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The Verdict Is In.
The People Said NO to MAPS.
This site was created in advance of the 1998 MAPS referendum in Birmingham, Alabama.
It is being maintained because there is still some interest in MAPS today.

Maps & Legends

What is MAPS?

Stadium news from other cities

NOTE: This page has not been updated since August 1998; see the Field of Schemes news page or city-by-city page for the latest on stadium swindles.

[Also see] The Sport Swindle Ticker and City-by-City Updates at the Field of Schemes website. And the Ransom Notes page of stadium news at the New Rules Project website.


Baltimore

In 1995 Baltimore convinced the Cleveland Browns to quit their hometown - where fans regularly bought out a 70,000-seat stadium - and move to Maryland. Part of the deal was a promise to build the team a brand-new stadium.

Baltimore, the home of Camden Yards ballpark, is frequently held up as a shining example of what new sports facilities can do for a city. What effect has the famous Oriole Park actually had on the community that paid for it?


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Denver

The Denver Broncos want to tear down Mile High Stadium and have taxpayers pay for most of the $395 million for a new stadium. These same taxpayers are still paying the bill for $215 million Coors Field. Here's what Citizens Opposing the Stadium Tax (COST) has to say:
Mile High Stadium can be used safely and effectively for the next 30 years. It would be a waste of a good facility to tear it down. . . . Mayor Webb and City Attorney Dan Muse are on record as saying that the Broncos have a valid and enforceable lease until the year 2018. The only way for them to get out of this lease would be for them to blatantly break it and walk away. Doing this would expose them and possibly even the National Football League to very serious litigation from the City of Denver and a public relations debacle. Because of this, we do not believe their threats to sell and move the team are real. You shouldn't either.

Apparently unimpressed, the Denver Nuggets basketball team is reportedly expecting a turn at the public trough.

The case against the Broncos stadium
Denver Post stadium news
Rocky Mountain News: Denver Broncos coverage
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Detroit

Neil deMause, co-author of Field of Schemes, reports:

Little Caesar's Pizza owner Mike Ilitch has received approval to tear down Tiger Stadium, a national historic site, and move his Detroit Tigers into a new ballpark on downtown land donated by the city. In all, Ilitch will get $320 million in state and city funds for two new stadiums, one for the Tigers and one for the Detroit Lions, which still have several years remaining on their stadium lease in suburban Pontiac. Ilitch is scheduled to kick in $145 million of his own money, but that should be more than compensated by the lucrative parking rights granted to him by the city as part of the deal.

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Miami

Neil deMause, co-author of Field of Schemes, reports:

Broward County is spending $212 million to build a new hockey arena for billionaire (and ex-Blockbuster Video CEO) Wayne Huizenga's Florida Panthers, while neighboring Dade County is paying for three-quarters of the cost of a $162.5 million basketball arena for the Miami Heat and their owner, billionaire (and Carnival Cruise Lines CEO) Mickey Arison. Along with the soon-to-be-vacant Miami Arena (built in 1988 at a cost of $53 million, and currently shared by the two teams), this will leave the region with three nearly new publically funded arenas for just two teams.

Huizenga, meanwhile, is in the process of selling his World Champion Florida Marlins baseball team, as a precursor to demanding a new stadium.

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North Carolina

On May 5, voters in Greensboro and Winston-Salem rejected a proposal to finance a baseball stadium with a 1-cent tax on prepared foods. In Guilford County, the vote was 2-to-1 against; in Forsyth County 59% voted No.

The $210 million baseball park would have cost taxpayers $140 million. Private investors would cover the balance of the cost. If approved, it might have become the home of the Minnesota Twins, who are now reportedly looking at Charlotte, N.C.

Greensboro News-Record
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Minneapolis/St. Paul

Minnesota rejected public stadium funding in 1997, despite determined efforts by the Minnesota Twins, including a threat to move to North Carolina. Yet the state has subsidized the new Minnesota Wild hockey team, and the Twins have not given up.

The opposition was led by GAGME (Grassroots Against Government-Mandated Entertainment), whose website includes extensive discussion of stadium issues.

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Ohio

The following findings are from a 1998 "Ohio Poll," sponsored by the Cincinnati Enquirer and the University of Cincinnati.
Over the last five years, one of the hottest political and social issues facing the areas surrounding several of Ohio's major cities, including Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus, has been the extent to which government should act to keep, or attempt to attract, professional sports teams. The latest Ohio Poll asked state residents about one common approach Ohio communities have considered as a means of keeping, or attracting professional sports teams: government funding of new stadiums and coliseums using tax dollars.

