Windows Tip: Internet Tweaks
X-Setup allows you to change your Internet settings without mucking around in your browser or you system configurations. With the Wizard, select the Internet tab. MORE TIPS>>>>

P-N JUNCTION DIODE: One point that needs to be recognized is that there is a limit to the magnitude of the reverse voltage that can be applied to any PN junction. 

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GAS TRIODE: Generally, when gas-filled tubes are in the state of ionization, they are illuminated internally by a soft, blue glow. This glow is brightest in the space between the electrodes and of lesser intensity throughout the remainder of the tube envelope. This glow is normal and must not be confused with the glow present in high-vacuum tubes when gases are present.                    MORE ON VACUUM TUBES>>>>

TRANSISTOR: The discovery of the first transistor in 1948 by a team of physicists at the Bell Telephone Laboratories sparked an interest in solid-state research that spread rapidly. The transistor, which began as a simple laboratory oddity, was rapidly developed into a semiconductor device of major importance. The transistor demonstrated for the first time in history that amplification in solids was possible. Before the transistor, amplification was achieved only with electron. MORE ON TRANSISTORS>>>>

AC-TRANSFORMER: Illustrates the configuration of a typical transformer. Here, coils of insulated conducting wire are wound around a ring of iron constructed of thin isolated laminations or sheets. The laminations minimize eddy currents in the iron. Eddy currents are circulatory currents induced in the metal by the changing magnetic field.                                       
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The IBM 010 punch was one of the first devices designed to perforate cards. A hole or the lack of a hole in a card represented information that could be read by early computers. Modern optical storage devices, such as CD-ROMs, use microscopic pits instead of punched paper holes to store information.  

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