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THE WEST PAPUAN CASE -HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES
Ever since the Indonesians set foot on Papuan soil,
human rights abuses have
been the rule of the day. In the antiquity or the dream
time, the Indonesian
quest had been Papuan slaves and the birds of paradise.
Since 1962 however
the quest has been for the rich mineral deposits [gold,
copper, nickel, oil
etc.], the vast virgin forest with its timber and the
'empty' land. The West
Papuans have had to be removed from their land by hook
or by crook.
Political prisoners and detainees in Irian Jaya continue
to be subjected to
ill treatment and torture by police and military
authorities, particularly
in the early stages of their detention. Indonesian
security forces have also
been responsible for the extrajudicial execution and
'disappearances' of
suspected OPM activists and sympathizers both in Irian
Jaya and Papua New
Guinea.
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE GENOCIDE
Dr. Kees Lagerberg reported that an estimated 300,000
people had disappeared
without trace. This is an awful lot of people in
anybody's language, but it
is more horrific if one considers that the estimated
population of the
territory was about 700,000 in the early 1960, and about
one million in the
1980's, when Dr. Lagerberg made the claim. Thus 30% of
the population has
simply vanished from the face of this earth. A small
portion of this could
be explained, the aerial bombardment claimed 80,000
lives, exile and
refugees at its highest [ 1984-1985] totaled 13,000,
known massacres 13,000,
that totals roughly 106,000. So, where did the remainder
go? If one looks at
the abysmal level of health care system for the rural
population, the
disease statistics meager though they are, one could not
help but conclude
that this population is rapidly declining directly or
indirectly, as the
result of Government policies, therefore man made
policies. At the start of
the accession to power in the territory, the
[Indonesian] Government Policy
was to eliminate all politically literate and educated
West Papuan elite,
because she feared that their presence will hamper the
process of
Indonisation. [see the "isolated" murders, and
disappearances]. The
Government's Family Planning Program which stresses the
policy of smaller
family size also spells disaster for this Melanesian
race. Therefore there
is an element of urgency to stem this decline lest this
ethnic Melanesian
race may not survive beyond the first two decades of
next century.
In this account we will list as many accounts of
killings and massacres as
known to us. This list is by no means complete. It is
constructed from many
and varied sources: published works [Books, Newspapers,
Journals], verbal
and written accounts and reports from relatives and
friends of the victims
and general observers living on the spot or itinerant
travelers through the
territory, during the past 30 years.
We will attempt as much as possible to verify
information filtered to us
from these sources. Many informants do not wish their
names be quoted and
that we will respect at all times. Excluded from this
list are those killed
in Armed Conflict with the Military, in other words a
Papuan shot dead while
holding an offensive weapon be it a bow and arrow, a
spear or firearm. This
distinction is important because Indonesian soldier,
cruel though he might
be, is entitled to self defence.
Further the list will distinguish those killed during
aerial bombardment and
machine gun strafings, [the death toll of which are
impossible to ascertain
with any accuracy], massacre by ground troops, [in some
massacres body count
is impossible, but where this is possible it will be
given, when names are
given, they will be listed], individual killings and
deaths in
police/security custody and disappearance without trace,
will be reported as
accurately as possible.
The worse form of Genocide for which no evidence could
be produced against
the State of Indonesia, namely the neglect of health
services causing
increased deaths from preventable diseases, forced
translocations of people,
e.g. from the highlands to coastal area, where the
highlanders being
non-immune to malaria succumb en mass to cerebral
malaria [the particular
case of Amunge people of Akimuka in the Free Port Mining
site], or from
fertile arable land to less fertile and or unarable
land, resulting in
periods of gross famine when minimal weather changes
occur.
Some of the killings will be described in their gory
details, to illustrate
that this is not a responsible and humane government,
she pretends to be.
But a brutal, repressive colonial Government.
To keep this document as short as possible, only one or
two reports will be
quoted in full.
2. THE AERIAL BOMBARDMENT.
The Aerial bombardment was, directed at the most densely
populated areas
namely the Highlands of Baliem, [valley], Paniai and
Wissel lake district,
the Arfak mountains [the hinterland of Manokwari] and
the Ayamaru lake
district. The bombardments extract maximum toll from the
population, for
they kill in 3 ways. First the immediate impact of the
bombs and shrapnel
killing some of the people instantly or die later from
the sustained wounds.
Second, the devastation of village live-stocks and
gardens, causing deaths
from starvation, malnutrition and infection. And last,
deaths of parents or
able bodied men and women, resulting in slower and
perhaps incomplete
re-establishment of the village subsistence, causing
more deaths from
starvation and infections.
This is Indonesia's way of settling disputes/complaints
by the Indigenous
tribesmen against Indonesian soldiers who trampled their
gardens or abused
their elders and women.
2.1: APRIL 1969, WISSEL LAKE DISTRICT [PANIAI AND
ENAROTALI AREA].
The area was bombarded as a prelude to the Purapura Act.
Indonesia used U.S.
made and supplied planes, including B26 [Mitchell]
bombers and the counter
insurgency plane UV 10 Bronco. Plane no. 267 was flown
by a Capt. Harsono.
An estimated 14,000 Papuans fled into the bush. [In
Robin Osborne's
'Indonesia's secret war' p32].
2.2: "PANIAI REVOLT 2"
This resulted from heavy handed manner in which
Indonesian officials tried
to get the people to select representatives to the
Purapura Act. Apparently
the people had selected, "unsuitable" representatives
[unsuitable to the
Indonesian Government's criteria], and were told to
select a new group of
deputies. The people objected to this, resulting in
Indonesian military
retaliation by bombing the villages. [The reader should
consult Indonesia's
official report to the Secretary General; U.N.
Publication A/7723, 6
November, 1969]. The number of people killed or injured
was not known.
2.3 ARFAK MOUNTAINS. 1966-1967.
2.4 AYAMARU AND TEMINABUAN AREA 1967 JANUARY 17 - MARCH
29.
2.5 AKIMUGA/FREE PORT MINING AREA 1977.
2.6 BALIEM VALLEY 1977-78
2.7 VILLAGE OF NAGASAWA/ORMO KECIL
The village situated at the Northern foot of 5000 ft.
[2000m] Cyclop Massif,
was shelled and strafed from the sea and air
respectively around the
beginning of July, 1984. There was no escape for the
villagers, because the
sea, their only escape route, was blocked by the Naval
gun boats. Most of
the villagers were dead or dying when the ground troops
moved in to complete
the massacre. A total of 200 men, women and children
were reported
slaughtered like animals. Two women who were some
distant away from the
village could only watch horror stricken. They were the
only survivors. They
later escaped to Vanimo in Papua New Guinea to tell the
gruesome story.
[W.P.O. 8 (1984/1985) 3, 4:4].
2.8 VILLAGES OF TARONTA, TAKAR AND MASI-MASI.
These villagers all in the Pantai Timur district of
Sarmi were also shelled
from the sea. The death toll of these bombardments are
not known, but the
villages of Taronta and Takar are fairly large for
coastal standards. During
the Dutch period in the 1950 each of them had 1500 and
2000 people. The
survivors have deserted the villages and are known to be
living in and
around Jayapura. The reason for the bombing is not
known.
3. THE MASSACRES
3.1: Henk de Mari gave an account of 55 men from two
villages in North Biak
who were taken to empty land between the two villages
and forced to dig a
big hole in the ground. They were then shot dead and the
bodies fell into
the hole. June 1971 was given as the time of the
incident. The names of the
villages nor of the victims were not mentioned. The
original report was by
Henk de Mari, who visited the area and written to Dutch
daily De Telegraaf
on 11th, 12th, and 19th October 1974.
3.2: NORTH BIAK. MAY 1970.
The massacre of mainly women and children. One woman
named Maria Bonsapia,
pregnant at the time was shot dead and her abdomen
ripped open with bayonet
and the unborn foetus cut out of the womb and dissected
on the spot. When
Maria's sister protested, she was pack-raped and later
shot dead. The
murderers were from ABRI's Udayana Division.
3.3: LEREH DISTRICT, SOUTH WEST OF SENTAIN INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT.
500 villagers were found massacred and their bodies left
to rot in the
jungle. Dates nor names of the victims were given.
3.4: NORTH BIAK, BUSDORI, KRISDORI AND AMPOMBUKOR
VILLAGES IN 1974, TOTAL 45
PEOPLE KILLED.
A total of 45 people were murdered. They were; Eduard
Mambenar aged 20,
Everdina Pariaribo [f] age 45, Esevus Dawan 10, Julianus
Dawan 45, Ferdinand
Kmur 42, Julianus Kmur 30, Kaleb Kmur 50, Martinus Kmur
22, Gerzon Kmur 15,
Robert Kmur 30, Benjamin Kmur 32, Alfrida Kmur-Bonsapia
[f] 20, Jonas Kmur
30, Sefnat Kmur 25, Semuel Kmur 18, Eduard Dimara 20,
Darius Kararbo 23,
Lodewijk Rumbrapuk 50, Frederik Rumbrapuk 45, Alex Nab
35, Mateus Nab 17,
Amos Opiaref 15, Derek Kararbo 40, Josias Kararbo 32,
Kristian Kararbo 30,
Nicolaas Kararbo 44, Gerard Kararbo 40, Arie Kararbo 13,
freddy Manggaprouw
16, Karel Ab 35, Terjanus Ab 25, Adolof Ab 18, Laurens
Ab 20, Stefanus Ai
19, Josef Ai 60, Jaconias Mofu 30, Carlos Mofu 17,
Jacomina Meosido [f] 40,
Jesaja Adadikam 50, Nathanael Awom 53, Ananias Awom 31,
Arie Bonkoibo 12,
Lea Korwa [f] 50, Alexander Bonsapia 25, Dolfinus Parkah
24.
The exact date of massacre is not given by West Papua
Courier, but the year
was 1974. Note that the same villages had been visited
before by the
military [3.1 above] and because of the inclusions of
women and children in
the West Papua Courier's account, we must assume that
the two reports
related to, were of two different events. The total
death toll therefore is
121. [report from West Papua Courier 3 (1980) 3:10.,
Tapol's West Papua: el
Mnuvom 55**, Konstantein Mnuro 35**, Mina Awendu [f]
20**, Peresina Awndu 16
[student]**. The names of 20 other victims from Makuker
and Workrar villages
are not given, Total numbers of deaths 41 people. [West
Papua Courier
3(1980) 3:11]
3.5: THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE FROM ARWAM [*] AND RUMBIN [**]
VILLAGES ALSO ON
BIAK ISLAND WAS MASSACRED IN 1975: [TOTAL 41 PEOPLE].
Adolf Arwam age 40 years[*], Dirk Arwam 50*, Demianus
Arwam 40*, Barnabas
Arwam 50*, Johanenes Arwam 30*, Jonas Awendu 30*, Josias
Awndu 25*, Joas
Kmur 8 [school boy]*, Amon workrar 55*, Jonas Workrar 12
[school boy]*,
Atris Workrar 18 [student]*, Pince Workrar 16
[student]*, Nabot Rumbrawer
50**, Amon Obaya 35**, Jan Mandibo 40**, Speni
3.6 DOSAI DISTRICT JAYAPURA. 6 PEOPLE.
The bodies of 6 persons were discovered on April 4,
1978. They had
apparently been shot. Identification of the bodies were
not possible.
3.7 MAY 1978 AT TIOM STATION DISTRICT TIOM, JAYAWIJAYA
REGION; TOTAL 125
PEOPLE.
125 people were massacred by machine gun fire for
alleged collaboration with
OPM. Names of the victims were not given. The names of
the 5 leaders who
surrendered to save the villagers were beaten with red
hot iron bars, then
deliberately and repeatedly stabbed to death with red
hot iron rods.
The names of the 5 victims were; Labang Wenda, Kaleb
Wenda, We Wanibo,
Wanengen Wanibo, and Piranggen Wakerkwa. Their bodies
were put in bags and
dumped into pit latrine. The operation was carried out
by ABRI unit 752,753
and Kodim Wamena. Witness: Sariname Tabuni, Enos
Wanimbo, Pontius Jikwa, and
the residents of Tiom station. [source report by N. Ipo
Hou, June 30, 1989
and also included in section on "Gangland style killing"
vide infra].
3.8 NORTH BIAK TOTAL 12 PEOPLE.
Date and name of the village are not given. Incident. 12
people [men, women
and children] left the village and went to camp in the
bush to collect sago
for a village feast. They had obtained prior permission
from the appropriate
Indonesian authority for their absence from the village.
A passing
Indonesian patrol stumbled upon the sago gatherers and
proceeded by mowing
them down with machine gun without warning. The massacre
was discovered only
when the stench of the rotting bodies brought a hunter
to the site of the
massacre. The name of the village and the date had been
withheld at the
request of the living relatives for fear of Indonesian
reprisals.
3.9 OPERASI TUMPAS [AYAMARU, TEMINABUAN AND INANUATAN.
NUMBER OF VICTIMS NOT
KNOWN.
Massacres in Ayamaru, Teminabuan and Inanuatan under the
code name of
Operasi Tumpas, [operation obliteration], in 1967,
caused over 1500 loss of
lives. Exact number and locations of the massacres were
not given.
3. 10 JAYAPURA REGION: TOTAL 14 PEOPLE.
At post 7, West of Sentani International Airport, the
bodies of 14 persons
were discovered on June 16, 1978. They had apparently
been shot dead.
Identification were not possible.
3.11 BABUMA VILLAGE KELILA DISTRICT JAYAWIJAYA JUNE 28,
1978. 6 WOMEN.
6 women from Babuma village, Kelila district were
isolated and accused of
collaborating with OPM. There were: Banduk Thago, Pani
Pagawak, Nerak Makna,
Yabena Thago, Etina Thago, and Abpisa Thago. They were
packed raped first
before being shot dead. Their abdomens were then ripped
open, and the
vaginas stuffed with sweet potato leaves and red
berries. The bodies were
never retrieved for proper burials. The murderers were
ABRI units and Kodim
Wamena under the leadership of Colonel Albert Dieng. Eye
witness were: Rawa
Thago, Warren Thago, Yembena Owar, and Obagi Thago.