Sixty-eight percent of Ohioans say professional sports teams are not important enough to spend tax money on stadiums and coliseums for this purpose, while thirty-one percent say sports teams are important enough to spend tax money on stadiums and coliseums.

. . . Ohioans in almost all demographic and geographic groups have large majorities that say professional sports teams are not important enough to spend tax money on stadiums and coliseums to keep teams in Ohio, or to lure them to Ohio. Young Ohioans, between 18 and 29 years old, are evenly split between whether or not public spending to keep or lure sports teams is a good idea.

These findings are based on the most recent Ohio Poll conducted by the Institute for Policy Research at the University of Cincinnati from January 20 through February 3, 1998.

Read the Ohio Poll press release
A Tale of Two Cities - Cleveland's ballpark development
Ohio Sen. Horn's page on stadium issues
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Oklahoma City

Oklahoma City is building a minor-league ball park and several smaller projects, and the city specified that its sales tax increase would expire after five years. However, cost overruns have forced the city government to consider asking voters for an extension of the sales tax increase.

Latest Oklahoma City MAPS news
Official Oklahoma City MAPS website
MAPS project runs into budget snag
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Phoenix

The Bank One Ballpark in downtown Phoenix was mainly financed by a 1/4-cent sales tax increase, with a cap on the total amount of funds to be raised in this way. Owners of the Arizona Diamondbacks contributed 32 percent of the cost.

BOB pictures and stats
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Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh area voters defeated a stadium sales tax proposal last November. So on July 9 the city's Regional Asset District board went to "Plan B," adopting an alternate funding scheme to build two new stadiums and expand a convention center.

Of the $809 million cost, most will be financed through existing tax revenues and new bond debt. The Pirates will give $40 million; the Steelers, $76.5 million.

The money will be used to build a $228 million baseball park at the end of the Sixth Street Bridge on the North Shore; a $233 million football stadium, just west of Three Rivers Stadium; and a $267 million expansion of the convention center. Once the outstanding $40 million debt on Three Rivers is paid, the stadium will be demolished. Another $30 million will go into a fund to create an entertainment center.

Allegheny Institute criticizes original funding plan
Pirates, Steelers finances remain guarded secret
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San Francisco

In June 1997 voters narrowly approved spending $100 million toward a $525 million project that would provide a stadium for the '49ers and an adjacent shopping mall.

Special Report: The '49ers Stadium Saga
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Seattle

Seattle Seahawks owner (and Microsoft co-founder) Paul Allen spent $4.2 million to win a 1997 referendum granting $300 million in state money toward construction of a new football stadium.

Meanwhile, work continues on the baseball stadium ordered by state legislators in 1995, even after Seattle voters rejected a tax hike to fund it. Safeco Field, projected for completion in July 1999, has a price tag of $415 million. That's a cost overrun of 29.68% compared with initial estimate of $320 million.

Owners of the Seattle Mariners ball club are contributing only $75 million to the total; the rest comes from a tax on prepared foods and rental cars. Some Washington state lottery sales will also go to the stadium, along with proceeds from the sale of stadium license plates.

The Mariners announced June 4 that the field will be named Safeco Field. Safeco Insurance Co. bought the naming rights with a pledge of $1.8 million per year for the next 20 years.

Safeco Field pictures and stats
Mariners have no significant impact on Seattle economy
Ending Professional Sports Welfare
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Tampa-St. Petersburg

Unoccupied for much of its eight-year history, the domed stadium in St. Petersburg has been an important bargaining chip for the Chicago White Sox and several other major-league teams. In 1989 the White Sox threatened to depart for St. Petersburg, a move that helped them win a stadium deal in their home town. In 1992 the San Francisco Giants announced a move to Tampa Bay but allowed their hometown to "rescue" them by coughing up money for a new stadium. The Tampa Bay dome starred in other teams' scare stories as well.

The St. Petersburg city government completed the "Florida Suncoast Dome" in 1990. It remained unoccupied until 1993, when the Tampa Bay Lightning hockey team took up residence and dubbed the place the "Thunderdome."

In 1995 Tampa Bay finally received a Major League Baseball franchise. The Devil Rays began playing in 1996, the same year that the field was renamed Tropicana Field in a deal with Tropicana Dole Beverages Inc.

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Toledo

Toledo residents voted down a proposed sales tax increase to finance a $35.4 million stadium for the Toledo Mud Hens baseball team.

The May 5 vote was 59% to 41% against the tax increase - despite the fact that those in favor of the stadium outspent opponents by an estimated 200 to 1. Opposition was led by "People Incensed by the Stadium Tax" (PIST).

Toledo Libertarian Party news
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