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Classification Of Poisons
By Waseem Shehzad (PMC)
waseem_dr@hotmail.com
1. CORROSIVES
· MINERAL ACIDS---------sulphuric ,nitric and hydrochloric ACIDS.
· ORGANIC ACIDS---------acetic,oxalic ,carbolic and salisylic ACIDS.
· VEGETABLE ACIDS---------hydrocyanic acid
· ALKALIES-------------------caustic soda and potash,amm.hydroxide
·
2. IRRITANTS
· MECHANICAL-----------powdered glass,chopped hair,dry sponge, diamond dust
· ORGANIC -----------------VEGETABLE POISONS(castor oil seeds ,croton oil,abrus,colocynth,ergot,capsicums,marking
nut,madar,chitra and lal chaitra, AND ANIMAL POISONS(canthrides and snakes etc)
· INORGANIC------------------NON METALLIC(halogens and phosphorus) METALLIC(arsenic,lead
,mercury,copper,etc)
3. NEUROTICS
· SPINAL-------------nux vomica and its alkaloids as strychnine,gelsemium
· CEREBRAL-----------SOMNIFEROUS(opoids),INEBRIENT(alcohols,anesthetics,sedatives,hypnotics,fuels,organp-PO4
compounds. DELERIENT(dhatura ,belladonna,hyocyamus,cannabis.)
· PERIPHERAL----------curare and conium.
4. CARDIAC------digitalis aconite,nicotine and oleander.
5. ASPHYXIANTS----------CO,CO2,sewar gas and war gas.
MISCELLANEOUS-----analgesics antipyretics,antihistaminics ,antidepressants,tranquillizers,stimulants,hallucinogens,street
drugs.
Fatal Doses Of Poisons
1. OXALIC ACID
15 GM
2. PHENOL
20 DROPS OF PURE PHENOL
3. HYDROCYANIC ACID 50 TO 60 mg
4. POT. CYANIDE
200 mg
5.
PHOSPHORUS
60 TO 120 mg
6. IODINE
2 GM
7. ARSENIC
120 TO 200 mg
8. MERCURY
1 TO 2 GM
9. LEAD
0.5 GM
10. LEAD CARBONATE 4 GM
11. LEAD ACETATE 20 GM
12. COPPER
30 GM OF CUSO4
13. THALLIUM
1 GM
14. ZINC
15 GM OF ZnSO4 AND 400 mg OF ZnCl2
15. CASTOR OIL
6 mg 10 SEEDS
16. CROTON
20 DROPS OR 4 SEEDS
17. ABRUS
1 TO 2 SEEDS OF RATI OR 90 TO 120 mg ABRIN BY INJECTION
18. COLOCYNTH
1 TO 2 GM
19. ERGOT
1 GM
20. CAPSICUM
21. MARKING NUT 5 TO 10 GM
22. CALOTROPIS OR MADAR UNCERTAIN
23. LALCHIOTRA
==============
24. CANTHRIDES
15 GM
25. SNAKES
· 15 mg cobra venom
· 20 mg viper venom’
· 6 to 8 mgm krait and saw scaled viper venom
26. POWDERED GLASS
27. OPIUM
2 GM AND 10 ML TINCTURE
28. MORPHINE
200 mg
29. HERION
30. ALCOHOL
350 mg percent in blood
31. METHYL ALCOHOL 60 TO 240 ML
32. CHLORAL HYDRATE 5 GM
33. BARBITURATES
· LONG ACTING 10 mg / ml of blood
· Intermediate acting 7 ============
· Short acting 3==========
34. PETROLEUM
35. Kerosene oil
more than 10 ml
36. Organo Phosphorus Compounds
· HETP 160 MG I/V
· TEPP 50 ========
· PARATHION AND OMPA 80 mg I/V
· ENDRIN I gm to 6 gm
· Naphtha lene 2 gm
· Paraquet 1 to 2 gm weedol
37. DHATURA
60 mg for adults
38. HYOSCYAMINE 125 mg
39. Hyoscine HBr
15 to 30 mg
40. CANNBIS
· charas 2 gm / kg
· ganja 8 gm ./kg
· bhang 10 ====
41.
STRYCHNINE
1 crushed seed or 15 to 30 mgm
42.
CURARE
30 to 60 mg
43. Conium piece of a plant 1 cm in diameter
44.
DIGITALIS
15 to 30 mg digitalin and 4 mg digitoxin
45.