[source report by N. Ipo
Hou, june 30, 1978].
3.12 MERAUKE, JULY 20, 1978. 122 PEOPLE.
Incident - 122 people [116 men and 6 women], for one
reason or another, fled
into the jungle. The ABRI's "red beret" went after them
and caught all of
them. Their hands and feet were tied, they were then
shoved into suitably
weighted copra bags and dumped in the sea. They drowned
like rats. Relatives
refused to reveal the names of the victims for fear of
reprisals.
3.13. AMPAS WARIS JAYAPURA REGION, 1981. [no figure
given for the victims].
The "Operasi Sapuh bersih" or "Clean sweep operation".
In June, July and
August 1981, the villages of Ampas-Waris, and Batte-Arso
were attacked and
whole families were bayoneted to death. Their bodies
were left to rot on the
spot. [West Papua: Obliteration of a people 1983: 74 &
75]
3.14 THE PANIAI REGION, 1981. TOTAL 68 PEOPLE.
68 people killed and 58 people disappeared without
trace. [WPC 10 March
(1988) 1:3]. No names were given.
3.15 KUDAI AND KEDAPAI BALIEM? TOTAL 27 PEOPLE.
The following clans lost some of their members killed by
the ABRI. Kudai
clan 2 people, Kadapa 3, Jogi 4, Mujepa 5, Nawipa 11 and
Adii 2. The bodies
of the victims were discovered rotting in the bushes.
The remains of the 30
others have never been discovered.
3.16 CENTRAL HIGHLANDS. [period from September to
December 1981]. TOTAL
13,000 PEOPLE.
An estimated 13,000 people were killed in the central
highlands [idem :75].
Names and exact locations not given.
One of the slogans of clean sweep operation is "Biar
tikus lari kehutan,
asal ayam piara dikandang", or "let the rats run into
the jungle so that
chicken can breed in the coop". This slogan means that
"Let the Papuans run
into the bush, so that their land can be given to the
in-coming
transmigration".
3.17 PANIAI WISSEL LAKE DISTRICT, MID 1985 : TOTAL 2500
PEOPLE.
2500 people were killed in the Paniai area of the Wissel
lake district. From
Iwandoga and Kugapa villages 115 people were massacred
by Indonesian
soldiers on 24 June, 1985.
From Epomani village in Obano Sub-district 10 people
were massacred on July
2, 1985. The military also destroyed the village, the
gardens and village
live-stock.
Ikopo village Monemane district 15 people were killed,
and village burned
down with live-stock and all, on July 6, 1985.
Monemane village 517 were massacred, 12 villages
destroyed including food
gardens and village live-stock.
3.18 IN JAYAPURA AREA A TOTAL OF 1001 PEOPLE.
Sre-sre village 500 dead.
Lereh village 346 dead.
In Genjem, Abepura, Waris and Sentani a total of 155
were reported dead.
3.19 TAPOL QUOTING ELIEZER JAN BONAYT [first Governor of
Indonesian Irian
Jaya] AS SAYING BETWEEN 1963 AND 1969, 30,000 PAPUANS
HAD BEEN MURDERED.
[Tapol bulletin no. 48 (Nov. 1981):...., idem no. 51.
(May 1982):....& West
Papua. The Obliteration of a people (1983): 72] There is
no way this figure
can be verified. [Mr. E. J. Bonay is now dead, eds.]
3.20 IN PANIAI/WISSEL LAKE DISTRICT DURING 1986-87 THE
FOLLOWING 34 PERSONS
WERE SHOT DEAD.
It is no known whether this is collective massacre or
isolated incidences:
Cornelis Jogi, Jan Nawipa, Degemabi Jogi, Wise Nawipa,
Widigi Degei, wife of
Widigi Degei [f], Imowatuma Ogetai, Wim Tobai, Jafeth
Keija, Kaleb Djouw,
Paulus Wenda, Wim Gobai, Jacobus Adii, Jakomina Bunai
[f], Matias Mote and
Vitalis Dogomo. [idem p.4]
Further the following clans lost some of their members:
Magi 2 people, Gobai
3, Mote 2, Tekege 1, Tatago 3, Djouw 1, Dejeino 2,
Kajame 2, Pigai 1; a
total of 17 people. [report from these atrocities was
supplied to WPC by the
O.P.M. Secretariat of the 1v [Paniai] Regional Command].
3.21 FREEPORT MINE JUNE-JULY 1994-1995, 5 PEOPLE.
Between June 1994 and February 1995 some clashes took
place between the land
owners, the ABRI, the Security Personnel of the mine and
an OMP unit. The
root cause of the altercation is uncertain, but based on
the report that
landed at the ACFOA [Australian Council of Overseas Aid]
the problem arose
out of the people grievances towards the destruction of
their habitat, their
livelihood and constant intimidation by the Security
forces, Government as
well as the Mine's. The Indonesian Military and the
Mine's spokesman
insisted that the fermenting of these grievances was
organized by the OPM
unit under the command of Kelly Kwalik. Who started it
and how it started is
immaterial here, what is of direct relevant in this
chapter is that some
civilians were murdered collectively and singly. How the
actual killing took
place was unclear in many of the cases. The report
documented 16 men
actually murdered and 6 disappeared without trace, but
the eyewitness
believed the number of civilian victims may be higher.
Contrasting this
report with reports in the local News Papers Tifa Irian
[weekly, week 4
August 1995] and Cendrawasi Pos Thursday 31, August
1995, the Indonesian
Military had shifted the blame to OPM for planting the
Anti Indonesian
sentiment in the minds of the people and that ABRI was
only trying to
protect the people. [some kind of protection all right,
Eds.]
In November 5 members of Kelly Kwalik's clan were
rounded-up by the ABRI and
murdered. Their bodies have never been found.
7. Ambrosius Kwalik.
8. Davianus Kwalik [also entered as Sebastianus Kwalik
by Bishop
Munninghoff].
9. Romulus Kwalik.
10. Marius Kwalik.
11. Hosea Kwalik.
They were arrested on the night of October 6, 1994 and
last seen by the
wives of Sebastian Kwalik in mid November 1994. When the
wives, Nawarkal
deik-in and Maria Katagam-in, went to visit their
husband they were told
that 'your husband and the army Units are out on
operation in Oenomon area,
you can go and see, the containers are empty'. The women
checked the
containers [apparently at Free Port mine standard metal
shipping containers
are used as detention cells for the West Papuans.]
[Wednesday] May 31, 1995:
Soldiers from 752 Trikora battalion, stationed at Paniai
security post Jila
90 km east of Tembagaoura, opened fire on a Kingmi
Protestant Church
congregation of Amungme tribesmen from Hoea village
killing 11 of them. The
soldiers were led by Sergeant Marjaka.
The people were meeting as a church congregation to
discuss who would and
who would not like to return to government [controlled
area]. At the time
the soldiers opened fire, the group was being led in
prayer by Rev. Martinus
Kibak, thanking God and beseeching His blessing and
guidance for the
troubled and uncertain future.
The people were surrounded and without warning the
soldiers opened fire.
Rev. Kibak was shot in the left side of the abdomen with
his arms raised in
surrender. Titus Kobogou pulled the trigger on command
by Sergeant Marjaka.
Rev. Kibak died instantly.
The full list of the massacre:
1. Theo Amokwme [m/35]
2. Martins Dekme [m/40]
3. Paulus Dekme [m/40]
4. Ismael Dekme [m/6]
5. Maria Alomang [f/22]
6. Markus Alomang [m/26]
7. Jiap Alomang [15]
8. Lina Alomang [f/5]
9. Anis Sugomol [14]
10.Albert Sugumol [m/23]
11.Rev. Martinus Kibak [40]
[source report by Bishop of Jayapura, Mgr. H. F. M.
Munninghoff OFM, dated
August 3, 1995]
[Kelly Kwalik was later to feature prominently in the
hostage drama of
Europeans at the end of 1995 and beginning of 1996.
eds.]
11.3 DIED IN CUSTODY WITH OR WITHOUT REPORT OF TORTURE.
Bodies of persons who had died whilst in police or
security forces' custody
were not normally subjected to post mortem examination,
nor were there any
coronerial inquests.
Soleman Nukoboy, patrol officer from Lake Sentani. Died
in prison, said from
TB, but others disputed it. The body was buried, without
notifying the
family, who discovered his death during routine visits.
3.6 PANIAI.
1. David Pekey deputy speaker of DPRD Kebuten Paniai
1967 [date to be
supplied]
2. Senin Mote Senior police sergeant commanding
Moanemani district, ex-Papua
Battalion in World War 11.
3.7 1981-1984 DIED FOLLOWING TORTURE:
Isack Bunai, his body was pricked with needles till he
died; Robby Jogi,
hanged by his feet, while his whole body was sliced open
with razor blades
[vivisection], till death; Julius Bunai, Jantje Jogi and
Jonas Jogi all
three were tortured by having red hot iron rods thrust
up their anuses, ears
and nostrils. Total number of victims was 68 persons
dead. [WPC 10 (March
1988) 1:3]
3.8 DIED FOLLOWING TORTURE:
Tobias Degei, Junus Degei, Johanes Naipa and Jan Gobai.
Paniai Wissel Lake
district 1984-85. Form of torture: over a period of two
days their whole
bodies were slowly sliced open with razor blades, a
virtual vivisection. The
victims die a slow painful death.
The remains of 20 other people arrested at the same time
as the 5 above were
never found. [WPC 10 (March 1988) 1:4].
3.9 ASER DEMOTOKAY FROM GENJEM/NIMBORAN DISTRICT,
JAYAPURA REGION. He died a
few days after being arrested. Apparently died from
torture, he was in his
60 or 70's. His son Martinus Demotokay died in Jakarta
on 22 September,
1983, presumed assassinated by poisoning. [WPO Vol.7
(1983/84) 5/6:4].
3.10 Titus Dansidan retired civil servant, arrested on
October 25, 1983. He
died in prison , exact details not known. Presumably as
a result of torture.
idem.
3.11 Dr. Thomas Wapai Wainggai died in March 1996. He
was suspicious that
the prison food he was eating contained small amounts of
poison so refused
to eat prison food. He ate food brought in from out
side. When he got sick
he requested to be brought to a Christian Hospital,
instead he was sent
prison hospital then later to a military hospital where
he died. Post mortem
examination done and witnessed by an International Red
Cross doctor
concluded that he had died of natural causes. The exact
natural cause was
not mentioned. [These Editors are skeptical of the
report as it did not
mention toxicological analyses of hair, blood and liver
tissues for common
heavy metals and other toxins].
11.4 DEATHS UNDER SUSPICIOUS CIRCUMSTANCES.
Lucas Yakadewa Police Inspector February 20, 1967. He
felt sick and went to
hospital for treatment, where he stayed for 3 days. He
was released from
hospital but died 3 hours after reaching home. Alleged
to have been poisoned
at the hospital. His face was swollen and began to
decompose 3 hours after
death.
Rev. Willem Giyai ran over/rammed by an Army truck in
Jayapura 1965.
Jacob Morimizendi, 32, Customs Official; run over by car
in Pandang, West
Sumatra.
1. Nicholas Tanggahma 1975/?74. Former member of the New
Guinea Council and
member of Indonesian Parliament [MPRS] died in
Manokwari. He was found dead
in his hotel room, shortly before going to a Government
organization
reception. He was thought to have been poisoned.
2. Rev. Janis Mamoribo. Protestant clergy, ex-Governor
of the Province. He
was found dead in his hotel room in Jakarta in September
1976. Alleged to
have been poisoned.
3. Ferdinandus Tekege. Member of DPRG Propinsi Irian
Jaya, 1984? Found dead
in his office after drinking poisoned tea.
4. Aloysius Gobay. Secretary for Finance Irian Jaya
Province. Died in the
office, again after allegedly having drunk some tea.
5. Silas Papare, February 19, 1979. Ardent supporter of
Indonesian
Independence, but prior to his death had reneged on the
earlier promises
made to President Sukarno. Felt unwell and went to
hospital in Jakarta,
where he died. His wife was told several days later that
he had died. No
cause of death was established.
6. Rev. Jacob Rumainum. First Chairman of the
Evangelical Church of West
Papua, died a few days before being appointed Governor
of the Province. He
had drunk tea with another Protestant clergy, a man from
Sumatra.
7. Peter Burwos. Police Inspector, went to a party came
back went to bed and
never woke up. Presumably poisoned.
8. Jaconias 'Jack' Dedda died, cause?
9. Martinus Demotokai, Jakarta September 1983. Presumed
poisoning.
11.5 GANGLAND STYLE EXECUTIONS AND WILLFUL MURDERS. 1.
Permenas Joku.
December 19, 1963. He left the village party in the
company of a military
officer around midnight of December 18/19. His body with
badly mutilated
genitalia and a bullet hole behind right ear was found
in a stream on the
outskirts of Sentani Airport. [reported by James A. Joku
a nephew of the
deceased, at the South Pacific Human Right Tribunal in
Port Moresby, in May
1981]. No eye witness of the actual murder, nor were
there any confessions.
2. Eli Uyo. October 14th 1966. In Jayapura market. Mr.
Uyo a traditional
Chief of the Skou villages, had gone into the market to
complain about the
severe beating by the military of some youths in the
streets of Jayapura.
The response of the military officer in the restaurant
was to shoot Mr. Uyo
at point blank range. Mortally wounded he wrenched the
weapon from the hands
of the Indonesian officer and shot him and the other
Indonesian soldiers
with him.
3. Mr. Abraham van Leuven, Dutch Eurasian [Dutch
Indonesian mixed blood] and
senior police commander for Jayawijaya region, shot dead
outside his home in
Jayapura 1968. He was too 'pro-Papuan Independence'.
4. Demianus Yakademwa police officer 1966.
5. Otniel Safkaur, 1967. Secondary school headmaster,
put on a canoe and
told to push off shore, then gunned down by machine gun
fire.
6. Prisoners were taken out of Teminabuan prison in the
middle of the night
and driven on the Highway towards Ayamaru. A few miles
out of town near a
bridge, the truck stopped and they were ordered to get
out and stand against
a bridge. They were machine gunned down. One of the
victims, Johan Jelmau,
managed to duck the bullets and roll off the bridge.
