangelist Sunday on one
of his crusades. He wrote many songs that Sunday used at his revival meetings. Gabriel
also visited Washington, Ia., for a special "Charles Gabriel Day." A huge crowd turned
out, with news accounts saying cars clogged the roads.
Gabriel composed music every day. Besides writing his own songs, he set his music to
other people's lyrics, and he often used pen names, such as H.A. Henry, Charlotte G.
Homer and S.B. Jackson. Among his songs were "He Lifted Me," (1905), "Higher
Ground," "More Like the Master," "Send the Light" and "My Savior's Love."
"Brighten the Corner" featured lyrics by Ina Mae Duley Ogdon, and Ruth Ada
Habershon wrote the original lyrics of "Will the Circle Be Unbroken." Civilla D.
Martin supplied the lyrics to "His Eye Is on the Sparrow," which Gabriel said was
his favorite composition.
Prolific Gabriel wrote Christmas cantatas and at least five books of church music, as
well as editing dozens of other books of religious music. From 1912 on, he was
associated with the well-known Homer Rodeheaver Publishing Co. He became wealthy.
He retired to California in 1926, and when he died at his son's home in Hollywood on
Sept. 14, 1932, the Los Angeles Times said Gabriel had written 8,000 songs. His ashes
were interred at Los Angeles' Chapel of the Pines.