SERRASALMIDAE
CLASSIFICATION LIST
FROM FRANK MAGALLANES
The term "TRUE PIRANHA or TRUE CARIBE" is applied solely for genus Pygocentrus. The remainder of the genera are loosely called the following; CARIBE, CARIBITO, GUACARITOS, ENCARNADA, MUDA, MUFURA, PALOMETA, PAÑA, PINCHES, MUCURA, PIRAMBEBA, and PIRANHA
This list is comprised of all known scientific species names and their current bionomic standing. In some situations, I have placed the original (portions of) historical citation with a reference link to the actual species now recognized as valid. These fish herein are accepted by their native common name of pirambeba, caribito, palometa, paña and loosely called piranha or caribe. This native common name has validity and placement by historical authors to differentiate from the other loose name; piranha and caribe (MYERS, 1972 et al and State of Oregon vs. Magallanes, Case No. 93-CR-0124VI 1993), which I have restricted to those known to be potentially dangerous to man, genus Pygocentrus.
The Serrasalmus species primary diet is; fins, pieces of fish with one or two species eating fruit/seeds as part of the diet. Majority of photos are representative of the species described. Breeding information is based on in-country information and hobbyists reports. In some cases, I have taken water chemistry information and habitat using this for a guide to create the breeding information portion.
Valid species list - Current as of March 2015
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Merckx, Jégu & Santos 2000 Amazon Basin, Uatumã River, Brazil |
Kner 1858 Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela |
Valenciennes 1850 Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil and Peru |
Fernández-Yépez 1969 Orinoco River basin, Venezuela |
Géry1964 Ucayali River basin, Peru |
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Ramirez 1965 Orinoco River basin, Venezuela |
Jégu & Santos 1988 Tocantins River basin, Brazil |
Peters 1877 Orinoco River basin, Venezuela |
Machado-Allison, Fink, López Rojas & Rodenas 1993 Coastal rivers of Venezuela |
Valenciennes 1850 Amazon River basin and (?) Essequibo River basin: Amazon(?), Brazil, Guyana(?) and Peru; (not Argentina) |
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Burmeister 1861 (likely Pygocentrus) Poor description. Whereabouts unknown. Province of Entre Ríos, west of city of Paraná, Río Paraná Argentina |
Castelnau 1855 Tocantins river basin, Brazil |
Kner 1858 Amazon and Paraguay-Paraná River basin; Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. |
Spix & Agassiz 1829 Amazon River basin, Brazil |
Kner 1858 Guaporé River basin, Paraná River basin: Argentina and Brazil |
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Lüken 1875 São Francisco River Basin, Brazil |
Fink & Machado-Allison 1992 Amazon and Orinoco river basins: Brazil and Venezuela |
Fernández-Yépez & Ramirez 1967 Amazon and Orinoco River basins; Brazil and Venezuela |
Burmeister 1861 No types known (poor description) Argentina, province of Santa Fé, city of Rosario, Río Paraná |
Serrasalmus species Under description - pending release (name withheld) Bolivian Amazon plain |
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Jégu, Leao & Santos 1991 Middle Amazon River Basin: Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. |
Fink & Machado-Allison 2001 Negro River basin, Brazil |
Valenciennes 1837 Paraguay-Paraná basin: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay |
Hubert [N.] & Renno [j.-F] 2010 rio San Martin and Rio Paraga, Bolivia, (Peru?) |
Serrasalmus species Under description - pending release (name withheld) Amazon Delta |
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Norman 1929 Amazon River Basin and northern and eastern Guiana shield rivers: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela |
Eigenmann 1915 Madeira River basin and (?) Guyana rivers: Brazil and Guiana(?) (see spilopleura, this may be juvenile) |
Ramirez 1965 Orinoco River basin, Venezuela |
Linnaeus 1766 Amazon and Orinoco River basins, northern and eastern Guiana Shield, and northeastern Brazilian coastal rivers; Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela |
Serrasalmus species Under description - pending release (name withheld) Venezuela |
CURRENT SPECIES AND THE COUNTRY RANGE, 1987-2015
Antonio Machado-Allison, William L. Fink, Michel Jégu, Nicholas Hubert
Species listed with a question mark (?) are those that have not been authenticated by current rehabilitations. In this regard both S. hollandi and S. humeralis are species that have not been completely rehabilitated. Some questions need to be answered in regard to its actual range and a better description. Confusion seems to be centered on photographs purported to be S. humeralis v S. manueli. S. hollandi, is also a sketchy species that is uncertain.
NOTE: Bolivia; presently, S. rhombeus is wide spread, but is also proving to be a very complex species. Its variety of body color and pattern markings provide evidence then this species needs to be carefully reviewed. Dr. Michel Jégu, a French ichthyologist is presently examining some Bolivian species of S. rhombeus-morph types that are unusual.
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ARGENTINA |
BOLIVIA |
BRAZIL |
COLUMBIA |
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ECUADOR |
FRENCH GUIANA |
GUYANA |
PARAGUAY |
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1Jégu, M. 2003 Serrasalminae (Pacus and piranhas). p. 182-196. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
Other historical names (synonyms) and questionable species
Compiled from California Academy of Sciences Catalog list
Some links below have images
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UNKNOWN (undescribed) Serrasalmus species and About SPILO CF:
REFERENCES
Eschmeyer, W. N. & Fricke, R. (eds.) Catalog of Fishes electronic version (30 November 2011). VIEW
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UPDATED: 03/08/2015