Though mortally
wounded, and with his intestines virtually out of his
abdomen he managed to
get back to his mother's house in Teminabuan, were he
lived long enough to
recount the story and indicated where his friends bodies
could be found,
before he died in his mother's arms. [Johan's older
brother Marthin was to
disappear without trace a few months later].
The names of the victims were:
6. Adam Korem, 17 January 1967 [idem]
7. Johan Jelmau 17 January 1967 [idem]
8. Christian Karet, 17 January 1967 [idem]
9. Otniel Isir, 17 January 1967 [idem]
10.Arnold Gebse 17 January, 1967 [idem] (source W.P.O.
check date etc.)
11. Johan Kareth? 17 February 1967.
On the morning of February 1st. 1967, 4 prisoners were
taken out of their
cells in Kaimana township on the Northern shores of gulf
of ..... and driven
to the out skirts of the town. There they were
instructed to dig holes on
the ground. After about an hour when the digging was
completed, the
prisoners were asked if they have anything to say and
the oldest among them
said they want to pray and sing a hymn. They knew they
were going to be
executed. After the hymn and final prayer, they hugged
each other and
readied themselves to face the firing squad. Death was
swift and final. All
4 of them fell into the graves that they had just dug.
The men were arrested
at Teminabuan, but because of the tense situation
between the ABRI and the
people, [arising from John Jelmau and his friends'
execution] these 4 were
segregated for execution and were transported to
Kaimana, some 200
kilometers away by sea.
The 4 men were:
12. Saul Blet February 1, 1967, [idem]
13. Saul Karet executed at the time as Saul Blet. [idem]
14. Matheus Salosa, Regional Head of Public Works
Department [idem] at
Taminabuan, Ayamaru district, February 1, 1967.
15. Albert Saflembolo, Matheus Salosa's deputy, February
1.
16. Agustinus Nubely in Ayamaru, 13 February 1967, shot
dead 1967 [idem]
17. Marthin Aury executed 16 February 1967 [id. op. cit]
18. Adam Nusi executed 16 February 1967 [idem]
19. Lodewijk Kendewara executed February 1967 [idem]
20. Adam Kamdeara 20 February, 1967 [idem]
21. Elias Kambuaya 20 February, 1967 [idem]
22. Asmuruf
23. Dekenyap a police inspector, he was ambushed on his
way to the garden
and shot dead.
23. Naftaly Tabuni, 26-4.1977. [village clan chief] of
Piramid, in Kembin
district of Jayawijaya region, accused of collaboration
with OPM by the
military. He was burned alive, the remains was later
butchered and fed to
the police dogs. The incident was witnessed by the
people of Piramid,
including Mathias Wenda, Lukas Tabuni, Tadius Tabuni and
Paulus Tabuni. The
act was carried out by members of military unit 753,752
in conjunction with
the police, Koramil [area military command] and Kodim
[military district
command]. [source: report furnished by N. Ipo Hau,
signed and dated at
Markas Besar, OPM, June 30, 1989]
24. Sebulon Afar [no other information]
25. Momot [no other information]
26. Kondologe [no other information]
27. Julius Abisai [no other information]
28.Tigayak Tabuni, 26-4-1977, villager Piramid. He was
murdered together
with and in the manner as, Naftaly Tabuni. [source op.
cit]
29. Kane Tabuni 26-4-1977, shot dead in front of Rev.
Tandan's [an American
Missionary] house at Piramid village. The body of Kane
was split/butchered
in the midline into two halves. The witnesses was
publicly warned that the
same will befall anyone found guilty of aiding the OPM.
The murderers were
from the same units as 6 above. Rev. Tandan also
witnesses the incident.
[source op.cit]
30. Paungen Wenda [male] 4-5-1977m from Tiom village,
Tiom district of
Jayawijaya region. His limbs were amputated and later
beheaded. His head was
slit into two halves, the torso was chopped up and
thrown into rubbish heap.
Witnesses: Pontius Jikwa, Lambert Wakur, Tewe Wanimbo,
Enos Wanimbo and the
Tiom Villagers.
31. Luther Kagoya, no date, 1977, Tiom village. His body
was butchered into
two. One half was thrown into the Baliem river and the
other hoisted up in
the middle of the village as a warning to those who
collaborated with the
OPM. Eye witnesses: Tewe Wanimbo, John Wakerkwa, Enos
Wanimbo and Rev. Coudy
an American National and Missionary. Murderers were unit
753,752, with
BRIMOB [mobile brigade] and other 'mixed' units. [source
op. cit]
32. Benengagaluk Tabuni, male, no date, 1977. Tiom
village, Tiom District,
Jayawijaya. The body was chopped-up, and disposed of at
night, without
trace. The killing was witnessed by James Kogoya, Yuly
Wakerkwa, and
residents of Tiom village. [source op. cit]
33. Pilanekwe Yanengga, 2 months female infant, no date
given, killed at
Tiom river, near Tiom village. The infant was separated
from its mother
during an ABRI [Indonesian Armed Forces] raid on the
village. [source op.
cit]
34. Kweanungwe Kogoya, nursing mother with an infant
about 2 months old, no
date, 1977, were apprehended by members of ABRI Units
751,752, and 753 at
Tiom village and murdered. The eyes of the dead woman
were gauged out and
the little finger of the infant was severed as evidence
to be shown to
military top brass. The bodies were left on the spot as
warning to others
who might support the OPM. Eye witnesses: Paramount
chief of Tiom and Tiom
residents. [source op. cit]
35. Yordon Yanengga, no date, 1977, Tiom village, Tiom
District. Shot dead
by ABRI Units 751, 752 and other mixed Units. The
victim's head was severed
and split in the mid-line. The torso was dumped into a
pit latrine. Eye
witness: Roby Wakerkwa, Niko Wenda, and the residents of
Tiom village.
[source op. cit]
36. Arekwe Yuman, adult woman, no date, 1977, of Tiom
village, Tiom
District. She was pack-raped by ABRI Units 751,752,753
and Police units, and
then shot dead. Her vagina was ripped open and filled up
with raw pieces of
sweet potato and clumps of soil and left to rot. Eye
witness: Pontius Jikwa,
James Kogoya, Yuli Wakerkwa and other residents of Tiom
village.
37. Kendep Tabuni, 23-12-1977, of Tagime village, in
Mulia District of
Jayawijaya region, was shot dead during ABRI raid [Units
751,752,753, and
other mixed Units]. The victim's chest was split open
and the heart cut out
as proof of operation tumpas.
The operation was lead by Major Albert Jin and witnessed
by the villagers of
Tagme. [source op. cit]
38. Mononggo Tabuni, 25-12-1977; Tagime village, Mulia
District, Jayawijaya,
shot dead then his head severed and split into two; the
torso placed on
charcoal embers. The ABRI Unit 752 and 753 under the
leadership of Major
Suryanto was responsible for this murder.
39. Athen Muni, 27-12-1877, at Tagime village Mulia
District, Jayawijaya,
shot dead and his chest ripped open and the heart cut
out for proof of
operation. The ABRI Unit 752 and 753 was under the
command of Major Sarwan.
Witnesses by the villagers who also removed the
mutilated body for burial.
[source op. cit]
40. Karlin Jikwa, 29-12-1977, at Tagime village, Mulia
District, Jayawijaya.
Shot dead with his mother. Age and name of the mother
were not given.
Karlin's head was severed and stuffed into the ripped-up
abdomen of his
lifeless mother. The murderers were from ABRI Units 751,
752, 753 and other
mixed Units. Witnessed by the victims' father and
husband, and the
villagers. [source op. cit]
41. Mother of Karlin Jikwa, shot dead and her abdomen
ripped open from chest
right down to the vagina. [see 19 above]
42. Orbirik Tabuni, 30-12-1977, at Tagime village, Mulia
District,
Jayawijaya. Shot dead and [KENING MATA] his eye lids and
eye brows were
scalped for proof of operation. The body was then
chopped-up and thrown into
pig sty [KUMBANGAN BABI]. The murderers were combined
Units of ABRI, Police
and BRIMOB [mobile brigade] under the command of Captain
Karwiya. [source
op. cit. p5]
The following five people [ no. 43 - 47 ] were summarily
executed in the
Kelila Dental Clinic [Hospital], Kelila District,
Jayawijaya, on New Years
day 1978. The quintet had surrendered to the Authorities
earlier. They were
ordered to line up in the Clinic and gunned down in
front of thousands of
on-lookers as an object lesson for those contemplating
disobeying military
orders. The murderers were from ABRI Units 753, BRIMOB,
Units from Hasanudin
Division, and others. [source op. cit]
43. Yusuf Pagawak, 1-1-1978
44. Eringgo Pagawak, 1-1-1978
45.Erimbo Pagawak, 1-1-1978
46. Anthon Komba, 1-1-1978
47. Kelanggen Tabuni, 1-1-1978
48. Wanorakwe Tabuni, 5-1-1978, Tagime village, Mulia
District Jayawijaya,
shot dead. His chest was split open and the heart
removed as proof of
operation. The body was then cut up into strips just
like preparing for
corning pork. The murderers were ABRI Unit 752, 753, and
Kopasanda. [source
op. cit]
49. Jance Tabuni, 5-1-1978, Tagime village, Mulia
District, shot dead, head
severed and split open then thrown into a well. The
headless torso was left
where it had fallen. Murderers' Units 752, 753, and
Kodim. [source op. cit]
50. Buangan Jikwa, 6-1-1978, in Dental Surgery of Kelila
township, Kelila
District, Jayawijaya. His fingers were chopped off then
the whole body was
sliced with razor blades, before he was shot dead and
the body thrown into a
ravine. He had surrendered earlier to the military [see
also no.47 vida
infra]. The murderers were ABRI Units 752, 753, Police,
BRIMOB, Hansip, and
members of Hassanudin Division. Eye-witness: Jnowurok
Jikwa, Yonas Jikwa,
Sonny Jikwa and the villagers of Kelila. [source op.
cit. p6]
51. Lebart Jikwa, 6-1-1978. He was murdered at the same
time, and place, in
the same manner, and by the same murderers as Buangan
Jikwa [no.50]. The
same eye-witness saw the event.
52. Yakob Jikwa, 6-1-1978, Kelila village, Kelila
District. Tortured for 3
days by slicing his body with razor blade, setting his
hair on fire, before
tying his hands and feet and thrown alive into a pit
latrine. The
psychopathic murderers were from ABRI Units 753,
Kopasanda, Hasanudin,
Police, BRIMOB and Hansip. The macabre act was witnessed
by: Tiben Pagawak,
Karlos Pagawak, Manding Ma'a and the residents of Kelila
village. [source
op. cit]
53. Minggus Jikwa, 7-1-1978, Tagime village, Mulia
District, Jayawijaya,
shot dead then the head was severed from the torso and
taken for
proof/trophy. The torso was burned to ashes. Murderers
were ABRI Units 752,
753, Kopasanda, Police, BRIMOB, and other Units.
54. Lin Tabuni a nursing mother with 1 month old infant
[son], from Mogonik
village, Kelila District, was apprehended on 9-1-1978.
She was packed-raped
for several hours by the soldiers before they shot her.
Her abdomen was
ripped open from the end of the sternum down to the
vagina. Her infant was
killed and thrown inside the mother's abdominal cavity
and left where the
body fell. The murderers were from ABRI Units 752, 753,
and other Units. The
brutality was witnessed by: Bernard Gombo, Stefanus
Gombo, and the residents
of Mogonik village [source op. cit.]
55. Infant son of Lin Tabuni [see Lin Tabuni]
56. Mes Gambo, of Mogonik village, Kelila District,
9-1-1978. Shot dead,
both hands were amputated and hung on a tree, while the
body was thrown into
a bog. Murderers were from ABRI Units 752, 753, and
other mixed Units. The
victims younger brothers, Bernard and Stefanus Gombo,
were forced to witness
the murder of their brother. [source op. cit]
57. Nas Wenda, January, no date, 1978, of Kobakma
village, Bokondini
District, [Wamena] shot dead'. The beard and lower lip
was scalped for proof
and trophy. The body was dumped in a fish pond. The
murderers were ABRI
Units from Patimura Division. Eye witnesses:: School
teacher Y. Elaby, Mir
Pagawak, and the villagers. [source op. cit.]
58. Yance Wenda [close friend of Nas Wenda] murdered by
the same soldiers at
the same place and time. The body was 'processed' in the
same way.
59. Pinilek Wenda, Catechist and preacher, January no
date, 1978, at Liruk
Paga near Tagime village, Kelila District; his arms and
legs were cut off
and as he laid helpless his Bible was opened and tossed
on to his limbless
victim with sneering remarks, 'if you are a follower of
Christ, make your
body whole again'. He was then split in to two and
thrown into a cave. The
murderers were from ABRI Unit 752, 753, Police, Kodim
Wamena, Patimura and
Hasanudin [source op. cit.]
60. David Kenlak, January no date, 1978; was caught at
Kelila Airstrip,
Kelila District, and crucified on the spot. His body was
then riddled with
bullets that whole body except for the arms
disintegrated into a pile of
minced meat at the foot of the cross. The murderers were
members of the
Kopasanda Regiment and Kodim Wamena. Eye witness: Welly
Togoly, Sagu Togoly
and Lupas Karaba.
61. Mart Pagawak of Kobokma village, Bokondini District
of Jayawijaya
Region, March 10, 1978. He was arrested and tortured for
2 weeks, then taken
out, tied on a post and stoned till near death, before
being beheaded. The
murderers were a combined Units of ABRI and Police. Eye
witnesses were: the
village school teacher, health workers of the Health
Center and the
villagers. [source op. cit.]
62. Gingin Polono, March no date 1978, at Gwagiyima near
Kobakma village,
Bokondini District, Jayawijaya, shot dead and the
headless torso with one
leg was left were it fell. The head and the severed leg
could not be found.
Witness: Sepat Polono. Yali Elaby and Sotan Pagawak. The
murderers were ABRI
Units from Wamena under the command of Colonel Albert
Dieng.
