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 Astronomy and Cosmology
 Astronomy and Cosmology
 

Astronomy

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Astronomy and Cosmology
 
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MercuryMercury



 Mass (kg)
Diameter (km)
Mean density (kg/m^3)
Escape velocity (m/sec)
Average distance from Sun (AU)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)
Obliquity (tilt of axis in degrees)
Orbit inclination (degrees)
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular)
Mean surface temperature (K)
Maximum surface temperature (K)
Minimum surface temperature (K)
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity)		 3.3 x 10^23
4878
5420
4300
0.387
58.65
87.97
0
7
0.206
452
700
100
0.12
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Venus
Venus

 
Mass (kg)
Diameter (km)
Mean density (kg/m^3)
Escape velocity (m/sec)
Average distance from Sun (AU)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)
Obliquity (tilt of axis in degrees)
Orbit inclination (degrees)
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular)
Minimum surface temperature (K)
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity)
 4.87 x 10^24
12104
5250
10400
0.723
243.0
224.7
178
3.39
0.007
726
0.59
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Earth Earth

 Mass (kg)
Diameter (km)
Mean density (kg/m^3)
Escape velocity (m/sec)
Average distance from Sun (AU)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth hours)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)
Obliquity (tilt of axis in degrees)
Orbit inclination (degrees)
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular)
Mean surface temperature (K)
Maximum surface temperature (K)
Minimum surface temperature (K)
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity)		 5.98 x 10^24
12756
5520
11200
1
23.93
365.26
23.4
0
0.017
281
310
260
0.39
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Mars
Mars

 Mass (kg)
Diameter (km)
Mean density (kg/m^3)
Escape velocity (m/sec)
Average distance from Sun (AU)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)
Obliquity (tilt of axis in degrees)
Orbit inclination (degrees)
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular)
Maximum surface temperature (K)
Minimum surface temperature (K)
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity)
 6.42 x 10^23
6787
3940
5000
1.524
1.026
686.98
25
1.85
0.093
310
150
0.15
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Jupiter
Jupiter

 Mass (kg)
Diameter (km)
Mean density (kg/m^3)
Escape velocity (m/sec)
Average distance from Sun (AU)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)
Obliquity (tilt of axis in degrees)
Orbit inclination (degrees)
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular)
Mean surface temperature (K)
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity)		 1.90 x 10^27
142800
1314
59500
5.203
9.8
11.86
3.08
1.3
0.048
120
0.44
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Saturn
Saturn

 Mass (kg)
Diameter (km)
Mean density (kg/m^3)
Escape velocity (m/sec)
Average distance from Sun (AU)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)
Obliquity (tilt of axis in degrees)
Orbit inclination (degrees)
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular)
Mean surface temperature (K)
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity)		 5.69 x 10^26
1120660
690
35600
9.539
10.2
29.46
26.7
2.49
0.056
88
0.46
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Uranus
Uranus

 Mass (kg)
Diameter (km)
Mean density (kg/m^3)
Escape velocity (m/sec)
Average distance from Sun (AU)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)
Obliquity (tilt of axis in degrees)
Orbit inclination (degrees)
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular)
Mean surface temperature (K)		 8.68 x 10^25
51118
1290
21300
19.18
17.9
84
97.9
0.77
0.047
59
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Neptune
Neptune

 Mass (kg)
Diameter (km)
Mean density (kg/m^3)
Escape velocity (m/sec)
Average distance from Sun (AU)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)
Obliquity (tilt of axis in degrees)
Orbit inclination (degrees)
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular)
Mean surface temperature (K)		 1.02 x 10^26
49528
1640
23300
30.06
19.1
164.8
29.6
1.77
0.009
48
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Pluto
Pluto

 Mass (kg)
Diameter (km)
Mean density (kg/m^3)
Escape velocity (m/sec)
Average distance from Sun (AU)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)
Obliquity (tilt of axis in degrees)
Orbit inclination (degrees)
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular)
Mean surface temperature (K)		 1.29 x 10^22
2300
2030
1100
39.53
6.39
247.7
122.5
17.15
0.248
37
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