OLEANDER
15 gm of root
46. DABUR
47.
ACONITE
1 gm root or 250 mg extract OR 4mg of alkaloid
48.
NICOTINE
60 mg OR 2 gm tobacco OR I teaspoon of insecticide
49. I cigeraate contains 1 g m tobacco
50. CARBON MONOXIDE
· when at rest 0.1 percent in air cause coma ,stupor in 2 to 3 hrs
· when exercising , 1 =========================20 minutes
· CO2-------------25 TO 3O PERCENT CAUSE INSTANTANEOUS COLLAPSE AND DEATH
Fatal Periods Of Poisons
NOTE (In brackets there is written the delayed periods in case of delayed deaths due to some reasons.)
· OXALIC ACID-----------------------1 hour (maximum 5 days)
· PHENOL-------------------------------3 to 4 hrs (may be 3 min to 36 hrs )
· HYDROCYANIC ACID-------------2 to 10 min
· POT CYANIDE------------------------
· PHOSPHORUS-------------------------from collapse with in 24 hrs (6 to 7 days)
· IODINE-----------------------------------24 hrs
· ARSENIC---------------------------------2 to 3 hrs in narcotic form,12 to 48 hrs in GIT form.
· MERCURY--------------------------------few hrs (3 to 5 days by uremia)
· LEAD----------------------------------------2 to 3 days
· COPPER------------------------------------12 to 24 hrs(3 to 5 days)
· THALLIUM--------------------------------2 days to 2 weeks
· ZINC------------------------------------------24 hrs
· CASTOR OIL---------------------------------several days elapsed before death
· CROTON OIL-------------------------------4 to 6 hrs(3 to 6 days)
· ABRUS OR RATI-----------------------------3 to 5 days
· COLOCYNTH----------------------------------24 hrs to few days
· ERGOT-------------------------------------------24 hrs to few days
· MARKING NUT---------------------------------12 to 24 hrs
· MADAR--------------------------------------------12 hrs
· LAL CHITRA--------------------------------------uncertain
· CANTHARIDES-----------------------------------24 hrs to a week
· SNAKES
1. instantaneous death from shock
2. cobra venom------------------------------few min to hours
3. viper venom------------------------------few days
· OPIUM AND MORPHINE--------------------9 to 12 hrs
· ALCOHOL----------------------------------------12 to 24 hrs(5 to 6 days)
1. METHYL ALCOHOL--------------------------24 to 36 hrs(3 to 4 days)
· CHLORAL HYDRATE-------------------------8 to 12 hrs(2 to 3 days)
· BARBITURATES---------------------------------24 to 48 hrs (several days)
· PETROLEUM--------------------------------------
· KEROSINE OIL----------------------------------more than 10 ml
· ORGANO po4-------------------------------------0.5 to 3 hrs
· ENDRIN--------------------------------------------o.5 to several hrs
· NAPHTHALENE---------------------------------few hrs to 2 to 3 days
· PARAQUET----------------------------------------immediately OR within 2 weeks from ADULT RESPIRATORY
DISTRESS SYNDROME.
· DHATURA------------------------------------------24 hrs
· HYOCYAMUS-------------------------------------24 hrs
· CANNABIS INDICA-----------------------------12 hrs
· STRYCHNINE-------------------------------------1 to 2 hrs
· CURARE--------------------------------------------1 to 2 hrs
· CONIUM--------------------------------------------few hrs
· DIGITALIS-----------------------------------------1 to 24 hrs
· OLEANDER---------------------------------------24 hrs
· ACONITE------------------------------------------6 hrs
· NICOTINE-----------------------------------------few min to few hrs
· CARBON MONOXIDE
1. when at rest ,0.1 PERCENT in atmosphere can result in coma and stupor wthin 2 to 3 hrs AND SAME WITH 1
PERCENT ,in 20 minutes.
· HYDROGEN SULFIDE--------------------------0.2 PERCENT air conc. In few minutes.
· ASPIRIN---------------------------------------------few min to few hours
· PARACETAMOL-----------------------------------3 to 5 days
· ANTIHISTAMINICS
· ANTIDEPRESSANTS
· AMPHETAMINES
· COCAINE----------------------------------------------24 hrs
· HALLUCINOGENS-----------------------------------no death can be estimated from blood
and other organs
· CARBON DIOXIDE------------------------------25 to 30 percent or 50 percent can cause instantaneous collapse and
death.
(Prepared from PARIKH) |