125 people were summarily executed at Tiom village in
May 1978, only the
names of their 5 leaders are known. These 5 [no.63-67]
were beaten with red
hot iron bars, and stabbed to death with red hot iron
rods, the bodied were
then put into bags and dumped into a pit latrine.
The murderers were from ABRI Unit 752, 753, Kodim Wamena
and other Units,
under the command of Colonel Albert Dieng. Eye witness
included the
[foreign] missionary from Tiom with his family, Sariname
Tubuni, Enos
Wanimbo, Pontius Jika and the residents of Tiom
settlement.
63. Labang Wenda, May 1978.
64. Kaleb Wenda, May 1978.
65. We Wanimbo, May 1978.
66. Wanengen Wanimbo, May 1978.
67. Piranggen Wakerkwa, May 1978.
On June 28, 1978, 6 women [no.68 to 73 inclusive] from
Babuma village in the
Kelila District were arrested for alleged collaboration
with the guerrilla
fighters. The women were first pack-raped by the
soldiers and then killed.
Their abdomens were ripped open, and their mouths and
vaginas were stuffed
full with sweet potato leaves and [red] wild berries.
Family and relatives
were nor allowed to bury the bodies. The atrocities were
carried out under
the command of Colonel Albert Dieng of Kodim Wamena.
Eyewitness: Rawa Thago,
Waren Thago, Yembena Gwar and Ogagi Thago. [source op.
cit.]
The women were:
68. Banduk Thago, 30 June, 1978.
69. Pani Pagawak, 30 June, 1978.
70. Nerak Makna, 30 June, 1978.
71. Yabena Thago, 30 June, 1978.
72. Etina Thago, 30 June, 1978.
73. Abpisa Thago, 30 June, 1978.
74. Markus Gombo, 15 August, 1978, at Ragiyam village,
Kelila District. He
was shot and killed, later his body was chopped-up and
fed to the pigs. The
murderers were from ABRI Unit 753. Witness: Wonalak
Gombo, Lupas Karoba,
Lagonek Gombo, and Welly Togodly, and the villagers.
75. Yirin Bula, 16 August, 1978, at Kobakma village,
Bokondini District. He
was caught handing out OPM pamphlets. He was instructed
to get firewood, he
was crucified, then his body was sliced with knife,
before he was burned
alive, hanging on the cross. The murderers were Units
from Hasanudin
Regiment. Witness: school teacher Max James Thago, Chief
Warubukwe Bagabol,
and the local people.
76. Isak Togoly, 18 August, 1978, caught while putting
up OPM pamphlets at
Dagema-Walo, Kelila District. [he was with Habel
Kenelak, see below]. His
hand and feet were tied together and thrown into
'bottomless' cave. The
murderers were from ABRI Unit 752, 753, and together
mixed Units.
Eyewitness: Yuli Gombo, Bernard Gombo, Sily Karoba and
the residents of
Kelila township.
77. Habel Kenelak, 18 August, 1978, caught together with
Isak Togoly and
dealt with his in the same manner.
78. Indengagme Murip, 8 November, 1978, at Ilaga
village, Illaga District.
She was caught, pack-raped before being killed. Her
vagina was filled with
soil and dry battery acid; her left ear lobe was severed
as proof of killing
and trophy. The murderers were from ABRI Units 752, 753,
and other mixed
Units. The incident was witnessed by: Bony Anayal,
Keliopas Kogoya and the
residents of the township. [source op. cit.]
79. Yusak Tabuni, January 1, 1979, at Piramid Station
Kembin District. He
was surrendered with 10 other men of his guerrilla Unit,
with civilian men,
women and children from their clan. He and his 10 men
were shot and their
bodies were dumped into a pit latrine after their heads
and limbs were
severed. [the names of the 10 men were not mentioned].
Those responsible
were ABRI Units 752, 753, Kopasanda, Kodim, Koramil and
other mixed Units.
Witness: The villagers who surrendered together with the
11 men.[source op.
cit.]
80. Aquila Joku 25, February 9, 1979. Shot dead at
Sentani International
Airport. Reason for shooting unknown.
81. Origenes Ohee 18, February 9, 1979. Shot dead in
Kota Nica near Sentani
International Airport. Reason for killing not known.
82. Nicanor Ohee 20, February 9, 1979. Shot dead at Kota
Nica at the same
time as Origenes. Reason for shooting not known.
83. Tange Wandik, 28 June, 1979, at Pagale village,
Kelila District. Shot
dead, then the body was beheaded, the abdomen
ripped-open and filled up with
a Bible and heads of 'english' cabbage, the murderers
sneeringly saying -
'if you are struggling and live like Jesus, resurrect
yourself.' The
murderers were from Unit 752, 753, Patimura, BRIMOB,
Police and Hansip.
Witness: Jiganawak Polona, Warigiluk Thago, Mapin
Endaganggok, Rawa Thago
and Max James Thago. [source op. cit]
4 Guerrillas [no 84 to 87 inclusive] surrendered to
authority on June 28,
1979, at Babuma Pagale village, Kelila District. All 4
were shot dead on the
spot. The bodies were later butchered, the flesh
skewered shish-kebab like
roasted on hot charcoal and handed-out to the people to
eat. The psychopath
murderers were from Unit 752, 753, BRIMOB, Police,
Kodim, and Hansip, under
the command of Colonel Albert Dieng. Witness: school
Teachers - Max James
Thago and Rawa Yaly Thago and the villagers.
The men were:
84. Paus Thago, June 28, 1979.
85. Yorone Pagawak, June 28, 1979.
86. Yokawi Gundugi, June 28, 1979.
87. Petan Wakerkwa, June 28, 1979.
88. Baldus Mofu, December 8, 1979. He was abducted from
his home on the
evening, two months after being released from prison.
Mortally bashed-up and
unable to talk, he was returned to his home where he
died 2 hours later,
watched on by his frightened children aged between 5-10.
Baldus Mofu had
been a thorn in the side of the Indonesian Government.
He was a school
teacher, turned politician when he was elected member of
the New Guinea
Council, representing the island of Numfoor. At the
sell-out in 1962, he was
urged to go into exile, in Holland, but said that his
place was with the
people. He had been arrested and jailed many times
before. His last arrest
was in May [1979], there had been no indication that he
was tried in open
court. He was released in October. His wife had gone to
Numfoor to visit
sick relatives and he was at home with 2 of his youngest
children when some
people took him away. [source family letters, WP.
Courier]
Four OPM Guerrillas [no 89 to 92 inclusive] gave
themselves up to the
Authorities at Waisamba-Hanurata near Skanto village,
District Arso, in
Jayapura Region, on the 14th of October, 1971. They were
shot on the spot,
by the Units of 751. The heads were severed and taken as
proof of killing
and trophies. Witness: Mathias Wenda, Bony Anaya,
Philipus Kembu.
The men were:
89. Kwarit Thago, 14 October, 1981.
90. Simon Tabuni, " " .
91. Dominggus Tabuni, " " .
92. Harso Togodly, " " .
93.D. Mebri of Bring village and his family, on their
way to garden on
September 22, 1983, were detained and interrogated by
the military.
Villagers of Jansu and Idjagrang villages were forced to
witness the
proceeding. Following the interrogation D. Mebri
apparently found guilty of
some mischief, was executed on the spot. The military
forbid the burial of
his body, as a reminder for the price of insubordination
to the military.
94. Arnold Ap 26/27 April, 1984, near Jayapura. Arnold
Ap, Anthropologist,
Poet and Musician, and 4 others, [see also Eddy Mofu]
were tricked into
escaping from military police custody, and 4 days later,
his body was
identified at the Ariyoko military hospital with bullet
[some report say
bayonet] holes in the abdomen on April 26/27, 1984. A
lot of conflicting
stories had appeared: according to Mochtar Kusmatmadja
the then Indon.
Foreign Minister, Arnold was shot while escaping in a
boat, but the Indon.
courts trial papers said he was shot on the beach.
Another version is that
of the West Papuan Observer [WPO Vol. 8. (84) 4/4:
12-13] ; a certain
Arobaya and Sulewa, on finding Arnold mortally wounded
on the sandy beach of
Pantai Enam or beach six, dragged him to Aryoko military
hospital where they
arrived at 2 PM [or should have it been 2AM on April
27]. And there very
shortly after arrival he blew his last breath singing
'SUP MOWIYA' or 'OH
LAND OF MY HERITAGE.'
95. Eddy Mofu, son of Baldus Mofu and friend of Arnold
Ap, with whom he was
tricked to escape from prison on April 21, 1984. His
badly bruised and
bloated body with feet tied together, was found by
fishermen on 27th of
April floating in the sea on Cape Suaja.
96. Mes Togodly, April 12, 1986, at Arso Station, Arso
District. Shot dead
and his body was put in a bag and thrown in the bushes.
It is note worthy
that the victim had been an eye witness to several
atrocities in the Baliem
valley in the mid and late seventies. The murderers were
from Sipur Waena,
Unit 751 and Kodim Jayapura under the command of
Lieutenant Colonel Saleh.
Eye witness Welly Togodly, Sily Koroba, and residents of
Arso Government
Station.
97. M. Zonggonao, Sept. 1, 1986, shot dead Abe Gunung,
District Jayapura. He
was suspected of supplying food to the Guerrilla
fighters. His headless body
was drilled with bayonet like a pin cushion.
98. Marthin Sani and his pregnant wife, shot dead in
their garden, at Padang
Bulan [Jayapura], on September 25, 1986, by Indonesian
soldiers apparently
frustrated by unsuccessful hunt on OPM armed Guerrillas.
99.Marhin Sani's wife, killed together with her husband
Sept. 25, 1986. Her
lifeless body was bayoneted like a rag doll to kill the
foetus in the womb.
1994/Tembagapura/Timika.
Following some months of armed confrontation between the
OPM and the ABRI a
number of civilian casualties had fallen. Report of an
eyewitness written in
Indonesian, claimed on page 4 that between June and
December 1994, 37
civilians were killed or had disappeared without trace.
Less than 10 people
are listed by name. [no. 100 to 108].
[source ACFOA Report April 1995, of eyewitness account,
whose name has been
withheld for security reason]
Between June and July 1994 murdered were:
100. Bantek Magal [45] Tsinga valley village/community.
101. Netsigikal Beanal [42] Tsinga valley
village/community.
102.Hengky Beanal [19] Tsinga valley village/community.
103. Yusak Kum [19] Tsinga valley village/community.
104.Awagal [primary school teacher].
In October 1994 [exact date not known]
105. Gordon Rumaropen [32] mine employee originally from
Biak. On December
5, 1994.
106. Rev. Derek Beanal [21], of Kingmi Church, Tsinga.
107.Uljumutme Uamang [19] Hoea village.
108. Uruwai Uamang in his 30's, Hpoea village.
On December 25, 1994.
109. Nogogamakme Mem [31], Tembagapura. He was shot in
the back while in
hiding near the church, he feared the soldiers guarding
the entrance to the
church. The congregation was having a normal Christmas
Service.
110. Natenawelan Hanggaibak [43] Tembagapura.
111. Wendi Tabuni [m/23] stabbed in the abdomen and shot
in the head. His
body was dumped in the river gorge on the Tembagapura.
The perpetrators were
from battalion 733 of Patimura division stationed at
ABRI post mile 66.
[Wendi Tabuni was one of the 15 Dani men taken by bus
fro Tembagapura to
Timika. Of the remaining 14, 3 had disappeared
presumably died under torture
in custody, the remaining were detained, tortured and
later released].
April 16, 1995 Easter.
112. Yunus Kudial, male, from Ekari tribe, shot dead by
ABRI battalion 733
Patimura Division, at Kwamki Lama. Yunus and other
members of Kingmi
Protestant church when returning home from Easter
morning Mass [11.30], when
the ABRI barred their way. Yunus trying to explain was
beaten-up and when he
retaliated he was shot dead.
The Free West Papua Movement. OPM
( Organisesi Papua Merdeka).
11.6 PERSONS WHO DISAPPEARED WITHOUT TRACE.
Literally the person disappeared, and no eye witness can
pin point the site
of the killing and or the site of the disposal of the
bodies.
This is the worse case of murder because the family has
no clue as to
whether the person is dead or still alive. West Papuan
Observer on its issue
of vol.7 [1983/84] 5/6:5 ;l ists the modus operandi as
follows: Once the
decision is made to liquidate the person, his family is
informed of his
release [with date but not the time]. On the appointed
day the prisoner
signs the release papers and is duly released. The
person literally walks
out of the prison, on the way home however the person is
kidnapped by the
military in civilian clothes [either on the pretext of
giving him/her a free
ride/lift home] and taken to secluded spot, murdered and
the body buried or
thrown into the sea. When the person's relative inquire
about the person at
the prison [usually the next day because the person had
not reached home],
they are shown the release paper with the person's
signature on it. The
ominous sign of impending execution is if the victim is
physically released
at 6 o'clock in the evening. Prisoners who have open
trials and or known
Internationally like Arnold Ap and his friends, and
Mecky Salosa, are
murdered by setting up sham prison breakouts, in which
the prisoners are
brought to an appointed hideout, where they are ambushed
by the military.
[the cases of Arnold Ap and his friends in 1984].
The list is deceptively short, because relatives just
did not know or are
afraid to make any inquiries for fear of persecution by
the ABRI. Only the
well known leaders whose disappearance have raised
questions, others are
simply covered-up.
1. PENEHAS TOREY Former member of New Guinea Council and
member of the
Provincial Assembly was last seen taken away by the
military from his home
in Jayapura for questioning on May 11the. 1969,
following a mass
rally/demonstration protesting against the 'Purapura
Act'. He was never seen
again. Moses Werror [now living in exile] was the last
person to have seen
him.
2. MARTIN JELMAU
A political activist. He was taken prisoner also in
1969. He was then forced
by Indonesian military to lead them to his friends at
Markas Victoria. M was
last heard of by his friends, crying for mercy, when the
Indonesians stormed
their hastily deserted camp.
3. IZACK SAMUEL [MIMI] FATAHAN
Musician, and a business man, went hunting with a
certain Captain Coreles in
mid September 1979, he never returned. He had previously
crossed the border
into PNG and asked for asylum, but was refused and
forcibly returned to
Jayapura. Official Indonesian response to inquiries made
by his relatives in
Port Moresy through Mr. Unwin, the UNHCR Representative
was that Mr. Fatahan
is alive and well, and is hunting crocodiles, with one
of the Tabu brothers.
[his family is still waiting for his return 14 years
later].
4. PERMENAS FRITS AWOM
A Guerrilla leader, who laid down his arms following
President Suharto's
amnesty decree of 1967. He was put on a vessel 'Hyggens'
sailing from
Manokwari to Biak, a journey that normally takes 6n
hours. The boat returned
2 hours later without Peremnta. It is presumed that he
was dumped at sea and
drowned. [he was allegedly to have been put into a
hessian bag weighted with
stone and dumped in sea between Manokwari and Island of
Numfor, Cenderwasih
Bay].
5. GODFRIED MIRINO
Member of New Guinea Council and the Provincial
Assembly. He was taken from
his home by unknown persons and had never come back,
1967/68?
6 GALIM LEASA, LEADER OF 'GERAKAN MERAH PUTIH' [lit.
meaning 'Red and White
movement', red and white denoting the Indonesian flag ,
it stands for
pro-Indonesian groups in the 40s and 50s]
Member of DPRD Propinsi Irian Jaya [ provincial
Assembly], detained and died
in prison presumably from torture. [no. 7-10, these
victims were the result
of the excesses of the ABRI in the Free Port mine area
in 1994/1995 and
reported by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Jayapura.'
15 Dani men, 5 from Waa village and 10 from Timika,
returned to Timika by a
Freeport mine bus no. 44 from Tembagapura, where they
celebrated Christmas
at Waa village. One named Wendi Tabuni was shot dead and
his body thrown in
the ravine at mile 66 road to Timika. Persons no. 11-13
were detained and
tortured and were never seen again. Presumed dead
following torture under
custody.
11. YOEL KOGOYA [27]
12. PEREGAMUS WAKER [28]
13.ELIAS JIKWA [28]
OTHER HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES
Abuses of Human Rights resulting in deaths and the
disappearance without
trace have been covered in the previous chapter, and
will not be repeated
here.
The abuses not resulting in deaths or disappearance are
wide spread, and if
only half of these are reported it could take several
volumes to contain
them. These abuses are indiscriminate, even the clergy
did not escape deaths
and degradation, e.g.:
REV. KOIBUT, was stripped naked and forced to
masturbates in front of his
family, 1966?
REV. FATHER TETTOROO [Dutch catholic priest] was forced
by the ABRI, to eat
human penis, cut off an OPM fighter shot dead in Paniai
Wissel Lake
District, 1977/78.
Four women was arrested from Piramid village, Kembin
District Jayawijaya, in
March, date not stated, 1978, and taken to police past.
The women were
mothers and wives of men who had joined the armed
fighters: Mince Tabuni,
wife of Amos Tabuni; mother of Otto Tabuni; mother of
Willem Aud; and mother
of Sam Tabuni. They were later taken to the yard of
missionary at Piramid,
and kept there serving as sex slaves for over a month.
Before being returned
to their village, dry battery acid were stuffed up their
vaginas. The
atrocity was the work of ABRI Unit 752, 753, Kodim
Wamena, Hasanudin,
Patimura and the Police under the command of Colonel
Albert Dieng now Bupati
ay Wamena. [source typed written letter/report by N. Ipu
Hou, June 30th.
1989].
1978; two women: Namelak Wenda [mother of Mathias
Wenda], Kele Wenda
['younger' mother of Mathias Wenda] were arrested by the
military and taken
to the police post where they were tortured to get
information of the
whereabouts of Mathias Wenda. They were then packed
raped for 36 hours [3
days and 2 nights], before their vaginas were stuffed
full of a mixture of
battery acid and chilly sauce. An infant belonging to
one of the women was
left un-cared for during the ordeal and consequently
died of starvation.
Those responsible were ABRI Units 752, 753, Kodim
Wamena, Patimura,
Hasanudin and other Units, all under the command of
Colonel Albert Dieng.
Eyewitnesses: Baas Tabuni, Panus Kilungga [chief of
Piramid village], Alex
Wanimbo another village official from Piramid. [source
op. cit].
A total of 21 men were arrested and detained by the ABRI
at military posts
in and around Tembagapura, between December 25 1994 and
January 8, 1995.
They were accused of having collaboration with the OPM
Guerrilla group under
the command of Kelly Kwalik. Several of Kelly's
relatives were arrested and
were never seen again, presumed murdered.
The detainees were:
1994 December 25/26;
1. Yunus Omabak [m/33] married, Kingmi tribal chief
Amungme Wa clan.
2. Naimun Narkime [m/50] married, Kingmi tribal chief
Amungne Wa clan.
3. Oktovianus Tiwak [Bishop of Jayapura's version gave
the name as Okto
Kiwa] married, 30, Amungme clan, FIC.
4. Pius Waker [34] married, Kingmi Dani Waa, FIC.
December 29, 1994.
5. Petrus Omabak [m/31] married Kingmi Amungme Waa clan
[FIC].
6. Komugal [19], Amungme clan [the Bishop's version
Altimus Komanggal male
married Damal K. Lama FIC]
7. Herman Beanal [m/4?] married Kingmi Amungme Waa FIC.
December 31, 1994.
8. Dominggus Narkime [m/29] married Kingmi Amungme Wa
clan.
9. Eltinus Omaleng [m/23] married Kingmi Amungme Waa
clan FIC.
January 1, 1995:
10. Hamo Hom [m/25] married Kingmi, Amungme Waa, FIC.
January 8, 1995.
11. John Jamang [m/35] married Kingmi, Amungme Waa, FIC.
12. Silas Magal [Bishop's version Silas Hagal m/31
married Kingmi Amungme
Waa clan FIC].
13. Joel Beanal [m/19] married Kingmi, Amungme Waa, FIC.
14. Philipus Beanal [m/21] married Kingmi, Amungme Waa,
FIC.
15. Martin Hagal [m/22] married Kingmi, Amungme Waa,
FIC.
16. Martinus Hagal [m/28] married Kingmi, Amungme Waa,
FIC.
17. Yupinus Hagal [m/19] married Kingmi, Amungme, Waa,
FIC.
18. Yohannes Kum [m/19] married Kingmi, Amungme, Waa,
FIC.
19. Jonny Beanal [m/18] married Amungme Waa clan FIC
employee.
20. Simon Bukaleng [m/20] [also known as Sion Bukalang
m/21.
date of arrest of these two are not known.
21. Yakobus Magal [22] Amungme clan,
22. Deny Onggomang [21] Amungme clan.
Based on the account by eyewitness who reported this
incidence to ACFOA, and
a report by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Jayapura, Dr.
Hermann Munninghoff.
The AFCOA reports were in both English and Indonesian.
There were some minor
discrepancies in translation, particularly in the
spellings of the names.
Where this occurs both versions of the names are given.
The account on both
versions tallies. The men were beaten up, and were
deprived of food and
water and were allowed no exercise out side their cell.
They were held for 2
weeks, then all, except one, were released after signing
declaration that
they had taken part in subversive activities. In
contrast the TIFA Irian
writing on the same story insisted that the detainees
interviewed denied and
beatings. [the TIFA Irian story was in the issue of 4th
week of August 1995,
that was 8 months after the incident. The ABRI have
ample time to have made
the detainees change their story! Eds.]
[Bishop Munninghoff's report is appended at the end of
this chapter.]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL drew the following conclusions in
its April 1991
report [quoted from Indonesian News service, no. 299,
June 13, 1991]:
"CONTINUING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN IRIAN JAYA"
Conclusions:
At least 130 political prisoners from Irian Jaya are
currently serving
sentences of up to life imprisonment in Indonesia jails.
Amnesty
International believes that at least 80 of these
prisoners may be prisoners
of conscience, persons held for their non-violent
political or other
activities or beliefs. Most political prisoners have
been convicted under
the anti-subversion law and Amnesty International is
concerned that their
trials may have failed to meet internationally
recognized standards of
fairness.
Amnesty International is calling for the immediate and
unconditional release
of all prisoners of conscience and is actively
investigating cases of those
political prisoners who may be prisoners of conscience
or whose trials are
thought to have been unfair. It urges the Indonesian
Government to take
steps to ensure that nobody is imprisoned for the
peaceful expression of
their political or other beliefs and that the sweeping
anti-subversion law
is used to imprison people whose activities or beliefs
do not constitute a
genuine threat to National Security. It asks the
Government to make
available copies of documents from past political trials
and to permit
qualified International observers to attend such trials
in the future.
Amnesty International urges the Indonesian Government to
abide by it
obligations under International Law to investigate
thoroughly and
impartially all reports of such human rights violations,
to make public the
results of any investigations and to bring the alleged
perpetrators promptly
to justice.
The verdict vindicates the hundreds of complaints,
submissions and protest
notes sent to Foreign Embassies, UN envoys, and the
Untied Nations Secretary
Generals since 1963 - 1995.
Between June 1994 and February 1995 some clashes took
place between the land
owners, the ABRI, the Security Personnel of the Mine and
an OPM Unit. The
root cause of the altercation is uncertain, based on the
report that landed
at the ACFOA [Australian Council for Overseas Aid] the
problem arose out of
the people's grievances towards the destruction of their
habitat, their
livelihood and constant intimidation's by the Security
forces, Government as
well as the Mine's. The Indonesian Military and the
Mine's spokesman
insisted that the fomenting of this grievances was
organized by the OPM Unit
under the command of Kelly Kwalik. Who started it and
how it started is
immaterial here, what is of direct relevance in this
chapter is that some
civilians were murdered collectively and singly. How the
actual killings
took place was unclear in many of the cases. The report
documented 16 men
actually murdered and 6 disappeared without trace, but
the eyewitness
believed the murder of civilians victims may be higher.
Contrasting this
report with reports in the local News paper Tifa Irian
[weekly, week 4th.
August 1995] and Cendrawasi Pos Thursday 31st. August
1995, the Indonesian
Military had shifted the blame to OPM for planting the
anti-Indonesian
sentiment in the minds of the people and that ABRI was
only trying to
protect the people. [some kind of protection all right.
Eds.]
[source ACFOA Report April 1995, of eyewitness report,
whose name has been
withheld for security reason].
WEST PAPUAN GULAG.
Since the epic saga of Solzhenitzin's Gulag Archipelago,
other civil
Libertarians around the world have uncovered many Gulags
in their own
back-yard. In Indonesia they are called TAPOL; an
acronym for TAHANAN
POLITIK, or POLITICAL PRISONERS. West Papuans have had
their fair share of
political prisoners since the Indonesian take over, in
fact many West
Papuans have claimed political prisoner status since the
end of the second
world war. But how extensive is this West Papuan Gulag.
Any attempt at
getting some glimpses of this Gulag however is greatly
hampered by its
'surrounding murky waters'. West Papuan Observer quoted
a figure of 1500
[vol.4 - 1979, no 3:7].Another factor is that once one
enters this Gulag one
is marked for life. Some of the denizens of the West
Papuan Gulag had never
been charged. Only in the last 5 years when world
opinion is stacked against
her human rights records, and particularly since human
rights records is
linked to economic aids, did Indonesia allow some
glimpse of the West Papuan
Gulag. Some prisoners were actually brought to court
trials open or
otherwise.
The lists presented below are, as much as we hate it,
incomplete and dated.
The purpose of listing them is primarily not, to plead
for leniency and
strict adherence to International convention on TAPOLS,
but rather to show
that West Papua was a still is a RELUCTANT INDONESIAN
COLONY. The fact that
many of them were arrested because of raising the West
Papuan flag on
Indonesian Government buildings, is the simple proof
that the Act of free
choice was a sham.
The list is construed from reports over the years, some
from those who had
themselves been imprisoned in the past, others from
friends and relatives.
Some of them had subsequently died in custody, executed
or disappeared
without trace. The latest one is taken from Amnesty
International report of
April 1991. The list is by no means complete, we can not
even guess what
proportion of the Gulag is covered.
We have tried to present it as chronologically as
possible.
Adolf Gustaf Hanasbey, 1965.
Bob Kubia, 1966.
Moses Werror, 1969.
[late] James A. Joku, 1965.
Hendrick [Henk] Joku, 1965.
The following list is taken from West Papuan Observer
Vol.6. No. 6 [1981] ;
8&9. Place of detention PODAM 17/ CENERAWASIH.
NAME DATE OF DETENTION CHARGE OR INCIDENCE
1. SAWAKI, Albert June 1979
2. ONGGE Arnold June 1979
3. NUMBERY Jance June 1979
4. PAPARE John June 1979
5. REREY Eliezer June 1979
6. WAYOI Bernard June 1979
7. BONAY Saul June 1979
8. MAY Abner June 1979
9. SUWAUE Yeremias June 1979
10. WAYOI Michael* June 1979
11. WAYOI Yeret June 1979, 24th
12. ABAA Petrus** June 1979, 26th
13. ABAA Topilus June 1979, 26th
14. ABAA Baker June 1979, 26th
15. .......... Pius June 1979, 26th
16. WENDA Yulianus June 1979, 26th
17. ABAA Frans June 1979, 26th
18. RUMI Musa June 1979, 26th
19. ABAA Petrus** June 1979, 26th
20. TANAWANI Yulianus June 1979, 26th
21. WAROMI Yosephus June 1979, 26th
22. DEMETOUW Menase July 1979, 15th
23. DEMETOUW Jance July 1979, 15th
24. WAPAY Selsius July 1979
25. SORONDANY Gerson July 1979
26. KAWAI ? July 1979
27. AROBAYA Nathaniel July 1979
28. TOTO Justinus July 1979
29.WATORY Paulus Sergius July 1979
30. JOKU Herman Aug. 1979
31. JOKU Yan Aug. 1979
32. BONAY Steven Aug. 1979
33. PASEY Tom Aug. 1979
34. PUIRI Octo Aug. 1979
35. MIRIP Herman Aug. 1979
36. BUKORSIO ? Aug. 1979
37. SUMBUK Yefen Aug. 1979
38. WAISIMON Luther Aug. 1979
39. YAKADEWA Kristian Aug. 1979, 26th
40. TOTO Tholpinus Aug. 1979 26th
41. TAURUI Souriel ? ?
42. NEROTOUW Yan Piet ? ?
43. AWI Lukas ? ?
44. JOKU Terianus ? ?
45. ARONGGEAR Eddy Aug. 1979
46. TARAN Kaleb June 1980
47. WATOPA Manuel June 1980
48. ARONGGEAR Terianus June 1980
49. WAROMI Yoel June 1980, 24th
50. TOKORO Silas July 1980
51. KENOP Paulus Aug. 1980, 04th flag raising.53.
FISRERWA Mrs. Dominggas
Aug.1980, 04th flag raising
54. YAKADEWA Mrs. Florida Aug. 1980, 04th flag raising
55. YAKADEWA Mrs. Regina Aug. 1980, 04th flag raising
56. YARONA Mrs. Mary Aug. 1980, 04th flag raising
57. YARONA Mrs. Barbalina Aug. 1980, 04th flag raising
58. KUNTUI Paulus Aug. 1980
59. MABUI Musa Aug. 1980
60. BAK Yulianus Aug. 1980
61. FEGLI Yulianus Aug. 1980
62. TABUNI Isak Aug. 1980
63. BURYAMKIR Soter Aug. 1980
64. YARONA Sefnat Sept 1980
65. KOSEI Frans Dec. 1980
66. WAINE Frans Dec. 1980
67. PAPRINDEY Elias Dec. 1980
68. KENOP Miss Doly*** ? ?
69. KENOP Miss Ribka*** ? ?
* YERET WAYOI was held at Naval prison at Hamadi.
** PETRUS ABAA's name has been entered twice.
*** DOLLY and RIBKA KENOP were aged 9 and 10
respectively; they were
daughters of one of the women who raised the flag at the
Provincial
Government Headquarters.
Those held at KODOM are as follows:
1. DEMENA Benjamin Mar. 1980, 9th
2. TABU Marthen Ebesius April 1981, 19th
3. GIRJAPON Dirk Mar. 1981
4. GIAY Silas Mar. 1980
At the time of putting this paper together we have no
knowledge of their
fates. Some of them would probably have been released,
as it is now almost
14 years since some of them were arrested.
The following list is taken from 'Inodnesia News
Service', no. 299, June 13,
1991 by Indonesia Publication of 7538 Newberry Lane,
Lantham-Seabrook,
Maryland 20706, US:
NAME SENTENCE CHARGE OR INCIDENCE
L. P. KALISOSOK.
1. BOMAY Saul 14 years. Aug.1980 flag raising
2. PESAKOR Paulus Kontui 14 years. Aug 1980 flag raising
3. USIOR Adrianus 10 years. Badan intelijen Papua barat.
4. ABISAY Isaak 10 years. arrested 1986
5. KARETH Nixon Robert 7 years
6. WAY Saul 10 years
7. NAWIPA Yoseph 16 years. March 1988, attack on Arso
8. KOGOYA Beni 18 years. arrested Nov. 1988
9. KAUSA Alpius 12 years
10.WENDA Samuel 12 years
11.WANIBO Matheus 12 years
12.MORIP Darius 8 years
13.KOGOYA Wedimus 10 years, Dec. 1989, attack on Arso.
14. NIAN Ortisamil 10 years
15. APASERAY Danus 4 years. Tanah Merah incident, 1987.
16.AWOM Eliezer [Elias] LIFE OPM Leader, arrested 1989.
L. P. MERAUKE
1. ANDEGEMA Petrus 7 years flag raising
2.KIMKU Augustinus 9 years
3. YANGGARANG Matheus 9 years
4. AKI Gregorius 5 years messianis movement
5. WANIKOP Hendrikus 6 or 9 years
6. WANIKOP Andreas 6 or 9 years
7. OKTAN Baltasar unknown
L. P. BIAK.
1. ARFASAU Frans unknown alleged links with OPM
2. RUMBEWAS Isak unknown
3. WANMA Steven unknown
4. WANMA Petrus unknown
5. ABODONDIFU Alfons unknown
6. ABIDONDIFU Daud unknown
L. P. SERUI.
[note: these prisoners may have been transferred to
MANOKWARI]
1. WAIRARA Julius 7 years committee Lib. West Papua
2. RAMANDEWAY Mecky 5 years arrested 1984
3. AROMBAYAI 7 years
4. PAIRIR Yakop 12 years
5. PAKEBORI Daud 12 years
L. P. MANOKWAIR.
1. NUMAKI Sergius 7 years
2. WIYAI Septer 7 years
3. KURUBE Aser 4 years
4. MANANIAN Ferdinand 4 years
5. IMBURI Marthen 4 years
6 ARIMSORE Yan Piet 4 years 1. RUMBIAK Melkianus 18
years OPM Leader,
arrested Aug. 88.
LAKSADA [ JAYAPURA]
1. SALOSA Melkianus
[Mecky] LIFE OPM Leader, arrested Jul. 90, after being
deported from PAPUA
NEW GUINEA .[has since reported dead 1992] see gangland
style killings.
L. P. ABEPURA.
1. YAROSERAI Stefanus 4 years Tanah Merah incident
2. OFFIDE Obed Nusa 4 years arrested 1987
3. DEMOTOUW Agustinus 4 years
4. ONYORA Julianus F. 9 years alleged OPM activist
5. SORONDANYA Amos 4 years alleged OPM activist
6. WANMA Nabot 7 years alleged OPM activist
7. NAA David not sentenced, political detainees
8. DJITMAN Boas not sentenced, still held in 1991
9. MARFUM Otis not sentenced
10.SALOSA Selfianus not sentenced
11.WAY Steven not sentenced
12. HOMER Derek not sentenced
13. IEK Simon not sentenced
14.KAMBUAYA Soleman not sentenced
15.KARETSAN Mesak not sentenced
16. HOWAY Yulianus N. not sentenced
Prisoners convicted of subversion for involvement in the
Flag-raising of 14
December 1988.
NAME SENTENCE PLACE OF DENTENTION
1. WAINGAI Dr. Tekuro [ he has since died in custody]
20 years Cipinang
2. WAINGAI Mrs. Tekuro 8 years Tanggerang
3. WAROMI Rev. Ones 6 years Kalisosok
4. UMBERI Rev. Melkianus 4 years Abepura
5. OROPA Rev. Aminadab 5 years Abepura
6. KARANI Martinus 5 or 8 years Abepura
7. WANGGAI Leonard 5 or 8 years Abepura
8. ARWAN-SUABRA
Mrs. Heni 4 years Abepura
9. WATOPA Rev. Dominggus 6 years Kalisosok*
10.FONATABA Rev. Robi 5 years Waena
11.WAROMI Barends 4 years Kalisosok
12.WAMEA Rev. Alex 5 years Kalisosok
13.WANGGAI Yance 7 years Kalisosok
14.ARWAM Hanock 7 years Kalisosok
15.KARUBABA Rev. Luther 6 years Waena
16.WAIRARA Hendrick 6 years Kalisosok
17.ANDERI Yan Heri 4 years Kalisosok
18.WANGGAI Nicolas 5 years Kalisosok
19.WANGGAI Gustaf 8 years Abepura
20.WORU Robi 4 years Kalisosok
21.MANIANI Anthon 4 years Kalisosok
22.FONATABA Yan 7 years Abepura
23.REWANG Marthen 7 years Kalisosok
24.KARENI Daud 7 years Kalisosok
25.KORIDAMA Yacob 4 years Waena
26.MARANI Permenas 5 years Kalisosok
27.KARENI Karel 6 years Abepura
28.KARENI Mrs. Alliance 3 years Abepura
29.ANINAM Thoni 6 years Kalisosok
30.MANSAI Sem 6 years Kalisosok
31.WANGGAI Wilhelmus 3.5 years Waena
32.AROBAYA Eliezer 4 years Kalisosok
33.DJITMAN Amos 3.5 years Kalisosok
34.MANORI Yustus M. 4 years Kalisosok
35.WANGGAI Miss Paulina 2 years Abepura
36.NUBOBA Perkorus 4 years Kalisosok
37.FOUW Lambertus 7 years Abepura
Some prisoners listed here were due for release in 1990
or 1991 and may no
longer be in custody. However, because Indonesian
Authorities seldom
publicise the release of political prisoners,
confirmation of such releases
is difficult, often coming several months later through
unofficial channels.
Additional prisoners convicted of subversion in
connection with the
Flag-raising of 14th. December 1988.
NAME SENTENCE PLACE OF DENTENTION
"KELOMPOK IX"
1. MANIANI Rev. Karel 4 years Kalisosok
2. MAMBOR John Simon 7 years Kalisosok
3. WATORI Bernard Edi 5.5 years Kalisosok
4. KUNGGUNUM Edison 5.5 years Kalisosok
5. INAURI Johanis C. 6 years Kalisosok
6. MANIAKORI Lukius 4 years Kalisosok
7. BETAWI Lodewijk 15 years Kalisosok
8. WANMA Julianus B. 17 years Kalisosok
9. SORONDANYA John 10 years Kalisosok
10.OFFIDE Ferdinand 14 years Kalisosok
"KELOMPOK IV"
11.AYOMI Sopater 6 years Kalisosok
12.MAREY Lukas 8 years Kalisosok
13.MBAUBEDARI Roni David 4 years Kalisosol
14.BOARI Hanokh Octavio 4 years Kalisosok *These
ex-students from Technical
High-School were picked up, March 18th 1996 by
Military/Police, they were
interogated, kicked, punched - resulting in broken
bones, fractured skull,
some collapsed [unconsious], hospitalized. They were
still in hospital
untill recently.
1. NIKO TIER [28]
2. ENOS SITAWA [31]
3. YOPI FAIDIBAN [25]
4. YUSUF RUMBAI [20]
5. GEORGE SARWOM [31]
**These students were picked up by Military/Police in
Jayapura, 26-3-96, for
interrogation. Thery were punched and kicked, some
collapsed.
NAME AGE EDUCATION/SCHOOL
1. YAHULI Didimus 21 years Alumni PGSD UNCEN
2. JEMIUS Aso 19 years Mahasiswa UNCEN
3. MUSA Mabel Kls II SMA PGRI Abepura
4. MUSA Aso SMA PGRI Abepura
5. HERMAN Yulipele Kls III STM Kotaraja
6. SOTER Mabel Kls II SMEA Kotaraja
7. ALOYSIUS Marian Kls II STM Kotaraja
8. PENETUS Wetipo 25 years Mahasuswa STISIPOL Jayapura
9. BERTUS Aso Kls II SMA Taruna Bakti Waena
10.HUBERTUS Doga 25 years Mahasiswa POK [UNCEN]
11.SAMUEL Kogoya 21 years Mahasiswa FH [UNCEN]
12.MANUEL Mulait 25 years Mahasiswa STISIPOL Jayapura
13.MELKIAS Gombo 24 years Mahasiswa STTJ
***These people were killed by FREEPORT MINING Security.
Date given.
1. PAULINUS Songgonau [1982]
2. AGUS Kobogou [1992]
3. KAWARO Manden [1994]
4. KORNELES Magai [1992]
5. ALFIUS Kuyangge [1st. Dec. 1987]
6. NOPINUS Kogoya [1996]
7. BENY Alom [unknown]
8. MELIANUS Murib [unknown]
9. YOEL Wakerkwa [unknown]
10.KLEMENS Murib [unknown]
11.ARIANUS Murib [unknown]
12.JOHN Mom [unknown]
13.MARTHEN Janampa [unknown]
END
You Can Help End This Evil
Imagine for a moment swapping lives with relatives of
the survivors and
deceased you have just read about? How long could you
endure the terror?
Wouldn't you desperately pray for help? Help from
anywhere, from anyone? Do
you want to know the really frightening truth? These
peoples last and only
hope is you. Governments dont want to know or care.
There's only you and one realistic way you can make a
difference is by
joining with thousands who feel the same way. By joining
Amnesty
International and making a donation or by contacting us
the .OPMRC.
campaign@amnesty.org.au <
mailto:campaign@amnesty.org.au?>
Your information, comments, questions, words of
encouragement or support are
welcome
boyjah@voicenet.co.jp
______________________________________________________
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----- End forwarded message -----
KABAR IRIAN ("Irian News") www.kabar-irian.com
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=======================================================
Subj: KABAR-IRIAN: ELS-HAM writes to Mrs. Mary Robinson
=======================================================
Subj: KABAR-IRIAN: [EN] Seeking info
=======================================================
Subj: KABAR-IRIAN: [EN] Gus Dur agrees to open Papuan Peoples
=======================================================
Subj: W Papua Movement Accuses Indon Military Of Intimidation
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=======================================================
Subj: KABAR-IRIAN: [EN] Exiled Irianese call for merdeka
=======================================================
Subj: KABAR-IRIAN: [EN]Farewell PNG
Date: 4/9/00 3:42:51 PM Central Daylight Time
From: admin@irja.org
Congress
Sender: owner-kabar-irian@irja.org
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: admin@irja.org
Too much mail? Try our digest version. Info available at
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See http://www.irja.org/eypij.htm for the correct meaning of Irian
Suara Pembaruan, 8 April 2000
Gus Dur agrees to open Papuan Peoples Congress
Theys H. Eluay has announced that President Abdurrahman
Wahid, popularly
known as Gus Dur, has agreed to attend and open the
Papuan People’s
Congress due to be held shortly. ‘He expressed his
agreement when we met
him at the presidential palace on 2 April,’ Theys said.
The president’s willingness to attend and open the
congress was a source of
pride for the people of Papua, said Theys.
The Congress which will be attended by a number of
leading personalities,
academics and historians will focus on the history of
Papua because this
has been distorted since the Trikora operation (launched
by Indonesia in
the early 1960s to seize West Papua).
The date of the Congress has not yet been decided
because more
consultations are needed with the others involved in
convening the event
but it will certainly be not later than June this year,
said Theys.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
TAPOL, the Indonesia Human Rights Campaign
111 Northwood Road, Thornton Heath,
Surrey CR7 8HW, UK
Phone: 0181 771-2904 Fax: 0181 653-0322
email: tapol@gn.apc.org
Internet: www.gn.apc.org/tapol
Campaigning to expose human rights violations in
Indonesia, East Timor, West Papua and Aceh
26 years - and still going strong
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
----- End forwarded message -----
KABAR IRIAN ("Irian News") www.kabar-irian.com
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"Jakob Prai"
Thankyou Bishop John H Etheridge
The following is dedicated to the memory of those who
names appear here and
to the many who vanished without record while fighting
for West Papuan
Freedom:-Rest in Peace.
Date: 4/9/00 3:42:32 PM Central Daylight Time
From: admin@irja.org
Sender: owner-kabar-irian@irja.org
Reply-to: admin@irja.org
Too much mail? Try our digest version. Info available at
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----- Forwarded message from TAPOL
To: reg.westpapua@gn.apc.org
LEMBAGA STUDI DAN ADVOKASI HAK ASASI MANUSIA (ELS-HAM)
Institute for Human Rights Study and Advocacy (Ihrstad)
Jl. Kampus STTJ - Padang Bulan, Jayapura, WEST PAPUA
Tel/Fax: 62-967-581600. email: elsham_irja
Jayapura.wasantara.net.id
Mrs Mary Robinson High Commissioner on Human Rights
OHCHR-UNOG
8-14 Avenue de la Paix
1211 Geneva 10,
Switzerland
Geneva, April 5, 2000
Subject: Appeal to the High Commissioner regarding the
political deadlock
in West Papua (formerly known as Irian Jaya).
Dear Mrs Robinson,
Lembaga Studi dan Advokasi Hak Asasi Manusia (ELS-HAM),
or the Institute of
Human Rights Studies
and Advocacy (IHRSTAD), is a Human Rights organization,
created to promote,
advocate and defend
the rights of the people of West Papua. ELS-HAM works in
close cooperation
with grassroots organizations
and institutions in West Papua. ELS-HAM aims to
internationalise the West
Papuan case. While
lobbying at the 56th session of the UN-Commission on
Human Rights, we would
like to draw your attention to the
social and political developments in West Papua (Irian
Jaya). We fear that
because of the unwillingness of
the government of Indonesia to enter into a meaningful
dialogue with the
peoples of West Papua the
situation has reached a deadlock.
Since 1963, when the sovereignty of Dutch New Guinea
(West Papua) was
transferred to Indonesia, the
people of West Papua have been the victims of a
systematic campaign of
human rights violations at the hands of
the Indonesian government and army. These abuses include
killings, rape,
arbitrary detention, torture, intimidation and other
forms of injustices.
The genesis of this campaign is the Indonesian
government's failure to
understand the root cause of
discontent in West Papua, a discontent which leads
people to raise the West
Papuan flag ('The Morning Star') and speak out against
their Indonesian
rulers.
In 1969 the 'Act of Free Choice' resulted in 1026 hand
picked Papuans
who, some literally at gun-point, were forced to vote to
become part of
Indonesia. Human rights violations followed the Act of
Free Choice as the
Indonesian government and its army fought to repress the
anger felt about
this denial of the Papuan's rights. Tens of thousands of
Papuans havebeen
killed, detained, tortured and intimidated.This in turn
has lead to a
crisis of identity amongst the Papuans, generated by
racist government
policies and
government officers who speak of 'breeding the Papuans
out of existence'.
The Indonesian government, because it has failed to have
meaningful
dialogue with the Papuan people sees all forms of
protest as asecessionist
threat, ignoring the genuine concerns
of the Papuans regarding their rights to their
political, cultural and
human rights. This is why innocent civilians who are
demonstrating their
dissatisfaction with their Indonesian rulers by symbolic
flag raisings and
public gatherings are brutally repressed by the
Indonesian army and police.
By ignoring the real concerns of the Papuan people and
by refusing to enter
into a genuine dialogue, the government of Indonesia is
encouraging the
cycle of violence to continue. Since the election of Mr
Abdurachman Wahid
as President of Indonesia in
October 1999 at least 800,000 people have taken part in
flag raisings, or
pro-independence meetings of some sort, in all the
different regions of
West Papua. In turn this has led to four people being
shot dead, 81 people
detained and tortured and 165 people injured. Until the
government of
Indonesia stops using force to resolve its problems the
violence in West
Papua will undoubtedly continue.
Recent examples of killings and repression in towns
across West Papua:
Fak Fak, 28th - 29th of March, 2000. 45 people
were arrested and tortured
by the police after a peaceful pro-independence protest
during the visit of
the head of the regency.
Nabire, 28th of February - 2nd of March, 2000.
Three people were shot
dead, 16 people were detained and
tortured and 11 were badly injured by police shooting
when the West Papuan
flag was raised.
Jayapura, 26th of February, 2000. 16 people who
were involved in a
peaceful public meeting to discuss the
future of West Papua have been interrogated and
officially charged with
subversion.
Merauke 16th of February, 2000. One person was
shot dead by the police and
three were badly wounded
during a pro-independence demonstration.
· Timika 2nd of December 1999. One person was
tortured and died and 149
were wounded when police brutally
dispersed a flag raising.
As part of its crackdown the military and police have
formed a
pro-Indonesia militia, similar to those in East Timor.
There are now about
2000 pro-Indonesia militia in the town of Fakfak, and
300 in Manokwari.
Many of them comprise of non-Papuan migrants who
have been armed with hand made guns and live ammunition.
The militia group
in Fak Fak were involved in the arrest and torture of 45
Papuans in March.
This is a new development in West Papua and one that
greatly concerns us.
ELS-HAM is concerned that the
introduction of the militia tactics used in East Timor
into West Papua is a
clear indication that the Indonesian government and army
are committed to
continuing the violent repression of the Papuan people.
We therefore have
to conclude that the political process and dialogue for
peace and
reconciliation between the Papuan people and the
government of Indonesia
has reached a deadlock.
We therefore request you to use your good offices with
the Indonesian
government to take the following steps:
1. put pressure on the Indonesian government to end
the use of violence in
West Papua and for those responsible for human rights
violations to be
brought to justice;
2. urge the Indonesian government to reopen
dialogue with the Papuans so
that they may understand the root
of the problems - the reasons behind the Papuan's demand
for independence.
3. put pressure on the Indonesian government to
release all Papuan
detainees and stop their interrogation of people
involved in flag raisings,
public meetings, etc
4. urge the Indonesian government to begin a
process of peace and
reconciliation with the peoples of West Papua;
We thank you in anticipation of your attention to this
matter.
Yours sincerely,
signed
John Rumbiak, Supervisor
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
TAPOL, the Indonesia Human Rights Campaign
111 Northwood Road, Thornton Heath,
Surrey CR7 8HW, UK
Phone: 0181 771-2904 Fax: 0181 653-0322
email: tapol@gn.apc.org
Internet: www.gn.apc.org/tapol
Campaigning to expose human rights violations in
Indonesia, East Timor, West Papua and Aceh
26 years - and still going strong
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
----- End forwarded message -----
KABAR IRIAN ("Irian News") www.kabar-irian.com
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Date: 4/9/00 3:42:25 PM Central Daylight Time
From: admin@irja.org
Sender: owner-kabar-irian@irja.org
Reply-to: admin@irja.org
Too much mail? Try our digest version. Info available at
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----- Forwarded message from Lily Sotiriadis
To: reg.westpapua@gn.apc.org
I am researching West Papua as part of my studies in
International Law,
with the view of presenting enough accurate information
that it can be
published in a law journal and give the West Papua
situation more exposure.
I would appreciate any information, or sources on West
Papua that could
help me achieve writing a credible report. Thank you for
your time.
Lily Sotiriadis.
----- End forwarded message -----
KABAR IRIAN ("Irian News") www.kabar-irian.com
NOTE: "IRJA.org Inc., the moderator/s and subscribers do not neccessarily
hold to or support the opinions and views expressed in these postings. They
are posted for their news/interest content. "
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Date: 4/9/00 3:42:55 PM Central Daylight Time
From: admin@irja.org
Congress
Sender: owner-kabar-irian@irja.org
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: admin@irja.org
Too much mail? Try our digest version. Info available at
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Suara Pembaruan, 8 April 2000
Gus Dur agrees to open Papuan Peoples Congress
Theys H. Eluay has announced that President Abdurrahman
Wahid, popularly
known as Gus Dur, has agreed to attend and open the
Papuan People’s
Congress due to be held shortly. ‘He expressed his
agreement when we met
him at the presidential palace on 2 April,’ Theys said.
The president’s willingness to attend and open the
congress was a source of
pride for the people of Papua, said Theys.
The Congress which will be attended by a number of
leading personalities,
academics and historians will focus on the history of
Papua because this
has been distorted since the Trikora operation (launched
by Indonesia in
the early 1960s to seize West Papua).
The date of the Congress has not yet been decided
because more
consultations are needed with the others involved in
convening the event
but it will certainly be not later than June this year,
said Theys.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
TAPOL, the Indonesia Human Rights Campaign
111 Northwood Road, Thornton Heath,
Surrey CR7 8HW, UK
Phone: 0181 771-2904 Fax: 0181 653-0322
email: tapol@gn.apc.org
Internet: www.gn.apc.org/tapol
Campaigning to expose human rights violations in
Indonesia, East Timor, West Papua and Aceh
26 years - and still going strong
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
----- End forwarded message -----
KABAR IRIAN ("Irian News") www.kabar-irian.com
NOTE: "IRJA.org Inc., the moderator/s and subscribers do not neccessarily
hold to or support the opinions and views expressed in these postings. They
are posted for their news/interest content. "
To unsubscribe send the message "unsubscribe Kabar-irian" (minus the
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Need more help or information? Mail mailto:admin@irja.org
Date: 4/8/00 1:38:52 PM Central Daylight Time
From: tapol@gn.apc.org (TAPOL)
To: indonesia-act@igc.apc.org
Received from Joyo Indonesian News
Associated Press
April 7, 2000
W Papua Movt Accuses Indonesian Military Of Intimidation
JAKARTA (AP)--The leader of a secessionist movement in the remote West Papua
province accused Indonesia's military Friday of trying to intimidate the
local population in the run up to an independence congress.
Theys Eluay, who heads the Free Papua Movement, told journalists in Jakarta
that ever since the rebel group announced its intention of holding a meeting
of pro-independence leaders, the military has sent extra troops to the
region.
"They're trying to frighten us," he said. "Ever since we've started talking
about a meeting, they send more soldiers."
Eluay said the congress would be held sometime in the next two months in the
West Papua provincial capital Jayapura.
A military spokesman in Jakarta declined to comment on the accusation.
Separatist rebels maintain that the region, about 3,700 kilometers east of
Jakarta, has been independent since 1961, when its Dutch rulers agreed to
allow self-determination.
Indonesian forces occupied the colony in 1963. Jakarta's sovereignty was
rubber-stamped by a hastily convened assembly of village chiefs, which
pro-independence activists dismiss as a sham.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
TAPOL, the Indonesia Human Rights Campaign
111 Northwood Road, Thornton Heath,
Surrey CR7 8HW, UK
Phone: 0181 771-2904 Fax: 0181 653-0322
email: tapol@gn.apc.org
Internet: www.gn.apc.org/tapol
Campaigning to expose human rights violations in
Indonesia, East Timor, West Papua and Aceh
26 years - and still going strong
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
=======================================================
Subj: Re: [West Papua]
Date: 4/8/00 6:31:22 AM Central Daylight Time
From: osimopiaref@netscape.net (Ottis Simopiaref)
To: lily@ultra.net.au (Lily Sotiriadis), reg.westpapua@gn.apc.org
Dear Lily Sotiriadis,
For information on West Papua I would like to suggest you to open:
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/cline/papua/
http://www.pu.go.id/publik/kanwil/irja/82front.htm#Econom
To get daily information from me and others please request
"papua-subscribe@egroups.com
I would like to thank you very much in advance for your effort to make the
problems in West Papua known. I wish you therefore every success.
Peace,
Ottis Simopiaref, West Papuan Activist
osimopiaref@netscape.net
-----------------------------
Lily Sotiriadis
I am researching West Papua as part of my studies in International Law,
with the view of presenting enough accurate information that it can be
published in a law journal and give the West Papua situation more exposure.
I would appreciate any information, or sources on West Papua that could
help me achieve writing a credible report. Thank you for your time.
Lily Sotiriadis.
____________________________________________________________________
Get your own FREE, personal Netscape WebMail account today at http://webmail.netscape.com.
=======================================================
Subj: Gus Dur agrees to open Papuan People's Congress
Date: 4/8/00 2:42:53 PM Central Daylight Time
From: tapol@gn.apc.org (TAPOL)
To: reg.westpapua@gn.apc.org
Suara Pembaruan, 8 April 2000
Gus Dur agrees to open Papuan Peoples Congress
Theys H. Eluay has announced that President Abdurrahman Wahid, popularly
known as Gus Dur, has agreed to attend and open the Papuan People’s
Congress due to be held shortly. ‘He expressed his agreement when we met
him at the presidential palace on 2 April,’ Theys said.
The president’s willingness to attend and open the congress was a source of
pride for the people of Papua, said Theys.
The Congress which will be attended by a number of leading personalities,
academics and historians will focus on the history of Papua because this
has been distorted since the Trikora operation (launched by Indonesia in
the early 1960s to seize West Papua).
The date of the Congress has not yet been decided because more
consultations are needed with the others involved in convening the event
but it will certainly be not later than June this year, said Theys.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
TAPOL, the Indonesia Human Rights Campaign
111 Northwood Road, Thornton Heath,
Surrey CR7 8HW, UK
Phone: 0181 771-2904 Fax: 0181 653-0322
email: tapol@gn.apc.org
Internet: www.gn.apc.org/tapol
Campaigning to expose human rights violations in
Indonesia, East Timor, West Papua and Aceh
26 years - and still going strong
=======================================================
--------------------
Dear Reader,
Reading the article/interview below, I have to let
you know that I never have been interviewed by Mark Worth. So there must be a
mistake when all of a sudden my name shows up, commenting on Satgas; there might
be a mix-up with someone (Theo) working at the ElsHAM office. Brief, I am not
responsible and can not take responsibility for any comments in this interview.
Please correct this.
Regards,
Br. Theo
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
----- Original Message -----
Sent: Friday, July 07, 2000 4:46 PM
Subject: WEST PAPUA MILITIA
from AWPA
SBS Dateline , first shown 5/7/00
Transcript
WEST PAPUA MILITIA
MARK WORTH: In the backblocks of West Papua's capital, Jayapura, the country's champion of independence, Chief Theys Eluay, inspects the guard of honour that's training to deliver his country - and his people - to freedom. Just 600km from East Timor, this, too, is a struggle to break away from Indonesia. And just like East Timor, the push for freedom is giving birth to violent militia gangs.
Villagers are now moving from the mountains to the city to help defend Papuans from pro-Jakarta thugs. These highlanders in traditional dress have come down to attend the West Papuan People's Congress. They will return to their villages to establish their own pro-independence militia, or 'satgas' - Indonesian for 'taskforce'. While these people only have bows and arrows, in the cities, the movement is much more disciplined.
Satgas Papua was formed in response to pro-Indonesian militia called Satgas Merah Putih, the Red and White Taskforce. These are two members of Satgas Merah Putih, caught and beaten up after they attacked independence supporters.
COMMANDO JOHN, SATGAS PAPUA: These Merah Putih are being used to defend autonomy. Wherever their militia operate, they try to obstruct ours. Not only Papuans but non-Papuans support them in their struggle. They obstruct us and they're provocateurs in this struggle. Just yesterday, we burnt down their house in Weinas. These people are being used by Indonesia, by the government and the army to block the struggle for Papuan independence.
MARK WORTH: Both militia groups now claim thousands of members. We travelled three hours west of Jayapura to see how Satgas Papua was organising itself in the bush. This chief is the traditional leader of Tami Mamberano village, in an area once patrolled by Free West Papua rebels, known as the OPM.
COMMANDO JOHN: Every district co-ordinators has 2-3 platoons of militia. In every district, there are 2-3 platoons. In our whole area, we have 10,000 militia. Their job is to guard the political leaders and keep them safe from harassment. They do drills every day, they practice marching and practice guarding towns and people from various sorts of harassment. Is the Satgas Papua the new OPM? It's the OPM, not the new OPM. It is the OPM.
MARK WORTH: The OPM, or the Free West Papua Movement, has been waging a hit-and-run war against Indonesian occupation of West Papua for nearly 40 years. Its rebirth in the form of Satgas Papua now sees militia cells operating to the west, in Fak Fak and Nabire; to the south, in Merauke and Timika; and in Jayapura to the north - a total membership of 20,000.
LOUIS KAMBUAYA, FORMER GOLKAR LEADER: Satgas Papua is our young generation. We are mobilising people that at any time we can equip with one man, one gun for fighting, because our struggle for independence cannot come through without fighting and diplomacy.
MARK WORTH: It's not surprising that Indonesia wants this low-tech rebellion put down. And to do that, the military is using the same tactics it employed in East Timor - covertly nurturing pro-Jakarta militia and sending them in to fight their neighbours.
Louis Kambuaya was the deputy leader of the Golkar Party in West Papua under the Suharto regime. Now, he can speak freely about how the Indonesian government is using the same tactics here as it did in East Timor - even flying in the same intelligence specialists to put down this independence movement.
LOUIS KAMBUAYA: The key person that now the leader of the Irian Jaya province, is the Governor, General Musiran. He is known as an intel man who can make anything happen. This governor came from East Timor.
MARK WORTH: The Indonesian military divides and conquers by paying one side to fight the other. Pro-independence Commando John has extracted details about Indonesian military payments to the Red and White Taskforce, or Satgas Merah Putih. Commando John claims these two pro-Indonesian militia were paid by ABRI, the Indonesian military.
COMMANDO JOHN: I'd like to explain a little. No-one in the Papuan independence struggle is paid. The militia and everyone else earn their own living. If they work for the Indonesians, these guys get a wage. They're not paid peanuts. They get billions of rupiah for sabotaging our struggle. But these men we're guarding are Papuans. We've brought them here to advise them, to educate them to support the struggle, not to give up the struggle.
MARK WORTH: Tonight, Dateline can show where some of those wages come from. These documents - leaked from the Indonesian military - show payment delivered in the form of inducements to lure Papuans into the ranks of the pro-Jakarta mob.
Their reward for siding against the independence movement included trips from West Papua to the bars and bright lights of Jakarta, complete with a new wardrobe of clothing in classic tropical chic.
One group had 22.8 million rupiah allocated to purchase safari suits, 2 million rupiah for pocket money and 10 million rupiah to buy souvenirs on their visit to Jakarta. The grand total for these and other expenses on this field trip - 875,602,500 rupiah. That's more than $175,000 Australian, and all of it approved by the regional military chief for West Papua's Trikora command, Major-General Albert Ingkiriwang.
Not only are pro-Jakarta supporters being seduced by the gifts and riches - someone is giving them guns as well. Commando John is not prepared to say where the guns are coming from, but if the Indonesian Army is prepared to fork out over $175,000 for a junket to Jakarta, one can only speculate.
COMMANDO JOHN: They're in the process of getting guns at the moment. Right now, the Merah Putih are using people like youth leaders, tribal leaders, traditional leaders, church leaders and people in government. They've got people in the regional parliament, at district and provincial level.
MARK WORTH: Do the Merah Putih work directly with the TNI?
COMMANDER JOHN: Some TNI were involved directly with the militias, but we took care of them a couple of weeks ago. Our militia has taken care of them.
MARK WORTH: Being "taken care of" is a euphemism for payback, and that's the worry - as the militias grow, so does the violence. Independence supporter Commando Paulus was travelling from Jayapura to Santani when he was set upon by pro-Jakarta thugs.
COMMANDO PAULUS: We were stopped on the road by the Merah Putih and they slashed me with a machete.
MARK WORTH: Where was this?
COMMANDER PAULUS: They attacked me in Weanas. They blocked our way, then they forced us to get out of the car. One of the Merah Putih came at me with a machete and slashed my arm and my head and here.
MARK WORTH: But these people are the victims of the worst anti-independence militia violence so far. Four months ago, they fled their town of Fak Fak after pro-Indonesian Merah Putih thugs went on the attack, aided by Indonesia's mobile police brigade, Brimob.
MAN: They once broke into my house and ransacked it. They took the flag and my files and we've never found them. This is my wife - she was a victim. They came in through the door and the windows as if there was a war on.
SECOND MAN: They arrived in the village and ransacked our houses. They took our belongings and smashed all the windows. Trunks they couldn't open they hacked at with machetes. They shot at the crucifix and our Morning Star flag. They bundled it up, threw it on the ground and trampled on it. And the same with the Koran. They tore the Koran up and threw it away.
And the rice - a few tonnes of rice got... Some they wet, some they mixed with Rinso and some with kerosene or petrol. They left it there or threw it into the sea. They shot all the chickens and the dogs.
MARK WORTH: Pro-independence Satgas Papua wants to avenge these wrongs. But if the struggle isn't complicated enough, now the freedom fighters have been offered support from the most unexpected quarter of all - a terror group that would normally be their mortal enemy, the Permuda Pancacila.
This contingent of Permuda Pancacila tried desperately to stir up trouble in the Indonesian Parliament at the time of the fall of President Suharto in 1998. The group was used as a political tool by former president Suharto to provoke riots and attack his rivals. Permuda Pancacila's support of Satgas Papua is seen as a ploy by Jakarta to infiltrate and control the independence movement.
Yorris Raweyai is the deputy chairman of Permuda Pancacila.
There's now talk of setting up of Satgas Merah Putih in Fak Fak and Jayapura. Do you know where the backing is coming from for that, at all?
YORRIS RAWEYAI, DEPUTY CHAIRMAN, PERMUDA PANCACILA: At the moment, I won't comment on that, because that's a sensitive issue about Satgas Merah Putih and Satgas Papua. But I'll hope that our government don't try to make a pressure situation.
MARK WORTH: There are a lot of Irianese people in Permuda Pancasila. Do you think they will go across Satgas Papua?
YORRIS RAWEYAI: Maybe. It depends on everybody.
MARK WORTH: It depends on Papuans.
YORRIS RAWEYAI: If they think they are Papuanese, they must join in.
MARK WORTH: And how do you feel yourself, as an Indonesian? Do you feel strong links with your Papuan background?
YORRIS RAWEYAI: Of course. I am Papuanese. (Laughs)
MARK WORTH: For many, Yorris is playing a double game, trading on his Papuan background while trying to undermine the independence movement. His loyalty to Jakarta has been richly rewarded, his home chock-full of the spoils from a long career with the Indonesian regime.
Four weeks ago, the people of West Papua gathered in Jayapura for the Papuan People's Congress. It was an act of defiance against Indonesia's rule and a reaffirmation of Chief Theys Eluay's leadership of the freedom struggle. These people believe Indonesia's annexation of West Papua in the UN-sponsored Act of Free Choice was fraudulent and should be overturned.
In 1969, just 1,025 men - hand-picked by Indonesia - voted for Indonesia's annexation of West Papua. The other 800,000 West Papuans went unheard - now, they've been given a voice.
The Congress formed a West Papuan government-in-waiting, frightening Australia into declaring its continued recognition of Papua's integration with Indonesia. But it did nothing to dampen friction between the warring West Papua militia. And even here, the pro-Indonesian thugs were hard at work.
BROTHER THEO, HUMAN RIGHTS WORKER: They caught eight people who tried to bring their bombs and guns into the Congress venue. We are very angry, because we heard that it's very dangerous about their condition. Maybe they are dead or full of wounds in their body, we don't know what. The Satgas Papua don't like people of West Papua trying to make militia here.
MARK WORTH: Brother Theo is a volunteer with the West Papua human rights group ELSHAM. For the past 12 months, he's been documenting militia activity from both sides.
BROTHER THEO: I think it's dangerous because of these two kinds of satgas. You know the Satgas Papua is made by local people. Their background of life is very different than Satgas Merah Putih.
MARK WORTH: The day after the People's Congress, the pro-Jakarta Merah Putih ran rampant through the Jayapura suburb of Waenas. Mr Sakom is a Christian Sumatran who has lived in West Papua for the past 25 years. During the militia rampage, his shops were doused in petrol and set alight.
MR SAKOM, RESIDENT: 450 million rupiah is gone. I've scrimped and saved and put money in the bank. But I like living in Irian. I like the people here. I don't know why it happened, but I think it was differences of opinion. I think the Papuans were very angry when they did this.
BROTHER THEO: We can see the case in Fak Fak. From there, we can see that there is something like the militia in East Timor trying to be created in West Papua.
MARK WORTH: Many believe the split between Indonesia and West Papua can be resolved by restaging the so-called Act of Free Choice'.
LOUIS KAMBUAYA: We are really fighting based on ideology. That we are Melanesian by origin and Indonesian by an expansionism is an accident. The Act of Free choice is totally no choice, and it is at a point where West Papua will win. If necessary, we'll do the Act of Free Choice again, but one man, one vote.
MARK WORTH: Just how long Indonesia can tolerate these scenes of civil disobedience, these acts of free choice, is still not clear. The drive for an independent West Papua has already claimed many lives, and the footsoldiers in this battle are prepared to sacrifice even more to keep their symbol of independence aloft and their dreams of a free land alive.
Australia West Papua Association
PO BOX 65
Millers Point
Australia 2000
Date: 4/7/00 10:42:53 AM Central Daylight Time
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AWPA
Radio Australia 7/4/00
Exiled West Papuans call for Melanesian independence
support. The National Congress of West Papua has warned
West Papuans to be wary of groups pushing for autonomy
within Indonesia.
In a statement from Port Moresby, congress president,
Michael Kareth, says West Papua will only accept full
independence from Indonesia.
Mr Kareth says groups pushing for autonomy are
collaborating with Indonesia's Ambassador to Port
Moresby, Franc
Joku.
He says Mr Joku is using the same tactics used by
Jakarta in East Timor, but which failed.
Mr Kareth has also called on Melanesian countries and
the U-N to pressure Washington to support independence
for West Papua.
-----------------------------------------------
Australia West Papua Association, Sydney
PO BOX 65
Millers Point, NSW
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Date: 4/7/00 7:33:48 PM Central Daylight Time
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from The National (Papua New Guinea)
April 7, 2000
Farewell PNG
SINCLAIRE SOLOMON reports on the recent repatriation of
88 Irianese
refugees from Kiunga to Indonesia which authorities on
both sides hope will
pay off.
YOUNG Kevin is an Indonesian citizen. He is standing
beside me telling me
that he had returned from Kiunga and Tabubil five days
earlier after
visiting relatives.
He speaks fluent Tok Pisin but so too do a handful of
others standing
within earshot. We are standing at Mindiptana airstrip
in Indonesia's West
Papua Province, about 20 minutes flying time by light
aircraft north west
of Kiunga.
The reminder that we were in Indonesian territory was
the steady stream of
Bahasa Indonesia from the mostly Javanese officials and
the clove-scented
aroma of Gudang Garam cigarette.
Young Kevin continues with his story. He is a regular
"tourist" who treks
across the border to headwaters of Alice Creek and then
travel by road to
Tabubil or boat down the Fly River to Kiunga, all inside
two days.
Hundreds of young men like him do this every year, he
says, to visit
relatives, or simply go on a drinking binge with the
"OPs" (PNG-made
overproof spirit).
As he speaks some of his 88 "wantoks" who have just been
repatriated from
the East Awin camp in the North Fly district are loaded
into trucks to be
taken to a transit camp at the Catholic Mission to be
processed and sent to
their villages and relatives.
To Kevin and his people, the word refugee is as alien as
the international
border that divides PNG and Indonesia.
But the PNG and Indonesian authorities see it
differently. The refugees are
Indonesian subjects and all efforts are being made to
encourage to return
to the homes they fled from in the early 1980s following
clashes between
Indonesian security forces and pro-independence OPM
rebels.
The authorities are quietly hopeful that the latest
repatriation of the
Irianese refugees to Indonesia's West Papua province
will pay off.
Whether more will follow will depend on how well the
first batch integrate
into their new way of life, not that it will differ from
the old lifestyle
they left behind 16 years earlier.
For they are traditional crossers and to them an
international border means
Copyright 2000E-Mail:
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